scholarly journals The effect of reducing energy density, via the addition of water to dry diet, on body weight and activity in dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E. Alexander ◽  
Alison Colyer ◽  
Penelope J. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Dry Diet ◽  
Total Moisture Content

AbstractApproximately 40 % of pet dogs are estimated to be overweight and this is associated with health conditions significantly reducing life span and quality. In cats, dietary energy dilution has been reported to increase activity levels and aid healthy body-weight maintenance. Our aim was to investigate this in dogs. For 28 d, a complete and balanced standard dry diet, hydrated to a total moisture content (TMC) of 72 %, was offered to forty-six dogs at individual maintenance energy requirements (MER). Intake, body weight and activity were measured. For the following 28 d, the dry diet was offered at 200 % of MER with or without hydration (7·6 or 72 % TMC) and measurements repeated. When offered diets in excess, body weight increased significantly faster (19·3 g/d) with the hydrated diet (P = 0·001), but activity levels did not change from baseline (P = 0·392), while activity reduced significantly with the dry diet (about 15 %; P < 0·001). Dogs completely compensated for the reduction of dietary energy content, indicating that this is not a useful strategy for maintaining body weight when offered excess food.

scholarly journals The effect of reducing dietary energy density via the addition of water to a dry diet, on body weight, energy intake and physical activity in adult neutered cats

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E. Alexander ◽  
Alison Colyer ◽  
Penelope J. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Dry Diet ◽  
Healthy Body

AbstractIncreasingly domestic cats live in an overfeeding and underexercising environment where obesity is a major health concern. One strategy to aid healthy body weight maintenance is dietary energy dilution. Published data indicate that increasing dietary moisture content leads to a reduction in energy intake and increased activity. However, a number of different methodologies were employed in these studies and associated changes in physical activity have only been measured once. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of diets of three different moisture contents offered in excess of energy requirements, on body weight, energy intake and physical activity in adult neutered cats. Sixty-nine adult cats randomised into three groups, received 100 % of their daily individual maintenance energy requirements (IMER) of dry diet or dry diet hydrated to 40 or 80 % total moisture content (tmc). Baseline activity, intake, body weight and body composition were measured. Following this baseline phase, the cats received the same diets at 200 % of daily IMER and the measurements repeated over the next 28 d. When offered the diets at 200 % IMER, cats fed the dry diet significantly increased body weight and percentage of body fat (P < 0·01), while those offered the hydrated diets did not (P > 0·01). The levels of physical activity in cats offered the hydrated 80 % tmc diet were significantly (P < 0·01) higher than those offered the dry or 40 % tmc diet. We suggest that dietary energy dilution by addition of water may be a useful strategy for healthy body weight maintenance in overfed cats.

Physical form and energy concentrations of broiler diets

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (59) ◽  
pp. 604 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Yule
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Floor Space ◽  
Physical Form

Commercial broilers were reared in controlled environment houses to nine weeks of age at 464 cm2 of floor space per bird. The treatments over the starter and finisher phases were two metabolizable energy concentrations of 11.5 and 13.2 MJ kg-1 each in either mash or pelleted form with a commercial pellet treatment as a control. Dietary energy content was negatively correlated with food conversion ratio but did not significantly influence liveweight. Pelleting significantly increased liveweight and improved food efficiency. There was no evidence of an interaction between dietary energy content and physical form of the diet. The increased cost of the higher energy diet counterbalanced the decreased food consumption per unit of body weight.

scholarly journals Usual Dietary Energy Density Distribution Is Positively Associated with Excess Body Weight in Mexican Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 145 (7) ◽  
pp. 1524-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania C Aburto ◽  
Alejandra Cantoral ◽  
Lucia Hernández-Barrera ◽  
Alicia L Carriquiry ◽  
Juan A Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Energy Density Distribution ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Dietary Energy Density

Physical activity and its role in disease prevention

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvyn Hillsdon ◽  
Tim Anstiss
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Healthy Body

Regular physical activity is one of the most powerful protective and therapeutic factors known to medicine—protecting people from a wide range of health problems and benefitting over 20 conditions and diseases, including coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancer. It is also associated with mental well-being and a healthy body weight. Insufficient physical activity, therefore, is a powerful risk factor for a wide range of diseases and health conditions. It is widely prevalent and contributes significantly to burdens of disease and cost. It is detectable and reducible in individuals and groups.

scholarly journals How many calories do nurses burn at work? A real-time study of nurses’ energy expenditure

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 488-497
Author(s):  
Julia Allan ◽  
Klaudia Sadko ◽  
Cheryl Bell ◽  
Derek Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Working Shift ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Body

BackgroundNurses have high rates of overweight and obesity, and physical inactivity is one key determinant of weight gain.AimsThe present study aims to quantify nurses’ energy expenditure over a standard 12-hour shift to establish whether activity levels at work are too low to maintain a healthy body weight.MethodsWard-based nurses ( n = 96, 90 female, mean age = 36 years, mean experience = 10 years, mean body mass index = 26.6) wore heart rate and physical activity monitors for the duration of one full working shift. Heart rate and activity data were used in combination with demographic information to estimate each nurse’s energy expenditure over 12 hours.ResultsOn average, nurses burned 2.12 kcals per minute while at work, equating to 1521 kcals/6364 kJ ( SD = 403 kcals/1686 kJ) per 12-hour shift. Energy expenditure over 12 hours varied markedly between nurses (from 812 kcals/3397 kJ to 3005 kcals/12,573 kJ) but was sufficient in 72% of participants (assuming minimal resting levels of energy expenditure for the 12 hours not at work) to burn off a daily calorie intake of 2000 kcals.ConclusionsThree-quarters of nurses expend more energy on working days than is required to maintain a healthy body weight if dietary intake does not exceed recommended levels.

