Is the USSR dead? Experience from the financial and economic crisis of 2008–2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Golovnin ◽  
Alexander Libman ◽  
Daria Ushkalova ◽  
Alexandra Yakusheva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Former Soviet Republics ◽  
Economic Linkages

The paper examines the economic linkages between the post-Soviet states from the point of view of the financial and economic crisis of 2008–2009. It aims to find out whether the interdependence between the countries of the former Soviet Union is still large enough that crises in individual countries affect the economic development in the neighboring states, and assesses the impact of the crisis itself on the linkages between the former Soviet republics. The evidence is mixed: while some channels of interdependence deteriorated over the last decade, others became more important, and some were even strengthened by the crisis itself.

scholarly journals Tourism Competitiveness and Sustainability Indicators in the Context of Surf Tourism: The Case of Cape Town

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7238
Author(s):  
Roberto Martín-González ◽  
Kamilla Swart ◽  
Ana-María Luque-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sport Tourism ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Multiple Issues ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
Active Sport

Sport tourism has experienced considerable growth in the last decades, either from the sport events perspective or considering an active sport tourism approach. Therefore, some emergent market niches like surf tourism have been developed in numerous coastal destinations to attract sustainability-sensitive tourists due to the ongoing environmental challenges and the socio-economic crisis. Cape Town is positioned in a prominent place in terms of competitiveness, with a considerable variety of beaches and surf spots facing multiple issues. The aim of this study is to try to identify the most competitive beaches and subdistricts in terms of sustainability and to suggest criteria for surf-tourism-related indicators to obtain an overview about this space, using weighting indicators, and applying geography and political economy lenses. The results reveal that Strand, Table View, and Surfers’ Corner are the most competitive beaches. Additionally, beaches located in some underprivileged areas such as Mitchells Plain and Khayelitsha are potentially interesting from a socio-economic development point of view, although they show a lack of accommodation infrastructures. These results seem to indicate that those areas should be closely monitored, and destination managers should focus their attention and finance there to obtain a more sustainable surf tourism development.

Multiple identities of Jewish immigrant adolescents from the former Soviet Union: An exploration of salience and impact of ethnic identity

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Birman ◽  
Irena Persky ◽  
Wing Yi Chan
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Jewish Immigrant ◽  
Immigrant Adolescents ◽  
Adolescent Immigrants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Jewish Adolescents

The current paper explores the salience and impact of ethnic and national identities for immigrants that are negotiating more than two cultures. Specifically, we were interested in the ways in which Jewish immigrant adolescents from the former Soviet Union integrate their Russian, Jewish, and American identities, and to what extent identification with these three cultures predicts adaptation to varied life domains. In order to examine whether being Jewish has an impact on salience and predictive value of Russian and American identities, a sample of Jewish adolescents (n = 100) was compared with a sample of non-Jewish (n = 113) adolescent immigrants from the former Soviet Union. The study suggests that Jewish and non-Jewish adolescent immigrants differ in levels of Russian and American identity. Further, using structural equation modeling a bicultural model for Jewish and non-Jewish adolescents was tested. The results suggest that these two groups do not differ with respect to how Russian and American identities impact on adjustment. However, adding Jewish identity to the model for the Jewish sample significantly improved model fit, and rendered some of the impact of Russian identity non-significant. Thus a multicultural model that included all three identities had better explanatory power for this sample than a bicultural one. Implications for the study of ethnic identity of immigrants, particularly those whose lives involve multiple cultural affiliations, are drawn.

scholarly journals Comparative legal analysis of the anti-corruption policy in Ukraine and Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (69) ◽  
pp. 91-114
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Zakharova ◽  
Olena Harasymiv ◽  
Olga Sosnina ◽  
Oleksandra Soroka ◽  
Inesa Zaiets
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
International Treaties

Effective counteraction to corruption remains relevant in some countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, given that manifestations of corruption are a real obstacle to the realization of human rights, social justice, economic development and jeopardizes the proper functioning of a market economy. However, if such countries of the region, such as Poland, succeeded in ensuring the implementation of an effective anti-corruption policy, a number of post-Soviet countries, in particular Ukraine, faced significant obstacles to overcoming corruption and effectively implementing national anti-corruption policies. Therefore, within this article, a comparative legal analysis of the anti-corruption legislation of these countries has been carried out. The state of implementation of national anti-corruption policies and the formulated conclusions, which provide answers to the questions of improving the implementation of national anti-corruption policy, in particular Ukraine, are considered. Thus, the existence of modern national anti-corruption legislation that best meets the requirements and recommendations on which the state relies on relevant international treaties can be the key to successful anti-corruption efforts.

