scholarly journals Excess Body Weight and Gallstone Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Caroline Sarah Stokes ◽  
Frank Lammert
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Symptomatic Gallstones

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Approximately one fifth of adults are diagnosed with gallstones worldwide. Of these, around 25% develop gallstone disease (indicated by the presence of symptoms) and undergo cholecystectomy. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> The risk of gallstones is influenced by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, such as excess body weight. In fact, body mass has been demonstrated to be a major risk factor for symptomatic gallstones. Rapid weight loss can also initiate a prolithogenic state and further increase the likelihood of either gallstone formation or existing gallstones becoming symptomatic; however, sensible weight loss strategies can mitigate this risk. This review discusses the role of excess body weight and the risk of gallstone disease, as well as the options available for the prevention of symptomatic gallstones. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> Healthy weight loss diets combined with regular physical activity can promote successful weight loss and weight maintenance and reduce the risk of gallstones. Should rapid weight loss be required for health reasons or be expected, e.g., after bariatric surgery, prophylactic ursodeoxycholic acid during the period of weight reduction has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of gallstones formation or symptomatic gallstone occurrence. The recent German guidelines on gallstones recommend simultaneous cholecystectomy during bariatric surgery but only for those with preexisting symptomatic stones.

Predictive factors of excess body weight loss 1 year after laparoscopic bariatric surgery

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1744-1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Ortega ◽  
Rosa Morínigo ◽  
Lilliam Flores ◽  
Violeta Moize ◽  
Martin Rios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery

Energy Balance, Exercise, and Cancer Risk

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine B Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Weight

Excess body weight is a risk factor for most cancers. Furthermore, obesity is associated with worsened prognosis after a cancer diagnosis and negatively affects the delivery of systemic therapy, contributes to morbidity of cancer treatment, and may raise the risk of second malignancies and comorbidities. However, an obesity paradox may be occurring in patients with cancer; this paradox has been observed when cancer patients with an elevated body mass index (BMI) have improved survival compared with normal-weight patients, and this has been observed in a variety of cancer patients. The reliance on BMI as a measure of body fatness has limitations in the cancer population; hence, the use of tools that directly measure body fat may be more predictive of cancer risk. Despite public health recommendations for achieving and maintaining a healthy weight for cancer prevention and survivorship, few studies have evaluated the effect of intentional body weight loss on cancer risk, although the evidence is suggestive of a relationship. Future research needs to elucidate if weight loss after a cancer diagnosis decreases the risk of recurrence and mortality, and if so, how much weight loss is needed. This review contains 4 figures, 1 table and 65 references Key words: body weight, cancer, interventions, lifestyle, morbidity, mortality, obesity, prevention, risk, sedentary, survivorship, weight loss

Medical weight loss versus bariatric surgery: Does method affect body composition and weight maintenance after 15% reduction in body weight?

Nutrition ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle G. Kulovitz ◽  
Deborah Kolkmeyer ◽  
Carole A. Conn ◽  
Deborah A. Cohen ◽  
Robert T. Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Medical Weight Loss

What Happens to Patients who Do Not Follow-Up after Bariatric Surgery?

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Harper ◽  
Atul K. Madan ◽  
Craig A. Ternovits ◽  
David S. Tichansky
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Preoperative Body Mass Index ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Group B

Loss of follow-up is a concern when tracking long-term clinical outcomes after bariatric surgery. The results of patients who are “lost to follow-up” are not known. After bariatric surgery, the lack of follow-up may result in less weight loss for patients. This study investigated the hypothesis that there are differences between patients who do not automatically return for their annual follow-up and those that do return. Patients who were greater than 14 months postoperative after laparoscopic gastric bypass were contacted if they had not returned for their annual appointment. They were seen in clinic and/or a phone interview was performed for follow-up. These patients (Group A) were compared with patients who returned to see us for their annual appointment (Group B) without us having to notify them. There were 105 consecutive patients, with 48 patients who did not automatically return for their annual appointment. Only six of these patients could not ultimately be contacted. There was no difference in preoperative body mass index between the two groups. Percentage excess body weight loss was greater in Group B (76 vs 65%; P < 0.003). More patients had successful weight loss (defined as within 50% of ideal body weight) in Group B (50 [88%] vs 28 [67%]; P < 0.02). We found that a significant number of patients will not comply with regular follow-up care after laparoscopic gastric bypass unless they are prompted to do so by their bariatric clinic. These patients have worse clinical outcome ( i.e., less weight loss). Caution should be taken when examining the results of any bariatric study where there is a significant loss to follow-up.

scholarly journals Excess Body Weight Loss is Associated with Nonpathological Gait Patterns in Women 4 to 5 Years After Bariatric Surgery

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Froehle ◽  
Richard T. Laughlin ◽  
Donovan D. Teel ◽  
Richard J. Sherwood ◽  
Dana L. Duren
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Gait Patterns

scholarly journals Effect of Mixed Nuts on Body Weight and Composition, and Gut Microbiome (P08-054-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih Lung Woo ◽  
Dina Ben-Nissan ◽  
Zahra Ezzat-Zadeh ◽  
Jieping Yang ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Tree Nuts

