Participation of Jewish Youth in the Schools of Factory Apprenticeship in USSR at the Аnd of the 1920s – at the Beginning of the 1930s

The purpose of the article is to examine the policy of the USSR to attract Jewish youth in the schools of factory apprenticeship (FZU) during the first five-year plan (1928 - 1932), its causes and consequences. The research methodology is based on the analysis of little-known and unknown archival sources of the Komzet organization. Scientific novelty of the work is that this problem has not been studied in Ukrainian Judaism despite wide attention that had been paid to the investigation of Jews education. Conclusions. The author concluded that FZU in the USSR was tasked with both economic and political tasks, as they were obliged to educate not only masters and representatives of junior technical staff, but also conscious, literate, technically qualified workers. Accordingly, the number of FZU and students who studied there grew from year to year in the USSR and Ukrainian SSR. The fastest speed of growing demonstrated FZU established in the heavy industry and transport. The process of recruiting Jewish youths to FZU has been somewhat chaotic due to objective and subjective reasons, including high plans to recruit those wishing to study in apprenticeship schools, imposing students on enterprises despite their financial unwillingness to accept them, negligence of some Ukrkomzet employees and representatives of enterprises. As a result, the Soviet government's plans to involve Jewish adolescents to the education in the apprenticeship schools were not always fulfilled. A number of problems were encountered by some teenagers during their trips to these schools and training there, including the non-payment of secondment costs, non-provision of food cards, heavy physical labor, inability to live in other climatic zones for health reasons. It has been proven that technical and vocational education, including FZU schools, has not been very popular among Jewish youth, but in order to find a place in the Soviet society, to find employment and to have certain prospects, many adolescents have finished education, although their number has significantly decreased in the second half of the 1930s.

The association of non-suicidal self-injurious and suicidal behaviors with religiosity in hospitalized Jewish adolescents

Religiosity may be a potent protective factor against self-injurious and suicidal behaviors. However, no previous study has addressed this relationship in adolescent psychiatric population. This study aimed to examine the association between religiosity and non-suicidal self-injurious (NSSI) and suicidal behaviors, among hospitalized Jewish adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study of 60 hospitalized Jewish adolescents in two mental health centers. They were evaluated for religiosity, NSSI, and suicidal behaviors. The following religiosity measures were found to be protective against NSSI: a higher degree of adherence to religious practices (extrinsic measure) (beta = −0.083, p = .006), a higher level of belief in religious principles (intrinsic measure) (beta = −0.063, p = .008) and a self-reported higher religious affinity (χ2 = 7.64, p = .022). The severity of suicidal ideation inversely correlated with the extrinsic measure (standardized beta = −0.2, t = −2.5, p = .015) and with self-reported degree of religious affinity (analysis of variance, F = 3.5, p = .035). History of transition in religious affinity was associated with worse suicidal ideation (3.77 ± 1.8 vs. 2.26 ± 1.99, t = −3.25, p = .004) and with suicide attempts (OR = 3.89 (95% CI: 1.08 – 14.03), p = .004); however, these relationships were mediated by history of abuse. This study provides first evidence of a protective effect of some religiosity measures on NSSI and suicidal behaviors in hospitalized Jewish adolescents.

Exposure to Electronic Media and Its Influenceon Sleep among Jewish and Arab Adolescents

Sleep is important to physical and mental development. Studies show that adolescents suffer from electronic media exposure-related inadequate and non-quality sleep. In Israel, traditional, conserva-tive Arab society is undergoing a modernization process with exposure to the Western lifestyle and Israeli Jewish culture. This comparative cross-sectional study compared electronic media exposure’s impact on sleep in secular Jewish and Arab society in Israel, involving 229 middle and high school adolescents, 118 Arabs and 111 Jews. Research tools were the School Sleep Habits Survey (SSHS) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Jewish adolescents are more exposed to electronic media than are Arab adolescents only during mid-week. Weak but significantcorrelations were found between late night use of electronic media and sleep duration; increased exposure to television (r = -0.17, p = .01), mobile telephone r = -0.21, p = .002), and tablet (r = -0.14, p = .02) related to shorter sleep duration and longer sleep latency mid-week in both groups and later weekend wake-up time. Arab adolescents are sleepier during the day and have more sleep-related behavior problems. As electronic media exposure rises, sleep duration shortens, and sleep time is postponed in both cultures. Exposure to electronic media is higher among Jewish adolescents. Boys sleep longer than girls during the week (a difference of nearly an hour).

Migration - Adoleszenz - Identität

Who are the Jews that are shaping the present and future Jewish community in the Federal Republic? They are the children of the Russian-speaking quota refugees, and their draft identity can be used to measure what the Jewish self-image will look like in Germany. Maja Vataman's study shows the complex identity constructions of the so-called 1.5 generation of Jewish adolescents, who migrated to Germany from their country of origin, the former Soviet Union, during their childhood or early adolescence. Autobiographical narratives and life courses, which the author analyses sequentially using objective hermeneutics and biographical case reconstruction, form the empirical core of this study.

Decision Making during Adolescence: A Comparison of Jewish and Druze Societies

This research compares decision-making between Jewish adolescents and Druze adolescents as it relates to level of autonomy, parents’ involvement and the involvement of peers. This is a pioneering research, which tests existing differences between Jewish and Druze adolescents with regards to the factors influencing their decisions. 243 subjects aged 15-18 participated in this research. Of these subjects 124 were Jews and 119 were Druze; about half of both groups were boys and half were girls. Each subject filled out a self-report questionnaire that was particularly designed with the factors mentioned above in mind and for this research. Although no differences were found between Jewish and Druze adolescents in total degree of autonomy or in parents’ and friends’ involvement in decision-making, the findings partially confirmed research hypotheses.

Kunt, Gergely. 2017. Kamasztükrök – A hosszú negyvenes évek társadalmi képzetei fiatalok naplóiban [‘Multi-Faceted Reflections – The Diaries of Jewish and Non-Jewish Adolescents in Wartime Hungary’]. Budapest: Korall. 456 pp.

Kunt, Gergely. 2017. Kamasztükrök – A hosszú negyvenes évek társadalmi képzetei fiatalok naplóiban [‘Multi-Faceted Reflections – The Diaries of Jewish and Non-Jewish Adolescents in Wartime Hungary’]. Budapest: Korall. 456 pp.

The Roles of Family and Teacher Support in Moderating and Mediating Externalized and Internalized Outcomes of Exposure to Community Violence Among Arab and Jewish Adolescents in Israel

The study examined family and teacher support as factors that can protect adolescents from internalized and externalized problems after exposure to community violence (ECV). Self-administered questionnaires were filled out by a sample of 1,832 Arab and Jewish Israeli high school students. The Arab adolescents reported significantly higher levels of community violence victimization, internalized problems, externalized problems, family support, and teacher support than the Jewish adolescents. The girls reported higher levels of internalized problems, and the boys reported higher levels of externalized problems. ECV predicted high levels of internalized and externalized problems, family support predicted low levels of internalized and externalized problems, and teacher support had no predictive role. Path analysis confirmed the significance of the relationships between ECV effects, support variables, and gender. The limitations of the study and implications of the findings for future research and for the development of family care and family intervention programs are discussed.