Mechanical models of the cellular cytoskeletal network for the analysis of intracellular mechanical properties and force distributions: A review

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1375-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Jung Chen ◽  
Chia-Ching Wu ◽  
Fong-Chin Su
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cytoskeletal Network ◽  
Mechanical Models

scholarly journals A Review on Mechanical Models for Cellular Media: Investigation on Material Characterization and Numerical Simulation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3283
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Luo ◽  
Yuxuan Zhu ◽  
Ruizhi Zhang ◽  
Peng Cao ◽  
Qiwen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Constitutive Relationship ◽  
Cell Models ◽  
Mechanical Models ◽  
Mechanical Properties Characterization ◽  
Buffer Structure

Cellular media materials are used for automobiles, aircrafts, energy-efficient buildings, transportation, and other fields due to their light weight, designability, and good impact resistance. To devise a buffer structure reasonably and avoid resource and economic loss, it is necessary to completely comprehend the constitutive relationship of the buffer structure. This paper introduces the progress on research of the mechanical properties characterization, constitutive equations, and numerical simulation of porous structures. Currently, various methods can be used to construct cellular media mechanical models including simplified phenomenological constitutive models, homogenization algorithm models, single cell models, and multi-cell models. This paper reviews current key mechanical models for cellular media, attempting to track their evolution from their inception to their latest development. These models are categorized in terms of their mechanical modeling methods. This paper focuses on the importance of constitutive relationships and microstructure models in studying mechanical properties and optimizing structural design. The key issues concerning this topic and future directions for research are also discussed.

On mechanical models for tendon: addendum and corrigendum

1981 ◽  
Vol 211 (1184) ◽  
pp. 391-392 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Deformation Behaviour ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Mechanical Models ◽  
Tail Tendon ◽  
Bearing Structure ◽  
Published Paper ◽  
Rat Tail ◽  
Western Reserve

The purpose of this note is to comment on some models for the mechanical properties of tendon and to draw attention to a misprint in an earlier paper, Diamant et al , (1972), to which we were contributors. In the study published in 1972 we and our coauthors at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, presented optical and mechanical evidence for a planar zig-zag model of the basic load-bearing structure in rat-tail tendon interpreting the mechanical deformation by the theory of the extensible elastica. Because of an unfortunate misprint in the published paper, the validity of the elastica model has been called into question, and other theories explaining the load deformation behaviour of tendon have been proposed (Lanir 1978; Comninou & Yannas 1976).

scholarly journals Mechanics of Microfilaments Networks: A Cross-Scales Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 553 ◽  
pp. 310-315
Author(s):  
Tong Li ◽  
Yuan Tong Gu ◽  
Bao Cheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Simulation Strategy ◽  
Mechanical Models ◽  
Mechanical Behaviours

The mechanical properties of microfilament networks are systematically summarized at different special scales in this paper. We have presented the mechanical models of single microfilaments and microfilament networks at microscale. By adopting a coarse-grained simulation strategy, the mechanical stability of microfilaments related cellular structures are analysed. Structural analysis is conducted to microfilament networks to understand the stress relaxation under compression. The nanoscale molecular mechanisms of the microfilaments deformation is also summarized from the viewpoint of molecular dynamics simulation. This paper provides the fundaments of multiscale modelling framework for the mechanical behaviours simulation of hierarchical microfilament networks.

Finite Element Analysis’s Discussion of Steel-Concrete

2015 ◽  
Vol 1089 ◽  
pp. 299-302
Author(s):  
Lan Xiang Chen ◽  
De Shen Zhao ◽  
Lei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Pure Bending ◽  
Steel Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Plastic Damage ◽  
Mechanical Models ◽  
Damage Constitutive Model