scholarly journals Kerrottu ja muisteltu inkerinsuomalaisten paluumuutto

Elore ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna-Liisa Salonsaari
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Work ◽  
Individual Life ◽  
Right Of Return ◽  
The Right ◽  
Unique Part

The remigration of the Ingrian Finns and other ethnic Finns from the territories of the former Soviet Union is a unique part of Finnish history. Ever since the beginning of the right of return established in 1990, about 30 000 returnees and their family members have moved to Finland. According to the amendments of the Aliens Act introduced in July 2011, remigration is supposed to end after the transition period. In her article Salonsaari writes about the narrated and remembered remigration of the Ingrian Finns. She deals with remigration issues through the interviews with two returnees. In her own concept of narrated remigration, she regards the presentations of the remigration experience as narrations, created, for example, within the framework of interviews. Interviews produce individual life stories focused on remigration experience. While analysing them, she discusses what kind of narrations they are and how remigration comes up. Those narrations show that there are different kinds of remigrations and remigration experiences, as well as different ways to narrate them. Narrated remigration includes, for example, meaning, turning points and interpretations on remigration experience. Salonsaari notes that, while listening to remigration narrations, it is possible to understand the returnees’ point of view, which can be used in practical work with the immigrants.

scholarly journals Measuring Economic Development and the Impact of Economic Globalisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-207
Author(s):  
Roukanas Spyros
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Global Political Economy ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Global Economic Crisis ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Globalisation

Abstract The aim of this article is to measure economic development and the impact of economic globalisation under the prism of global political economy. Global political economy is a field of study that has its roots in international relations. The growth of world economic transactions after the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in the 1970s created the need for a new field of study, in order to explain the interdependence between politics and economics on the international level. Global political economy is the field of study that also examines the implications of economic globalisation for national economies and for the global economy. The concept of economic development is broader than economic growth, which is related to GDP growth. The concept of economic globalisation has changed the prospects of economic development for certain developed and developing economies. The main changes of economic globalisation are closely related to the following aspects of national economies: trade, finance, and production. The analysis of this article will reveal the effects of economic globalisation on different aspects of economic development. These aspects are studied under the prism of indexes such as Financial Development Index, openness to trade, Human Development Index, the GINI Index and other inequality indexes. The aftermath of the global economic crisis of 2007-2008 placed at the epicentre the interdependence of national economies and the issue of economic inequalities. The study of the aforementioned indexes will highlight the alterations that have occurred from the manifestation of the global economic crisis until today. The article is focusing on the following countries: China, Germany, Greece, and the United States for the last decade (2009-2019), on the basis of the available data.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review of the Role of Economic Crisis on Health and Healthcare Infrastructure in Three Disparate National Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1252
Author(s):  
David M. Claborn
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Marginalized Populations ◽  
Healthcare Workforce ◽  
National Economies

The collapse of a country’s economy can have significant impacts on the health and healthcare infrastructure of the country. This paper compares the collapse of three national economies from widely separated regions: Venezuela, Zimbabwe, and the countries of the former Soviet Union. Despite significant differences in the environments and cultures of these countries, there are some common variables and outcomes shared by most of the countries including effects on healthcare workforce, disproportionate effects on marginalized populations, and resurgence of certain infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Development of innovation and investment potential of the industrial sector

