scholarly journals Interstitial glucose concentrations and hypoglycemia during 2 days of caloric deficit and sustained exercise: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 1208-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey J. Smith ◽  
Marques A. Wilson ◽  
J. Philip Karl ◽  
Krista Austin ◽  
Asma Bukhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Severe Hypoglycemia ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Interstitial Glucose ◽  
Term Energy

Military personnel and some athlete populations endure short-term energy deficits from reduced energy intake and/or increased energy expenditure (EE) that may degrade physical and cognitive performance due to severe hypoglycemia (<3.1 mmol/l). The extent to which energy deficits alter normoglycemia (3.9–7.8 mmol/l) in healthy individuals is not known, since prior studies measured glucose infrequently, not continuously. The purpose of this study was to characterize the glycemic response to acute, severe energy deficit compared with fully fed control condition, using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). For 2 days during a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 23 volunteers (17 men/6 women; age: 21.3 ± 3.0 yr; body mass index: 25 ± 3 kg/m) increased habitual daily EE [2,300 ± 450 kcal/day [means ± SD)] by 1,647 ± 345 kcal/day through prescribed exercise (~3 h/day; 40–65% peak O2 consumption), and consumed diets designed to maintain energy balance (FED) or induce 93% energy deficit (DEF). Interstitial glucose concentrations were measured continuously by CGM (Medtronic Minimed). Interstitial glucose concentrations were 1.0 ± 0.9 mmol/l lower during DEF vs. FED ( P < 0.0001). The percentage of time spent in mild (3.1–3.8 mmol/l) hypoglycemia was higher during DEF compared with FED [mean difference = 20.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 13.1%, 27.9%; P = 0.04], while time spent in severe (<3.1 mmol/l) hypoglycemia was not different between interventions (mean difference = 4.6%; 95% CI: −0.6%, 9.8%; P = 0.10). Three of 23 participants spontaneously reported symptoms (e.g., nausea) potentially related to hypoglycemia during DEF, and an additional participant reported symptoms during both interventions. These findings suggest that severe hypoglycemia rarely occurs in healthy individuals enduring severe, short-term energy deficit secondary to heavy exercise and inadequate energy intake.

scholarly journals Acute and Short-term Chronic Testosterone Fluctuation Effects on Glucose Homeostasis, Insulin Sensitivity, and Adiponectin: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. E1088-E1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Høst ◽  
Lars C. Gormsen ◽  
David M. Hougaard ◽  
Jens S. Christiansen ◽  
Steen B. Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Molecular Weight Adiponectin ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Total Glucose

Context: Low levels of adiponectin and T in men have been shown to predict development of the metabolic syndrome, but the effects of T on glucose metabolism are incompletely understood and may be influenced either directly or indirectly through changes in body composition or in levels of adiponectin. Objective: The aim of the study was to test whether T exerts its effects on glucose metabolism directly or indirectly. Design, Setting, and Participants: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 12 healthy young males were studied on four separate occasions. They received GnRH agonist treatment 1 month before 3 of 4 trial days to induce castrate levels of T. On trial days, T gel containing either high or low physiological T dose or placebo was applied to the body. On a fourth trial day, participants constituted their own eugonadal controls. Intervention: Each study comprised a 5-hour basal period and a 3-hour hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Main Outcome Measures: We measured the effect of acute T on peripheral glucose disposal, total adiponectin and subforms, and other indices of glucose metabolism. Results: Short-term hypogonadism was associated with increased high molecular weight adiponectin levels (P &lt; .03) and increased oxidative glucose disposal (P = .03) but not total glucose disposal (P = .07). Acute T treatment was an independent suppressor of high molecular weight adiponectin levels (P = .04) but did not affect total glucose disposal (P = .17). Conclusions: These data show that T can act through putative fast nongenomic pathways to affect adiponectin levels in humans. The early hypogonadal state is characterized by a marked shift in fuel oxidation from lipids toward glucose, which may rely partly on buffering capabilities of adiponectin.