To analyze the mechanical properties of steel tube filled with steel-reinforced concrete(STSRC), the mechanical models and some related problems of STSRC under different loading ways are proposed for the analysis on the base of finite element software: the concrete plastic damage constitutive model, the contact between steel and the treatment of boundary condition, etc. There are three types of specimen for analysis: short column, long column and pure bending beam. The results indicate that the mechanical models and the relevant technical analysis of STSRC are reasonable, and are beneficial to convergence. The discussed methods can provide a reference for the scholars to study on other composite steel-concrete structures.

scholarly journals Nanobiomechanics of living cells: a review

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 20130055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinju Chen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Surface Design ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Mechanical Models ◽  
Scaffold Materials ◽  
The Right ◽  
Comprehensive Discussion

Nanobiomechanics of living cells is very important to understand cell–materials interactions. This would potentially help to optimize the surface design of the implanted materials and scaffold materials for tissue engineering. The nanoindentation techniques enable quantifying nanobiomechanics of living cells, with flexibility of using indenters of different geometries. However, the data interpretation for nanoindentation of living cells is often difficult. Despite abundant experimental data reported on nanobiomechanics of living cells, there is a lack of comprehensive discussion on testing with different tip geometries, and the associated mechanical models that enable extracting the mechanical properties of living cells. Therefore, this paper discusses the strategy of selecting the right type of indenter tips and the corresponding mechanical models at given test conditions.

Equivalent mechanical models of tuned liquid dampers with different tank geometries

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1088-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Deng ◽  
M. J. Tait
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Effective Mass ◽  
Virtual Work ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Tuned Liquid Damper ◽  
Equivalent Viscous Damping ◽  
Tuned Liquid Dampers ◽  
Mechanical Models ◽  
Sloshing Mode ◽  
Liquid Dampers

This paper focuses on the development of equivalent mechanical models for tuned liquid dampers (TLDs) with rectangular, vertical-cylindrical, horizontal-cylindrical, and hyperboloid (conical) tank shapes under external excitation in the transverse direction. Potential flow theory is utilized to obtain the free-surface response amplitude and the corresponding velocity of the sloshing liquid and Lagrange’s equations are used to determine the generalized properties. Morison’s equation and the virtual work method are used to estimate an equivalent viscous damping ratio based on the screen loss coefficient. The equivalent mechanical properties derived in this paper model the fundamental sloshing mode only and are restricted to small response amplitudes. Subsequently, the equivalent mechanical properties including effective mass, natural frequency, and damping ratio of the TLDs, having different tank geometries, are compared. It is found that the effective mass values for horizontal-cylindrical and hyperboloid TLDs are larger than the effective mass values for vertical-cylindrical and rectangular TLDs. The increased effective mass values for horizontal-cylindrical and hyperboloid TLDs can result in improved tuned liquid damper performance given the same total liquid mass as that of rectangular or vertical-cylindrical TLDs.

Plant and fungal cytomechanics: quantifying and modeling cellular architectureThis review is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Plant Cell Biology.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Geitmann
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Cellular Architecture ◽  
Cellular Morphogenesis ◽  
Mechanical Models ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Biomechanical studies aim at understanding the relationship between the mechanical properties of biological structures and their function. In cytomechanical investigations, this approach is brought down to the scale of cells and subcellular structures. In plant cells and the hyphae of fungi and water molds, interactions between turgor pressure, the cell wall, and the cytoskeleton are considered of primary importance. This review is an overview of how the mechanical properties of these individual features and their interactions have been measured and how the experimental data are used to produce theoretical mechanical models of cellular architecture and dynamics. Several models are discussed, and focusing on the example of tip-growing cells, various approaches to understanding the mechanical aspects of cellular morphogenesis are analyzed.