Abstract Objectives This study was designed to assess the effects of mixed nut consumption on body weight and composition, and gut microbiome in obese individuals. Primary outcome was change in body weight and composition. Secondary outcomes include gut microbiome composition, inflammatory markers, and plasma lipids. Methods The reported results are from an interim analysis (n = 50) of a randomized, placebo controlled, parallel study. Total enrollment target is 154 overweight/obese subjects (BMI 27–35 kg/m2). Participants were randomly assigned to consume either 1.5oz mixed tree nuts or pretzels with equal calorie content daily for 24 weeks. The study included a 12-week weight loss phase (500 kcal per day less than total daily energy expenditure), followed by a 12-week weight maintenance phase. Body composition, fasting blood, and stool samples were collected at baseline, week 12 and 24. Body composition, and vitals were analyzed, whereas plasma lipid profile, fecal microbiome, and microbiome metabolites analysis is still pending. Results At week 12, subjects from both the pretzel (n = 15, 10 dropouts; P = 0.009) and nut group (n = 22, 3 dropouts; P = 0.038) lost significant amount of weight. The trend of weight changes did not differ between groups (P = 0.530). Subjects from both groups were able to sustain weight loss through 24 weeks (pretzel: 81.43 ± 3.85 kg at baseline vs. 79.43 ± 4.08 kg at week 24, P = 0.028; nut: 84.26 ± 3.78 kg at baseline vs. 82.38 ± 3.72 kg at week 24, P = 0.026). At week 12, fat mass in both groups was significantly decreased (pretzel: P = 0.002; nut: P = 0.012). The trend of fat changes did not differ between groups (P = 0.547). Subjects from both groups were able to sustain fat loss through 24 weeks (pretzel: 30.84 ± 1.75 kg at baseline vs. 29.25 ± 2.12 kg at week 24, P = 0.024; nut: 31.51 ± 1.56 kg vs 30.21 ± 1.81 kg at week 24, P = 0.04). Muscle mass, and blood pressure were not significantly different between both groups. Conclusions Our data suggested that tree nuts could be consumed as part of a healthy weight loss meal plan without concern of causing weight gain. Further analysis of the remaining samples is needed to confirm results. Due to higher dropouts in the pretzel group, future intention-to-treat analysis is also needed to eliminate bias. Funding Sources This study is supported by the International Tree Nut Council.

scholarly journals Session 3 (Joint with the British Dietetic Association): Management of obesity Weight-loss interventions in the treatment of obesity

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Hankey
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Weight Losses

Treatments to induce weight loss for the obese patient centre on the achievement of negative energy balance. This objective can theoretically be attained by interventions designed to achieve a reduction in energy intake and/or an increase in energy expenditure. Such ‘lifestyle interventions’ usually comprise one or more of the following strategies: dietary modification; behaviour change; increases in physical activity. These interventions are advocated as first treatment steps in algorithms recommended by current clinical obesity guidelines. Medication and surgical treatments are potentially available to those unable to implement ‘lifestyle interventions’ effectively by achieving losses of between 5 kg and 10 kg. It is accepted that the minimum of 5% weight loss is required to achieve clinically-meaningful benefits. Dietary treatments differ widely. Successful weight loss is most often associated with quantification of energy intake rather than macronutrient composition. Most dietary intervention studies secure a weight loss of between 5 kg and 10 kg after intervention for 6 months, with gradual weight regain at 1 year where weight changes are 3–4 kg below the starting weight. Some dietary interventions when evaluated at 2 and 4 years post intervention report the effects of weight maintenance rather than weight loss. Specific anti-obesity medications are effective adjuncts to weight loss, in most cases doubling the weight loss of those given dietary advice only. Greater physical activity alone increases energy expenditure by insufficient amounts to facilitate clinically-important weight losses, but is useful for weight maintenance. Weight losses of between half and three-quarters of excess body weight are seen at 10 years post intervention with bariatric surgery, making this arguably the most effective weight-loss treatment.

scholarly journals Clustering of Excess Body Weight-Related Behaviors in a Sample of Brazilian Adolescents

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica de Souza Dantas ◽  
Michel dos Santos ◽  
Luiz Lopes ◽  
Dartagnan Guedes ◽  
Macksuelle Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Reference Cluster

The aim of the study was to identify the existence of clusters in multiple lifestyle behaviors, including consumption of fruits/vegetables, sugary products/soft drinks, physical activity and sedentary behavior. The association between identified clusters and excess body weight in a sample of adolescents from Dourados, Brazil, was examined. This is a cross-sectional school-based study involving 578 participants aged 12–18 of both sexes. Anthropometric measurements were performed and a questionnaire was applied with structured questions to collect data. Excess body weight was identified through body mass index. Cluster analysis was performed to identify sex-specific clusters of multiple lifestyle behaviors. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression were used to analyze associations between clusters and excess body weight. Six clusters were identified in both sexes. Girls and boys in the cluster characterized by greater time spent in sedentary behavior were 53% (OR = 1.53 [1.06–2.26]) and 63% (OR = 1.63 [1.12–2.35]) more likely to present excess body weight compared to their peers in the reference cluster. In the case of adolescents in the cluster characterized by high consumption of sugary products/soft drinks, girls were 47% more likely to be overweight (OR = 1.47 [1.05–2.13]) and boys were 51% more likely (OR = 1.51 [1.05–2.16]). High consumption of fruits/vegetables, low consumption of sugary products/soft drinks and less sedentary behavior was considered the most effective combination for the maintenance of a healthy weight.

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