Maternal plasma n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy and features of fetal health: Fetal growth velocity, birth weight and duration of pregnancy

Nina H. Grootendorst-van Mil; Henning Tiemeier; Jolien Steenweg-de Graaff; Berthold Koletzko; Hans Demmelmair; Vincent W.V. Jaddoe; Eric A.P. Steegers; Régine P.M. Steegers-Theunissen

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2017.06.010

Gestation length and birth weight in relation to intake of marine n-3 fatty acids

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19950042 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 397-404 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Sjúrđur F.Olsen* ◽

Harald S. Hansen ◽

Niels J. Secher ◽

Benny Jensen ◽

Brittmarie Sandström

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Growth Rate ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Population Based ◽

Gestation Length ◽

Fatty Acid Intake ◽

The One ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire ◽

Duration Of Pregnancy

It has been hypothesized that marine n-3 fatty acids ingested during pregnancy prolong duration of pregnancy and increase fetal growth rate in humans. By a combined self-administered questionnaire and interview applied in the 30th week of gestation we assessed dietary intake of marine n-3 fatty acids and energy in a population-based sample of 965 pregnant Danish women; in a random 14% subsample we also measured marine n-3 fatty acids relative to arachidonic acid (FA-ratio) in erythrocytes. Mean intake of marine n-3 fatty acids was 0·25 (95% range 0–0·75) g/d. We could detect no association between n-3 fatty acid intake and FA-ratio on the one hand, and gestation length, birth weight and birth length on the other. The analyses were adjusted for maternal height, prepregnant weight, parity and smoking. The conclusion from the study was that within the intake range of this population, marine n-3 fatty acids ingested in the weeks prior to the 30th week of pregnancy seem not to be a predictor of gestation length or fetal growth rate.

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The effect of feeding salmon oil to sows throughout pregnancy on pre-weaning mortality of piglets

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s135772980005846x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 489-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

J.A. Rooke ◽

A.G. Sinclair ◽

S.A. Edwards ◽

R. Cordoba ◽

S. Pkiyach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Gestation Length ◽

Nutritional Study ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

And Performance ◽

Long Chain

AbstractSalmon oil (16·5 kg /t), a source of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids, was included in diets offered to multiparous sows during pregnancy and lactation to measure responses in pre-weaning mortality and performance of piglets in two studies. The first study, carried out under commercial conditions, included 196 sows which were offered salmon oil and control diets from immediately post service until weaning. The same diets were also offered to 10 sows per treatment from day 58 of pregnancy in a controlled nutritional study which measured the effects of salmon oil on piglet tissue fatty acid composition. Offering salmon oil to the sow significantly increased gestation length and decreased individual piglet birth weight but had no effect on litter size at birth. Overall, salmon oil reduced pre-weaning mortality from 11·7% to 10·2% mainly by reducing the incidence of deaths from crushing by the sow. More detailed analysis of mortality using a general linear mixed model and 2294 piglet records, demonstrated that the incidence of pre-weaning mortality was significantly decreased with increasing individual piglet birth weight and by inclusion of salmon oil in the diet; the incidence of mortality increased with average piglet birth weight in a litter. Salmon oil inclusion had no effect on weight of litter weaned, sow lactation food intake or subsequent reproductive performance. In both studies, dietary salmon oil increased the proportions of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in colostrum to a similar extent. In the nutritional study, inclusion of salmon oil reduced the proportions of 20: 4 n-6 in piglet liver and brain at birth and increased the proportions of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, despite reducing piglet birth weight, offering sows salmon oil reduced pre-weaning mortality of piglets. The nutritional study showed that the amount and type of marine oil used may not have been optimal.