Towards a benchmark mechanical model for warming permafrost rock slopes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Krautblatter ◽  
Benjamin Jacobs ◽  
Philipp Mamot ◽  
Regina Pläsken ◽  
Riccardo Scandroglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Rock Slope ◽  
Limit Equilibrium ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Rock Slopes ◽  
Permafrost Rock ◽  
Mechanical Models ◽  
Rock Mechanical Properties

<p>This paper discusses mechanical modelling strategies for instable permafrost bedrock. Modelling instable permafrost bedrock is a key requirement to anticipate magnitudes and frequency of rock slope failures in a changing climate but also to forecast the stability of high-alpine infrastructure throughout its lifetime.  </p><p>High-alpine rock faces witness the past and present mechanical limit equilibrium. Rock segments where driving forces exceed resisting forces fall of the cliff often leaving a rock face behind which is just above the limit equilibrium. All significant changes in rock mechanical properties or significant changes in the state of stress will evoke rock instability which often occurs with response times of years to 1000 years. Degrading permafrost will act to alter (i) rock mechanical properties such as compressive and tensile strength, fracture toughness and most likely rock friction, (ii) warming subcero conditions will weaken ice and rock-ice interfaces and (iii) increased cryo- and (iv) hydrostatic pressures are expected. We have performed hundreds of laboratory experiments on different types of rock that show that thawing and warming siginficantly decreases both,  rock and ice-mechanical strength between -5°C and -0.0°C.  Approaches  to calculate cryostatic pressure (ad iii) have been published and are experimentally confirmed. However, the importance and dimension of extreme hydrostatic forces (ad iv) due to perched water above permafrost-affected rocks has been assumed but has not yet been quantitatively recorded.</p><p>This paper presents data and strategies how to obtain relevant (i) rock mechanical parameters (compressive and tensile strength and fracture toughness, lab), (ii) ice- and rock-ice interface mechanical parameters (lab), (iii) cryostatic forces in low-porosity alpine bedrock (lab and field) and (iv) hydrostatic forces in perched water-filled fractures above permafrost (field).</p><p>We demonstrate mechanical models that base on the conceptual assumption of the rock ice mechanical model (Krautblatter et al. 2013) and rely on frozen/unfrozen parameter testing in the lab and field. Continuum mechanical models (no discontinuities) can be used to demonstrate permafrost rock wall destabilization on a valley scale over longer time scales, as exemplified by progressive fjord rock slope failure in the Lateglacial and Holocene. Discontinuum mechanical models including rock fracture patterns can display rock instability induced by permafrost degradation on a singular slope scale, as exemplified for recent a recent ice-supported 10.000 m³ preparing rock at the Zugspitze (D). Discontinuum mechanical models also have capabilities to link permafrost slope stability to structural loading induced by high-alpine infrastructure such as cable cars and mountains huts, as exemplified for the Kitzsteinhorn Cable Car and its anchoring in permafrost rocks (A). </p><p>Over longer time scales, the polycyclicity of hydro- and cryostatic forcing as well as material fatigue play an important role. We also introduce a mechanical approach to quantify cryo-forcing related rock-fatigue. This paper shows benchmark approaches to develop mechanical models based on a rock-ice mechanical model for degrading permafrost rock slopes.</p>

scholarly journals Multiscale Mechanical Simulations of Cell Compacted Collagen Gels

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maziar Aghvami ◽  
V. H. Barocas ◽  
E. A. Sander
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Collagen Gel ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Collagen Gels ◽  
Ecm Remodeling ◽  
Engineered Tissues ◽  
Mechanical Models

Engineered tissues are commonly stretched or compressed (i.e., conditioned) during culture to stimulate extracellular matrix (ECM) production and to improve the mechanical properties of the growing construct. The relationships between mechanical stimulation and ECM remodeling, however, are complex, interdependent, and dynamic. Thus, theoretical models are required for understanding the underlying phenomena so that the conditioning process can be optimized to produce functional engineered tissues. Here, we continue our development of multiscale mechanical models by simulating the effect of cell tractions on developing isometric tension and redistributing forces in the surrounding fibers of a collagen gel embedded with explants. The model predicted patterns of fiber reorganization that were similar to those observed experimentally. Furthermore, the inclusion of cell compaction also changed the distribution of fiber strains in the gel compared to the acellular case, particularly in the regions around the cells where the highest strains were found.

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