Lack of Effect of Exercise Time of Day on Acute Energy Intake in Healthy Men

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katriona J.M O’Donoghue ◽  
Paul A. Fournier ◽  
Kym J. Guelfi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Successful Weight Loss

Although the manipulation of exercise and dietary intake to achieve successful weight loss has been extensively studied, it is unclear how the time of day that exercise is performed may affect subsequent energy intake. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of an acute bout of exercise performed in the morning compared with an equivalent bout of exercise performed in the afternoon on short-term energy intake. Nine healthy male participants completed 3 trials: morning exercise (AM), afternoon exercise (PM), or control (no exercise; CON) in a randomized counterbalanced design. Exercise consisted of 45 min of treadmill running at 75% VO2peak. Energy intake was assessed over a 26-hr period with the participants eating ad libitum from a standard assortment of food items of known quantity and composition. There was no significant difference in overall energy intake (M ± SD; CON 23,505 ± 6,938 kJ, AM 24,957 ± 5,607 kJ, PM 24,560 ± 5,988 kJ; p = .590) or macronutrient preferences during the 26-hr period examined between trials. Likewise, no differences in energy intake or macronutrient preferences were observed at any of the specific individual meal periods examined (i.e., breakfast, lunch, dinner) between trials. These results suggest that the time of day that exercise is performed does not significantly affect short-term energy intake in healthy men.

Effect of short-term energy intake level and exercise on oxygen consumption in men

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Hickson ◽  
G. H. Hartung ◽  
T. D. Pate ◽  
S. C. Kendall ◽  
J. C. McMahon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intake Level ◽  
Term Energy

Short-Term Effects of 10% Lidocaine Ointment on Allodynia in Cancer Pain: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1364-1369
Author(s):  
Hideaki Hasuo ◽  
Hiroko Sakuma ◽  
Kazuki Uchitani ◽  
Kenichi Ohue ◽  
Mikihiko Fukunaga
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Short Term Effects

scholarly journals Exenatide has a pronounced effect on energy intake but not energy expenditure in non-diabetic subjects with obesity: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Metabolism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 116-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Basolo ◽  
Joshua Burkholder ◽  
Kristy Osgood ◽  
Alexis Graham ◽  
Sarah Bundrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Pronounced Effect ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo

scholarly journals Acute effects of cannabis on speech illusions and psychotic-like symptoms: two studies testing the moderating effects of cannabidiol and adolescence

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Mokrysz ◽  
Natacha D. C. Shaban ◽  
Tom P. Freeman ◽  
Will Lawn ◽  
Rebecca A. Pope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo

Abstract Background Acute cannabis administration can produce transient psychotic-like effects in healthy individuals. However, the mechanisms through which this occurs and which factors predict vulnerability remain unclear. We investigate whether cannabis inhalation leads to psychotic-like symptoms and speech illusion; and whether cannabidiol (CBD) blunts such effects (study 1) and adolescence heightens such effects (study 2). Methods Two double-blind placebo-controlled studies, assessing speech illusion in a white noise task, and psychotic-like symptoms on the Psychotomimetic States Inventory (PSI). Study 1 compared effects of Cann-CBD (cannabis containing Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and negligible levels of CBD) with Cann+CBD (cannabis containing THC and CBD) in 17 adults. Study 2 compared effects of Cann-CBD in 20 adolescents and 20 adults. All participants were healthy individuals who currently used cannabis. Results In study 1, relative to placebo, both Cann-CBD and Cann+CBD increased PSI scores but not speech illusion. No differences between Cann-CBD and Cann+CBD emerged. In study 2, relative to placebo, Cann-CBD increased PSI scores and incidence of speech illusion, with the odds of experiencing speech illusion 3.1 (95% CIs 1.3–7.2) times higher after Cann-CBD. No age group differences were found for speech illusion, but adults showed heightened effects on the PSI. Conclusions Inhalation of cannabis reliably increases psychotic-like symptoms in healthy cannabis users and may increase the incidence of speech illusion. CBD did not influence psychotic-like effects of cannabis. Adolescents may be less vulnerable to acute psychotic-like effects of cannabis than adults.

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