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The Presence of the d3-Growth Hormone Receptor Polymorphism Is Negatively Associated with Fetal Growth but Positively Associated with Postnatal Growth in Healthy Subjects

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2007-0176 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 92 (7) ◽

pp. 2758-2763 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Rikke Beck Jensen ◽

Signe Vielwerth ◽

Torben Larsen ◽

Gorm Greisen ◽

Henrik Leffers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Growth Velocity ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Postnatal Growth ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Prenatal Growth ◽

Ghr Gene

Abstract Context: A common polymorphism in the GH receptor (GHR) gene has been linked to increased growth response in GH-treated patients. No former study has focused on the association to prenatal growth. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between the d3-GHR isoforms and spontaneous pre- and postnatal growth. Design: A prospective study was conducted on third-trimester fetal growth velocity (FGV), birth weight, birth length, and postnatal growth. Setting: The study was conducted at Copenhagen University Hospital. Participants: A total of 115 healthy adolescents were divided into those born small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age with or without intrauterine growth restriction. Main Outcome Measures: FGV was measured by serial ultrasonography, birth weight, birth length, and adolescent height. Isoforms of the d3-GHR gene (fl/fl, d3/fl, and d3/d3) were determined. Results: The prevalence of the d3-GHR isoforms was 50% but differed among the groups (P = 0.006), with a high prevalence (88%) in the group born SGA with verified intrauterine growth restriction. The d3-GRH allele were associated with decreased third-trimester FGV (P = 0.05) in SGA subjects. In the entire cohort, carriers of the d3-GHR allele had a significantly increased height (−0.10 vs. 0.34 sd score; P = 0.017) and change in height from birth to adolescence compared with carriers of the full-length GHR allele (0.57 vs. −0.02 sd score; P = 0.005). Conclusions: This study showed an increased spontaneous postnatal growth velocity in the carriers of the d3-GHR allele. Interestingly, we found the opposite effect on prenatal growth in the SGA group, with a decreased FGV in carriers of the d3-GHR allele.

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Maternal plasma phosphatidylcholine polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy and offspring growth and adiposity

Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids ◽

10.1016/j.plefa.2017.05.006 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 121 ◽

pp. 21-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jonathan Y. Bernard ◽

Mya-Thway Tint ◽

Izzuddin M. Aris ◽

Ling-Wei Chen ◽

Phaik Ling Quah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Maternal Plasma ◽

Offspring Growth

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67 RELATIONSHIPS OF POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (PUFA) IN COLOSTRUM TO PUFA IN MATERNAL PLASMA AND ERYTHROCYTE LIPIDS.

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition ◽

10.1097/00005176-199605000-00080 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 426

Author(s):

C. Agostoni ◽

E. Riva ◽

F. Marangoni ◽

P. Risè ◽

R. Bellù ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Maternal Plasma ◽

Erythrocyte Lipids

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The Association of Prenatal Exposure to Perfluorinated Chemicals with Maternal Essential and Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and the Birth Weight of Their Offspring: The Hokkaido Study

Environmental Health Perspectives ◽

10.1289/ehp.1408834 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 123 (10) ◽

pp. 1038-1045 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Reiko Kishi ◽

Tamie Nakajima ◽

Houman Goudarzi ◽

Sachiko Kobayashi ◽

Seiko Sasaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Prenatal Exposure ◽

Perfluorinated Chemicals ◽

Long Chain

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Plasma Phospholipid n-3/n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Desaturase Activities in Relation to Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity through Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Study within the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12113544 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3544

Author(s):

Liwei Chen ◽

Yeyi Zhu ◽

Zhe Fei ◽

Stefanie N. Hinkle ◽

Tong Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Desaturase Activity ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Plasma Phospholipid ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Maternal Plasma ◽

Dietary Factors

Maternal plasma phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play critical roles in maternal health and fetal development. Beyond dietary factors, maternal moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has been linked to multiple health benefits for both the mother and offspring, but studies investigating the influence of maternal MVPA on maternal PUFA profile are scarce. The objective of present study was to examine the time-specific and prospective associations of MVPA with plasma PUFA profile among pregnant women. This study included 321 participants from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies–Singletons cohort. Maternal plasma phospholipid PUFAs and MPVA were measured at four visits during pregnancy (10–14, 15–26, 23–31, and 33–39 gestational weeks (GW)). Associations of maternal MVPA with individual plasma PUFAs and desaturase activity were examined using generalized linear models. Maternal MVPA was associated inversely with plasma phospholipid linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and Δ6-desaturase in late pregnancy (23–31 or 33–39 GW), independent of maternal age, race, education, parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and dietary factors. Findings from this longitudinal study indicate that maternal habitual MVPA may play a role on PUFAs metabolism, particular by alerting plasma n-6 subclass and desaturase activity in late pregnancy. These associations are novel and merit confirmation in future studies.

