scholarly journals Gestation length and birth weight in relation to intake of marine n-3 fatty acids

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjúrđur F.Olsen* ◽  
Harald S. Hansen ◽  
Niels J. Secher ◽  
Benny Jensen ◽  
Brittmarie Sandström
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Fatty Acid Intake ◽  
The One ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy

It has been hypothesized that marine n-3 fatty acids ingested during pregnancy prolong duration of pregnancy and increase fetal growth rate in humans. By a combined self-administered questionnaire and interview applied in the 30th week of gestation we assessed dietary intake of marine n-3 fatty acids and energy in a population-based sample of 965 pregnant Danish women; in a random 14% subsample we also measured marine n-3 fatty acids relative to arachidonic acid (FA-ratio) in erythrocytes. Mean intake of marine n-3 fatty acids was 0·25 (95% range 0–0·75) g/d. We could detect no association between n-3 fatty acid intake and FA-ratio on the one hand, and gestation length, birth weight and birth length on the other. The analyses were adjusted for maternal height, prepregnant weight, parity and smoking. The conclusion from the study was that within the intake range of this population, marine n-3 fatty acids ingested in the weeks prior to the 30th week of pregnancy seem not to be a predictor of gestation length or fetal growth rate.

Maternal plasma n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy and features of fetal health: Fetal growth velocity, birth weight and duration of pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1367-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina H. Grootendorst-van Mil ◽  
Henning Tiemeier ◽  
Jolien Steenweg-de Graaff ◽  
Berthold Koletzko ◽  
Hans Demmelmair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Fetal Health ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy

Gestation length, birth weight and growth rates of pure-bred indigenous goats and their crosses in Kenya

1988 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ruvuna ◽  
T. C. Cartwright ◽  
H. Blackburn ◽  
M. Okeyo ◽  
S. Chema
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
East African ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Indigenous Goats

SummaryData on gestation period of 701 indigenous East African and Galla does and pre- and postweaning growth of 810 pure-bred and cross-bred kids were analysed by least squares statistical analysis. Breeds of kids were East African, Galla, Toggenburg × East African, Toggenburg × Galla, Anglo-Nubian × East African and Anglo-Nubian × Galla. Average gestation length was 149 days and was significantly (P < 0·05) affected by type of birth of the kid, year–month of kidding, and age of dam. Does carrying twins had shorter gestation length than does carrying singles. Sex and breed of kid did not have significant effect on gestation length.Significant (P < 0·05) factors affecting birth weight, weight at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 210 and 270 days of age, and preweaning growth rate were breed and sex of kid, type of birth, year–month and age of dam. Male kids grew faster and were heavier than females. Kids born single were heavier and grew faster than twin-born kids. Kids from dams less than 3 years old weighed less than kids from older dams. Cross-bred kids had higher preweaning growth rates than indigenous pure-bred kids. The Anglo-Nubian × Galla cross was heaviest while the East African ranked lowest. The results point to importance of cross-breeding with temperate breeds to increase growth rates of indigenous goats. Comparison of Toggenburg and Anglo-Nubian sires for cross-breeding showed both buck breeds produced kids with roughly equal growth rates. Evaluation of indigenous Galla and East African dams for cross-breeding showed Galla dams produced heavier kids than East African but preweaning growth rates were not significantly different.

The effect of feeding salmon oil to sows throughout pregnancy on pre-weaning mortality of piglets

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Rooke ◽  
A.G. Sinclair ◽  
S.A. Edwards ◽  
R. Cordoba ◽  
S. Pkiyach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Nutritional Study ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractSalmon oil (16·5 kg /t), a source of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids, was included in diets offered to multiparous sows during pregnancy and lactation to measure responses in pre-weaning mortality and performance of piglets in two studies. The first study, carried out under commercial conditions, included 196 sows which were offered salmon oil and control diets from immediately post service until weaning. The same diets were also offered to 10 sows per treatment from day 58 of pregnancy in a controlled nutritional study which measured the effects of salmon oil on piglet tissue fatty acid composition. Offering salmon oil to the sow significantly increased gestation length and decreased individual piglet birth weight but had no effect on litter size at birth. Overall, salmon oil reduced pre-weaning mortality from 11·7% to 10·2% mainly by reducing the incidence of deaths from crushing by the sow. More detailed analysis of mortality using a general linear mixed model and 2294 piglet records, demonstrated that the incidence of pre-weaning mortality was significantly decreased with increasing individual piglet birth weight and by inclusion of salmon oil in the diet; the incidence of mortality increased with average piglet birth weight in a litter. Salmon oil inclusion had no effect on weight of litter weaned, sow lactation food intake or subsequent reproductive performance. In both studies, dietary salmon oil increased the proportions of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in colostrum to a similar extent. In the nutritional study, inclusion of salmon oil reduced the proportions of 20: 4 n-6 in piglet liver and brain at birth and increased the proportions of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, despite reducing piglet birth weight, offering sows salmon oil reduced pre-weaning mortality of piglets. The nutritional study showed that the amount and type of marine oil used may not have been optimal.

