A New Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Capsule Network and Markov Transition Field/Gramian Angular Field

Compared to time-consuming and unreliable manual analysis, intelligent fault diagnosis techniques using deep learning models can improve the accuracy of intelligent fault diagnosis with their multi-layer nonlinear mapping capabilities. This paper proposes a model to perform fault diagnosis and classification by using a time series of vibration sensor data as the input. The model encodes the raw vibration signal into a two-dimensional image and performs feature extraction and classification by a deep convolutional neural network or improved capsule network. A fault diagnosis technique based on the Gramian Angular Field (GAF), the Markov Transition Field (MTF), and the Capsule Network is proposed. Experiments conducted on a bearing failure dataset from Case Western Reserve University investigated the impact of two coding methods and different network structures on the diagnosis accuracy. The results show that the GAF technique retains more complete fault characteristics, while the MTF technique contains a small number of fault characteristics but more dynamic characteristics. Therefore, the proposed method incorporates GAF images and MTF images as a dual-channel image input to the capsule network, enabling the network to obtain a more complete fault signature. Multiple sets of experiments were conducted on the bearing fault dataset at Case Western Reserve University, and the Capsule Network in the proposed model has an advantage over other convolutional neural networks and performs well in the comparison of fault diagnosis methods proposed by other researchers.

Reviewer Acknowledgements

Reviewer AcknowledgementsInternational Journal of Contemporary Education (IJCE) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJCE publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 4, Number 2 Ahmad Suradi, State Islamic Institute of Bengkulu, IndonesiaAurora Q. Pestano, University of San Jose Recoletos, PhilippinesAziz Moummou, Ministry of Education, MoroccoBožić-Lenard Dragana, University of Osijek Croatia, CroatiaBruna Gabriela Augusto Marçal Vieira, CEFET-MG, BrazilCarme Pinya, University of Balearic Islands, SpainEdward Bolden, Case Western Reserve University, USAFederica Cornali, University of Turin, ItalyGiuseppe Maugeri, University of Urbino, ItalyGraziano Serragiotto, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, ItalyIvan Lenard, Elementary School Ladimirevci, CroatiaSuriadi Samsuri, Institute of Islamic Religion Sultan Muhammad Syafiuddin Sambas, IndonesiaTeresa Pozo-Rico, University of Alicante, SpainVassiliki Pliogou, Metropolitan College of Thessaloniki, Greece William OscarEditorial AssistantInternational Journal of Contemporary Education------------------------------------------------------------Redfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USATel: 1-503-828-0536 ext. 509Fax: 1-503-828-0537E-mail 1: [email protected] 2: [email protected]: http://ijce.redfame.com

Engineering and Preclinical Evaluation of Western Reserve Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Expressing A167Y Mutant Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase

Viral replication of thymidine kinase deleted (tk−) vaccinia virus (VV) is attenuated in resting normal cells, enabling cancer selectivity, however, replication potency of VV-tk− appears to be diminished in cancer cells. Previously, we found that wild-type herpes simplex virus (HSV)-tk (HSV-tk) disappeared in most of the recombinant VV after multiple screenings, and only a few recombinant VV containing naturally mutated HSV-tk remained stable. In this study, VV-tk of western reserve (WR) VV was replaced by A167Y mutated HSV-tk (HSV-tk418m), to alter nucleoside selectivity from broad spectrum to purine exclusive selectivity. WOTS-418 remained stable after numerous passages. WOTS-418 replication was significantly attenuated in normal cells, but cytotoxicity was almost similar to that of wild type WR VV in cancer cells. WOTS-418 showed no lethality following a 5 × 108 PFU intranasal injection, contrasting WR VV, which showed 100% lethality at 1 × 105 PFU. Additionally, ganciclovir (GCV) but not BvdU inhibited WOTS-418 replication, confirming specificity to purine nucleoside analogs. The potency of WOTS-418 replication inhibition by GCV was > 10-fold higher than that of our previous truncated HSV-tk recombinant OTS-412. Overall, WOTS-418 demonstrated robust oncolytic efficacy and pharmacological safety which may delegate it as a candidate for future clinical use in OV therapy.