scholarly journals Optogenetic stimulation of glutamatergic neuronal activity in the striatum enhances neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of normal and stroke mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 9-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingke Song ◽  
Shan Ping Yu ◽  
Osama Mohamad ◽  
Wenyuan Cao ◽  
Zheng Zachory Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Modification of oxygen consumption and blood flow in mouse somatosensory cortex by cell-type-specific neuronal activity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda Dahlqvist ◽  
Kirsten Thomsen ◽  
Dmitry Postnov ◽  
Martin Lauritzen
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Rhythmic Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Somatosensory Stimulation ◽  
Neuronal Excitation ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Higher Cognitive Functions ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractGamma activity arises from the interplay between pyramidal neurons and fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, is an integral part of higher cognitive functions and is assumed to contribute importantly to brain metabolic responses. Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) responses were evoked by optogenetic stimulation of cortical PV interneurons and pyramidal neurons. We found that CMRO2 responses depended on neuronal activation, but not on the power of gamma activity induced by optogenetic stimulation. This implies that evoked gamma activity per se is not energy demanding. Optogenetic stimulation of PV interneurons during somatosensory stimulation reduced excitatory neuronal activity but did not potentiate O2 consumption as previously hypothesized. In conclusion, our data suggest that activity-driven CMRO2 responses depend on neuronal excitation rather than the cerebral rhythmic activity they induce. Excitation of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons requires energy, but inhibition of cortical excitatory neurons by interneurons does not potentiate activity-driven energy consumption.

scholarly journals Holographic optogenetic stimulation of patterned neuronal activity for vision restoration

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Reutsky-Gefen ◽  
Lior Golan ◽  
Nairouz Farah ◽  
Adi Schejter ◽  
Limor Tsur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Vision Restoration ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Modification of oxygen consumption and blood flow in mouse somatosensory cortex by cell-type-specific neuronal activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 2010-2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda K Dahlqvist ◽  
Kirsten J Thomsen ◽  
Dmitry D Postnov ◽  
Martin J Lauritzen
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Rhythmic Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Somatosensory Stimulation ◽  
Neuronal Excitation ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Higher Cognitive Functions ◽  
Stimulation Of

Gamma activity arising from the interplay between pyramidal neurons and fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV) interneurons is an integral part of higher cognitive functions and is assumed to contribute significantly to brain metabolic responses. Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) responses were evoked by optogenetic stimulation of cortical PV interneurons and pyramidal neurons. We found that CMRO2 responses depended on neuronal activation, but not on the power of gamma activity induced by optogenetic stimulation. This implies that evoked gamma activity per se is not energy demanding. Optogenetic stimulation of PV interneurons during somatosensory stimulation reduced excitatory neuronal activity but did not potentiate O2 consumption as previously hypothesized. In conclusion, our data suggest that activity-driven CMRO2 responses depend on neuronal excitation rather than the cerebral rhythmic activity they induce. Excitation of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons requires energy, but inhibition of cortical excitatory neurons by interneurons does not potentiate activity-driven energy consumption.

scholarly journals Optogenetic stimulation of infralimbic PFC reproduces ketamine’s rapid and sustained antidepressant actions

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (26) ◽  
pp. 8106-8111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manabu Fuchikami ◽  
Alexandra Thomas ◽  
Rongjian Liu ◽  
Eric S. Wohleb ◽  
Benjamin B. Land ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Layer V ◽  
And Function ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Synaptic Responses

Ketamine produces rapid and sustained antidepressant actions in depressed patients, but the precise cellular mechanisms underlying these effects have not been identified. Here we determined if modulation of neuronal activity in the infralimbic prefrontal cortex (IL-PFC) underlies the antidepressant and anxiolytic actions of ketamine. We found that neuronal inactivation of the IL-PFC completely blocked the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of systemic ketamine in rodent models and that ketamine microinfusion into IL-PFC reproduced these behavioral actions of systemic ketamine. We also found that optogenetic stimulation of the IL-PFC produced rapid and long-lasting antidepressant and anxiolytic effects and that these effects are associated with increased number and function of spine synapses of layer V pyramidal neurons. The results demonstrate that ketamine infusions or optogenetic stimulation of IL-PFC are sufficient to produce long-lasting antidepressant behavioral and synaptic responses similar to the effects of systemic ketamine administration.