scholarly journals Fetal growth and psychiatric and socioeconomic problems: population-based sibling comparison

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quetzal A. Class ◽  
Martin E. Rickert ◽  
Henrik Larsson ◽  
Paul Lichtenstein ◽  
Brian M. D'Onofrio
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Unmeasured Confounding ◽  
Lower Birth Weight ◽  
Sibling Comparison ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Socioeconomic Problems

BackgroundIt is unclear whether associations between fetal growth and psychiatric and socioeconomic problems are consistent with causal mechanisms.AimsTo estimate the extent to which associations are a result of unmeasured confounding factors using a sibling-comparison approach.MethodWe predicted outcomes from continuously measured birth weight in a Swedish population cohort (n = 3 291 773), while controlling for measured and unmeasured confounding.ResultsIn the population, lower birth weight (⩽2500 g) increased the risk of all outcomes. Sibling-comparison models indicated that lower birth weight independently predicted increased risk for autism spectrum disorder (hazard ratio for low birth weight = 2.44, 95% CI 1.99–2.97) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Although attenuated, associations remained for psychotic or bipolar disorder and educational problems. Associations with suicide attempt, substance use problems and social welfare receipt, however, were fully attenuated in sibling comparisons.ConclusionsResults suggest that fetal growth, and factors that influence it, contribute to psychiatric and socioeconomic problems.

Parturition induction two days prior to term decreases birth weight and lactational growth, but not piglet maturity, health or post-weaning growth

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
G L Olson ◽  
L. Robine ◽  
L B Rosengren ◽  
C D Baker ◽  
M. Duggan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Premature parturition induction may adversely affect postnatal health and performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of cloprostenol induction 2 d prior to term on piglet maturity (liver glycogen), postnatal productivity (birth weight, growth rate), and health (morbidity, mortality, passive antibody, fecal Clostridium perfringens). Two hundred and sixteen pregnant sows and their progeny (2827 piglets) were assigned to the study. Induction decreased gestation length 2.1 d (P < 0.0001), birth weight 107.2 g pig-1 (P = 0.0004), lactational growth 10.1 g d-1 (P = 0.05), and day 16 weight 0.30 kg pig-1 (P < 0.05). Liver glycogen concentration was 71.2 µg g-1 higher in the stillborns of induced sows (P = 0.03), suggesting the pre-term sows were catabolic. No group differences in post-weaning growth rate, pre-weaning mortality or morbidity, passive antibody transfer or fecal Clostridium perfringens level were found. Reduced lactational growth appeared attributable to the reductions in gestation length and birth weight, rather than in piglet maturity. In spite of reducing lactational growth and body weight at 16 d of age, the administration of cloprostenol 2 d prior to term, under the conditions of this study, resulted in no measureable long-term health or performance consequences. Key words: Porcine, parturition-induction, cloprostenol, prostaglandin F2α, glycogen, Clostridium perfringens

Genetic variation and responses in reproductive performance of sows in lines selected for growth rate under restricted feeding

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Nguyen ◽  
C. P. McPhee ◽  
C. M. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Reproduction Traits

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine genetic changes in reproduction traits in sows (total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), average piglet birth weight (ABW) and number of piglets weaned (NW), body weight prior to mating (MW), gestation length (GL) and daily food intake during lactation (DFI)) in lines of Large White pigs divergently selected over 4 years for high and low post-weaning growth rate on a restricted ration. Heritabilities and repeatabilities of the reproduction traits were also determined. The analyses were carried out on 913 litter records using average information-restricted maximum likelihood method applied to single trait animal models. Estimates of heritability for most traits were small, except for ABW (0·33) and MW (0·35). Estimates of repeatability were slightly higher than those of heritability for TNB, NBA and NW, but they were almost identical for ABW, MW, GL and DFI. After 4 years of selection, the high growth line sows had significantly heavier body weight prior to mating and produced significantly more piglets born alive with heavier average birth weight than the low line sows. There were, however, no statistical differences between the selected lines in TNB or NW. The lower food intake of high relative to low line sows during lactation was not significant, indicating that daily food intake differences found between grower pigs in the high and low lines (2·71 v. 2·76 kg/day, s.e.d. 0·024) on ad libitum feeding were not fully expressed in lactating sows. It is concluded that selection for growth rate on the restricted ration resulted in beneficial effects on important measures of reproductive performance of thea sows.