scholarly journals Usual dietary energy density distribution is associated with excess body weight in Mexican children (130.3)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Aburto ◽  
Alejandra Cantoral ◽  
Lucia Hérnandez‐Barrera ◽  
Alicia Carriquiry ◽  
Juan Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Energy Density Distribution ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Dietary Energy Density

scholarly journals COVID-19-Related Stress and Anxiety, Body Mass Index, Eating Disorder Symptomatology, and Body Image in Women from Poland: A Cluster Analysis Approach

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1384
Author(s):  
Kamila Czepczor-Bernat ◽  
Viren Swami ◽  
Adriana Modrzejewska ◽  
Justyna Modrzejewska
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Drive For Thinness ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Healthy Body

To limit the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), many countries have introduced mandated lockdown or social distancing measures. Although these measures may be successful against COVID-19 transmission, the pandemic and attendant restrictions are a source of chronic and severe stress and anxiety which may contribute to the emergence or worsening of symptoms of eating disorders and the development of negative body image. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to: (1) classify different conditions associated with COVID-19-related stress, COVID-19-related anxiety, and weight status; and (2) analyze and compare the severity of dimensions typically related to eating disorders symptomatology and body image in individuals with different COVID-19-related stress, COVID-19-related anxiety, and weight status. Polish women (N = 671, Mage = 32.50 ± 11.38) completed measures of COVID-19-related stress and anxiety along with body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and bulimia symptomatology subscales of the Eating Disorders Inventory, and the appearance evaluation, overweight preoccupation, and body areas satisfaction subscales of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire. The following four clusters were identified through cluster analysis: (a) Cluster 1 (N = 269), healthy body weight and low COVID-related stress (M = 3.06) and anxiety (M = 2.96); (b) Cluster 2 (N = 154), healthy body weight and high COVID-related stress (M = 5.43) and anxiety (M = 5.29); (c) Cluster 3 (N = 127), excess body weight and high COVID-related stress (M = 5.23) and anxiety (M = 5.35); (d) Cluster 4 (N = 121), excess body weight and low COVID-related stress (M = 2.69) and anxiety (M = 2.83). Our results showed that Clusters 3 and 4 had significantly greater body dissatisfaction and lower appearance evaluation and body areas satisfaction than Clusters 1 and 2. Cluster 3 also had a significantly higher level of drive for thinness, bulimia, and overweight preoccupation than Clusters 1 and 2. These preliminary findings may mean that the COVID-19 pandemic and attendant anxiety and stress caused by the pandemic are exacerbating symptoms of eating disorders and negative body image, with women with excess weight particularly at risk.

scholarly journals Excess Body Weight and Gallstone Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Caroline Sarah Stokes ◽  
Frank Lammert
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Symptomatic Gallstones

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Approximately one fifth of adults are diagnosed with gallstones worldwide. Of these, around 25% develop gallstone disease (indicated by the presence of symptoms) and undergo cholecystectomy. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> The risk of gallstones is influenced by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, such as excess body weight. In fact, body mass has been demonstrated to be a major risk factor for symptomatic gallstones. Rapid weight loss can also initiate a prolithogenic state and further increase the likelihood of either gallstone formation or existing gallstones becoming symptomatic; however, sensible weight loss strategies can mitigate this risk. This review discusses the role of excess body weight and the risk of gallstone disease, as well as the options available for the prevention of symptomatic gallstones. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> Healthy weight loss diets combined with regular physical activity can promote successful weight loss and weight maintenance and reduce the risk of gallstones. Should rapid weight loss be required for health reasons or be expected, e.g., after bariatric surgery, prophylactic ursodeoxycholic acid during the period of weight reduction has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of gallstones formation or symptomatic gallstone occurrence. The recent German guidelines on gallstones recommend simultaneous cholecystectomy during bariatric surgery but only for those with preexisting symptomatic stones.

How to Maintain a Healthy Body Weight

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrup
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Body

The epidemic of both obesity and type 2 diabetes is due to environmental factors, but the individuals developing the conditions possess a strong genetic predisposition. Observational surveys and intervention studies have shown that excess body fatness is the major environmental cause of type 2 diabetes, and that even a minor weight loss can prevent its development in high-risk subjects. Maintenance of a healthy body weight in susceptible individuals requires 45–60 minutes physical activity daily, a fat-reduced diet with plenty of fruit, vegetables, whole grain, and lean meat and dairy products, and moderate consumption of calorie containing beverages. The use of table values to predict the glycemic index of meals is of little – if any – value, and the role of a low-glycemic index diet for body weight control is controversial. The replacement of starchy carbohydrates with protein from lean meat and lean dairy products enhances satiety, and facilitate weight control. It is possible that dairy calcium also promotes weight loss, although the mechanism of action remains unclear. A weight loss of 5–10% can be induced in almost all obese patients providing treatment is offered by a professional team consisting of a physician and dieticians or nurses trained to focus on weight loss and maintenance. Whereas increasing daily physical activity and regular exercise does not significantly effect the rate of weight loss in the induction phase, it plays an important role in the weight maintenance phase due to an impact on daily energy expenditure and also to a direct enhancement of insulin sensitivity.

Obesity and Food Away from Home: What Drives the Socioeconomic Gradient in Excess Body Weight?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Strupat ◽  
Gabriela Farfan ◽  
Laura Moritz ◽  
Mario Negre ◽  
Renos Vakis
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Food Away From Home ◽  
Socioeconomic Gradient
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