scholarly journals Incerto-thalamic modulation of fear via GABA and dopamine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Venkataraman ◽  
Sarah C. Hunter ◽  
Maria Dhinojwala ◽  
Diana Ghebrezadik ◽  
JiDong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Regions ◽  
Zona Incerta ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Fear Generalization ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractFear generalization and deficits in extinction learning are debilitating dimensions of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Most understanding of the neurobiology underlying these dimensions comes from studies of cortical and limbic brain regions. While thalamic and subthalamic regions have been implicated in modulating fear, the potential for incerto-thalamic pathways to suppress fear generalization and rescue deficits in extinction recall remains unexplored. We first used patch-clamp electrophysiology to examine functional connections between the subthalamic zona incerta and thalamic reuniens (RE). Optogenetic stimulation of GABAergic ZI → RE cell terminals in vitro induced inhibitory post-synaptic currents (IPSCs) in the RE. We then combined high-intensity discriminative auditory fear conditioning with cell-type-specific and projection-specific optogenetics in mice to assess functional roles of GABAergic ZI → RE cell projections in modulating fear generalization and extinction recall. In addition, we used a similar approach to test the possibility of fear generalization and extinction recall being modulated by a smaller subset of GABAergic ZI → RE cells, the A13 dopaminergic cell population. Optogenetic stimulation of GABAergic ZI → RE cell terminals attenuated fear generalization and enhanced extinction recall. In contrast, optogenetic stimulation of dopaminergic ZI → RE cell terminals had no effect on fear generalization but enhanced extinction recall in a dopamine receptor D1-dependent manner. Our findings shed new light on the neuroanatomy and neurochemistry of ZI-located cells that contribute to adaptive fear by increasing the precision and extinction of learned associations. In so doing, these data reveal novel neuroanatomical substrates that could be therapeutically targeted for treatment of PTSD.

scholarly journals Involvement of MCH-oxytocin neural relay within the hypothalamus in murine nursing behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Kato ◽  
Harumi Katsumata ◽  
Ayumu Inutsuka ◽  
Akihiro Yamanaka ◽  
Tatsushi Onaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractMultiple sequential actions, performed during parental behaviors, are essential elements of reproduction in mammalian species. We showed that neurons expressing melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) are more active in rodents of both sexes when exhibiting parental nursing behavior. Genetic ablation of the LHA-MCH neurons impaired maternal nursing. The post-birth survival rate was lower in pups born to female mice with congenitally ablated MCH neurons under control of tet-off system, exhibiting reduced crouching behavior. Virgin female and male mice with ablated MCH neurons were less interested in pups and maternal care. Chemogenetic and optogenetic stimulation of LHA-MCH neurons induced parental nursing in virgin female and male mice. LHA-MCH GABAergic neurons project fibres to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) neurons. Optogenetic stimulation of PVN induces nursing crouching behavior along with increasing plasma oxytocin levels. The hypothalamic MCH neural relays play important functional roles in parental nursing behavior in female and male mice.

scholarly journals The Subventricular Zone in the Immature Piglet Brain: Anatomy and Exodus of Neuroblasts into White Matter after Traumatic Brain Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A. Costine ◽  
Symeon Missios ◽  
Sabrina R. Taylor ◽  
Declan McGuone ◽  
Colin M. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Ependymal Cells ◽  
Postnatal Neurogenesis ◽  
White Matter Tracts ◽  
Stimulation Of

Stimulation of postnatal neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and robust migration of neuroblasts to the lesion site in response to traumatic brain injury (TBI) is well established in rodent species; however, it is not yet known whether postnatal neurogenesis plays a role in repair after TBI in gyrencephalic species. Here we describe the anatomy of the SVZ in the piglet for the first time and initiate an investigation into the effect of TBI on the SVZ architecture and the number of neuroblasts in the white matter. Among all ages of immaturity examined the SVZ contained a dense mesh network of neurogenic precursor cells (doublecortin+) positioned directly adjacent to the ependymal cells (ventricular SVZ, Vsvz) and neuroblasts organized into chains that were distinct from the Vsvz (abventricular SVZ, Asvz). Though the architecture of the SVZ was similar among ages, the areas of Vsvz and Asvz neuroblast chains declined with age. At postnatal day (PND) 14 the white matter tracts have a tremendous number of individual neuroblasts. In our scaled cortical impact model, lesion size increased with age. Similarly, the response of the SVZ to injury was also age dependent. The younger age groups that sustained the proportionately smallest lesions had the largest SVZ areas, which further increased in response to injury. In piglets that were injured at 4 months of age and had the largest lesions, the SVZ did not increase in response to injury. Similar to humans, swine have abundant gyri and gyral white matter, providing a unique platform to study neuroblasts potentially migrating from the SVZ to the lesioned cortex along these white matter tracts. In piglets injured at PND 7, TBI did not increase the total number of neuroblasts in the white matter compared to uninjured piglets, but redistribution occurred with a greater number of neuroblasts in the white matter of the hemisphere ipsilateral to the injury compared to the contralateral hemisphere. At 7 days after injury, less than 1% of neuroblasts in the white matter were born in the 2 days following injury. These data show that the SVZ in the piglet shares many anatomical similarities with the SVZ in the human infant, and that TBI had only modest effects on the SVZ and the number of neuroblasts in the white matter. Piglets at an equivalent developmental stage to human infants were equipped with the largest SVZ and a tremendous number of neuroblasts in the white matter, which may be sufficient in lesion repair without the dramatic stimulation of neurogenic machinery. It has yet to be determined whether neurogenesis and migrating neuroblasts play a role in repair after TBI and/or whether an alteration of normal migration during active postnatal population of brain regions is beneficial in species with gyrencephalic brains.

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