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Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation, Pro-Resolving Mediators, and Clinical Outcomes in Maternal-Infant Pairs

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11010098 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 98 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tara M. Nordgren ◽

Ann Anderson Berry ◽

Matthew Van Ormer ◽

Samuel Zoucha ◽

Elizabeth Elliott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Maternal Plasma ◽

Fatty Acid Intake ◽

Resolvin D1 ◽

Fetal Health ◽

Acid Intake ◽

Cord Plasma ◽

Risk Pregnancy

Omega (n)-3 fatty acids are vital to neonatal maturation, and recent investigations reveal n-3 fatty acids serve as substrates for the biosynthesis of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPM) that have anti-inflammatory and immune-stimulating effects. The role SPM play in the protection against negative maternal-fetal health outcomes is unclear, and there are no current biomarkers of n-3 fatty acid sufficiency. We sought to ascertain the relationships between n-3 fatty acid intake, SPM levels, and maternal-fetal health outcomes. We obtained n-3 fatty acid intake information from 136 mothers admitted for delivery using a food frequency questionnaire and measured docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived SPMs resolvin D1 (RvD1) and RvD2 in maternal and cord plasma. We found significantly elevated SPM in maternal versus cord plasma, and increased SPM levels were associated with at-risk outcomes. We also identified that increased DHA intake was associated with elevated maternal plasma RvD1 (p = 0.03; R2 = 0.18) and RvD2 (p = 0.04; R2 = 0.20) in the setting of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. These findings indicate that increased n-3 fatty acid intake may provide increased substrate for the production of SPM during high-risk pregnancy/delivery conditions, and that increased maternal plasma SPM could serve as a biomarker for negative neonatal outcomes.

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Impact of fetal growth restriction on body composition and hormonal status at birth in infants of small and appropriate weight for gestational age

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-07-0286 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 157 (5) ◽

pp. 605-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

R Verkauskiene ◽

J Beltrand ◽

O Claris ◽

D Chevenne ◽

S Deghmoun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Growth Velocity ◽

Fetal Growth Restriction ◽

Hormonal Status ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Igf I ◽

Igfbp 3

AbstractBackgroundFetal growth restriction (FGR) has been related to several health risks, which have been generally identified in small-for-gestational age (SGA) individuals.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of FGR on body composition and hormonal status in infants born either small- or appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA).MethodsFetal growth was assessed by ultrasound every 4 weeks from mid-gestation to birth in 248 high-risk pregnancies for SGA. Fetal growth velocity was calculated as change in the estimated fetal weight percentiles and FGR defined as its reduction by more than 20 percentiles from 22 gestational weeks to birth. Impact of FGR on body composition, cord insulin, IGF-I, IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and cortisol concentrations was assessed in SGA and AGA newborns.ResultsGrowth-retarded AGA infants showed significantly reduced birth weight, ponderal index, percentage of fat mass, and bone mineral density when compared with AGA newborns with stable intrauterine growth. Cord IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations were significantly decreased in growth-retarded infants in both SGA and AGA groups. Cord insulin concentration was significantly lower and cord cortisol significantly higher in AGA infants with FGR versus AGA newborns with stable intrauterine growth.After adjustment for gestational age and gender, birth weight was directly related to fetal growth velocity and cord IGF-I concentration. The variation in infant's adiposity was best explained by fetal growth velocity and cord insulin concentration.ConclusionsFGR affects body composition and hormonal parameters in newborns with birth weight within the normal range, suggesting these individuals could be at similar metabolic risks as SGA.

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