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Iryna Anatoliivna Markina ◽  
Serhii Mykolaiovych MARCHYSHYNETS
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
System Development ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The main catalyst for effective transformations in the industrial sector of the economy is innovation and investment policy, which aims to increase the potential, namely the capacity of the manufacturing sector of the Ukrainian economy. The innovation and investment potential closely reflect the objectively existing possibility of socio-economic development of the human system. The purpose of the article is to clarify the basic principles and approaches that reflect the innovation and investment potential and the essence of innovation and investment development. Results. The state ideology in the field of innovation and investment policy is considered. A generalization of the concept of “development” of the philosophical point of view is presented. The decisive role of development in understanding the essence of everything is proved. The vector of development in terms of its regressive or progressive manifestation is considered. It is determined that the stages of development are the stages of system change, which include: appearance, upward stage of development, maximal development or maturity, regressive changes or downward stage, disintegration and death. The tendency of differentiation in socio-economic systems is determined. The essence of “becoming” as a stage in the system development is considered. The essence of the system's maturity is revealed. External and internal sources of system development are considered. On the basis of the theoretical generalization, the key properties of the concept of “development” are given: it acts as a form of constant movement forward from simple to complex form; the degree of development is determined by the influence of external and internal factors; the way of development of the system is determined by its basic motives, the degree of recognition by the system of objectively existing reality; development is possible if it’s provided by the quantitative parameters of the end goal; the form of its implementation is cyclical or spiral; analysis of development must be carried out in two directions of research: in the material and spiritual worlds. The definition of “innovation” is given. The essence of scientific and technological progress as a basis of economic development is considered and the vision of leading scientists-economists on this phenomenon is presented. Quantitative estimates of the impact of innovative GDP growth are provided. The quantitative contribution of various factors of economic growth of a market economy is given. Key words: management, enterprise, potential, innovations, investments, innovation and investment develop-ment.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Oil Revenues on the Standard of Living in Oil-Exporting Countries of the Former Soviet Union

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cihan Bulut ◽  
Fakhri Hasanov ◽  
Elchin Suleymanov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Speed Of Adjustment ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Oil Revenues ◽  
The Impact

The aim of our study is to examine the impact of the oil revenues on the standard of living in oil-exporting countries of the former Soviet Union and to make policy suggestions based on the obtained findings. It has been explain that resource dependency adjust the structure of these countries' economies, which leads to income inequality compensation changes in different sectors of the economy. Characteristic of resource- rich of post-Soviet oil exporters countries - Russia, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan have been analyzed. It has been demonstrated that dependency on resources modifies the structure of these countries’ economies, which leads to income inequality based on employment via a mechanism of labor compensation changes in different sectors of the economy. We are going to employ co-integration and error correction methods in our empirical analysis. Is there a long-run relationship between the oil revenues and the standard of living in oil-exporting countries of the former Soviet Union; What is the role of dynamics of the oil revenues in the standard of living in the short run; What is the magnitude of speed of adjustment from the short-run fluctuation towards long-run equilibrium of the system; What is the direction of long- and short-run causality in the oil revenues - standard of living relationship.

scholarly journals Globalized Inclination to Acquire Knowledge and Skills Toward Economic Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 1349-1369
Author(s):  
Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Skills Acquisition ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
E Learning ◽  
The Impact

In an era of economic recession and the divulged threats of COVID-19 pandemic in the world a highly impacting socio-economic activity is the education sector. The operational difficulties of companies and organizations, as well as the closure of universities, schools, training courses, are all affecting the entrepreneurial and the learning progress on using workers time and learners facilities to develop their knowledge and to build up their skills. In particular, free time of institutions’ closure can become a golden opportunity for learning and progresses in virtual education while adopting e-learning modes of information technology (IT) and supporting the distribution of knowledge and information for training and education. Since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak only few studies have been devoted on studying the impact of cultural characteristics, economic situations, skills and knowledge on the development and the wider human wellbeing. At this study the literature production of economic development was investigated in the light of the ignored, but critically important, issue of globalized inclination to acquire knowledge and skills. All essential aspects of economic systems and economic development within the COVID-19 era were approached, quantified, and graphically valuated, in the light of the following fields of literature search: “dynamic economic systems”, “economic development”, “knowledge skills”, and “globalization”. The measurable indicators of comparing these results were that of: chronological, geographical, languages of reports’ written, subject areas, and keywords, accordingly. Besides, the three domains of technology, environment – ecology, and socio-economics were conveyed, while the key-determinants of knowledge and skills acquisition were also analyzed. From a managerial point of view the simultaneous affection of cultural characteristics, economic simulations, skills and knowledge aspects were considered as positive and significant, thus, supporting managers to better understand the necessities of IT development and managing a highly qualified workforce to shift the thread of the COVID-19 era while performing feasible learning management to solidify workers’ education through formal and in-house education.

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