Relationship between birth weight or fetal growth rate and postnatal allergy

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Wooldridge ◽  
Mark McMillan ◽  
Helen S. Marshall ◽  
Kathryn L. Gatford
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Low Birth Weight and Preterm Delivery, in Hawai`i, 2000-2001

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (SI) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl B Prince ◽  
Limin Song ◽  
Nighat Quadri ◽  
Kathleen Kromer Baker
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
System A ◽  
Born Infant ◽  
Perinatal Data ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

To create a better understanding of Hawai`i’s birthing population so that culturally appropriate strategies to prevent infant mortality could be developed, we undertook an analysis of population-based perinatal data collected in Hawai`i for the years 2000 and 2001. The data were collected by the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). In this system, a stratified random sample of women who delivered a live born infant are mailed a self-administered questionnaire two to six months after they deliver, with telephone follow-up for those who do not respond. A bivariate analyses of maternal characteristics of singleton infants and the prevalence of low birth weight (

Performance of Hereford and crossbred Hereford cattle in the subtropics of New South Wales: growth of first-cross calves to weaning

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Barlow ◽  
GH O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Hereford Cattle

Thirty-one Simmental (S), 33 Friesian (F), 27 Brahman (B) and 30 Hereford (H) sires were mated to Hereford (H) females over 3 years at Grafton to evaluate the performance of first-cross calves in the subtropics of New South Wales. An average of four calves was produced by each sire. Gestation lengths of B x H and S x H calves were 8 and 3 days longer and those of F x H calves were 2 days shorter than in H x H calves. There was a significant genotype x sex interaction for birth weight. Among male calves B x H were heaviest at birth, while S x H were heavier than H x H. There were no significant differences between genotypes among female calves. When adjusted to a constant gestation length B x H males were still heavier at birth. Crossbred calves grew faster to weaning than Hereford calves. Advantages in liveweight at weaning were 12.4 kg (B x H), 15.1 kg (S x H) and 16.3 kg (F x H), when a common conception day was assumed. Crossbred calves had greater body dimensions at birth, and generally had greater increases in body dimensions between birth and weaning. Differences in body dimensions were not entirely accounted for by differences in weight. Brahman x H calves had approximately twice as much eyelid pigmentation as calves of other genotypes. Male calves had 1.4 days longer gestation length, 2.2 kg heavier birth weight (genotype x sex interaction significant), and 60 g day-1 faster growth rate to weaning than females.

scholarly journals The Impact of Gender on Anthropometric Measures of Twins

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayesteh Jahanfar ◽  
Kenneth Lim
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Fetal Birth Weight ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Literature suggests that male hormones influence fetal growth in singleton pregnancies. We hypothesized that the same phenomenon is seen in twin gestations. Objectives: (1) to identify the impact of gender associated with fetal birth weight, head circumference, and birth length for twins; (2) to examine the effect of gender on standardized fetal growth at birth, according to gestational age and birth order; (3) to examine the effect of gender on placenta weight and dimensions. Methodology: This was a population-based retrospective cohort study of twins (4,368 twins, 2,184 pairs) born in British Columbia, Canada from 2000–2010. We excluded twins with stillbirth, congenital anomalies, and those delivered with cesarean section. We also controlled for confounding factors, including birth order, gestational age, maternal anthropometric measures, maternal smoking habits, and obstetric history. A subsample of this population was analyzed from Children and Women Hospital to obtain chorionicity information. Results: Male–male twins were heavier than male–females and female–female twin pairs (p=.01). Within sex-discordant twin pairs, males were also heavier than females (p=.01). Regression analysis suggested that gender affects birth weight independent of birth order and gestational age. Other newborn anthropometric measures were not found to be dependent on gender. In analyzing a subsample with chorionicity data, birth weight was the only anthropometric measure that was both statistically and clinically affected by sex, even after adjustment for gestational age, chorionicity, birth order, and maternal age. Conclusion: Birth weight was affected by gender while head circumference and birth length were not.

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