The role of effect grouping in free-choice response selection

2014 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Janczyk ◽  
Wilfried Kunde
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Choice Response

scholarly journals The universal force of free choice any

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 5-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veneeta Dayal
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Existential Statement

This paper adds to the ongoing debate about the quantificational status of English FC any. It argues that any is a universal, though its universality is such that it can be conjoined with an existential statement. This is established by showing, first of all, that various properties that are amenable to a universal account of FC any remain elusive in recent accounts that treat it as an indefinite. Secondly, it presents a detailed description of supplementary/numeral any, cases in which any occurs with an indefinite. Such cases have been assumed to provide evidence for the indefinite-any view but an explicit semantics for the constructions is given, showing that any invariably contributes universal quantificational force. Existential force always comes from other elements. The paper also discusses alternative formulations that preserve the key insights of the universalist position and the role of cross-linguistic variation in the study of FC items.

Beyond response output: More logical than we think

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim De Neys
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Data Fitting ◽  
Output Data ◽  
The Core ◽  
Response Output ◽  
Exclusive Focus ◽  
Better Than

AbstractOaksford & Chater (O&C) rely on a data fitting approach to show that a Bayesian model captures the core reasoning data better than its logicist rivals. The problem is that O&C's modeling has focused exclusively on response output data. I argue that this exclusive focus is biasing their conclusions. Recent studies that focused on the processes that resulted in the response selection are more positive for the role of logic.

scholarly journals Outcome contingency selectively affects the neural coding of outcomes but not of tasks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wisniewski ◽  
Birte Forstmann ◽  
Marcel Brass
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Neural Coding ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Multivariate Pattern Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Pattern

AbstractValue-based decision-making is ubiquitous in every-day life, and critically depends on the contingency between choices and their outcomes. Only if outcomes are contingent on our choices can we make meaningful value-based decisions. Here, we investigate the effect of outcome contingency on the neural coding of rewards and tasks. Participants performed a reversal-learning paradigm in which reward outcomes were contingent on trial-by-trial choices, and performed a ‘free choice’ paradigm in which rewards were random and not contingent on choices. We hypothesized that contingent outcomes enhance the neural coding of rewards and tasks, which was tested using multivariate pattern analysis of fMRI data. Reward outcomes were encoded in a large network including the striatum, dmPFC and parietal cortex, and these representations were indeed amplified for contingent rewards. Tasks were encoded in the dmPFC at the time of decision-making, and in parietal cortex in a subsequent maintenance phase. We found no evidence for contingency-dependent modulations of task signals, demonstrating highly similar coding across contingency conditions. Our findings suggest selective effects of contingency on reward coding only, and further highlight the role of dmPFC and parietal cortex in value-based decision-making, as these were the only regions strongly involved in both reward and task coding.

Lust, Desire, Hope. Dante and the Problem of Love (Inf. V; Purg. XVII–XVIII; Purg. XXVI)

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaia Gubbini
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Courtly Love ◽  
Divine Love ◽  
Love Poetry ◽  
Moral Structure

AbstractThe article reconstructs the ‘strategy’ used by Dante in the Commedia for solving the problem of love: moving from lust (Inf. V), to the possibility of controlling natural desire through free choice (Purg. XVII-XVIII), to the role of hope in the pursuit of divine love, abandoning cupiditas and embracing caritas (Purg. XXVI). This trajectory is identified through lexical, rhyme-related, and thematic connections. It begins and ends with the first and the last sinners Dante encounters during his journey: Francesca and Arnaut Daniel - both condemned for their lust. The article also explores the reflections of Dante on the previous romance literature dealing with love, providing in particular a more convincing explanation of the presence of Arnaut Daniel - whose courtly love poetry was grounded on the theme of hope - at the end of Purgatory, the supernatural realm of Hope. Moreover, the investigation is set in the context of Dante’s philosophical and theological background - confirming with new elements the coexistence of his Augustinian imagery with the Thomist moral structure of the Commedia.

Evidence for an Integrative Role of P3b in Linking Reaction to Perception

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Verleger ◽  
Piotr Jaśkowski ◽  
Edmund Wascher
Keyword(s):  
Decision Process ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Response Force ◽  
Response Preparation ◽  
Perceptual Analysis ◽  
P3 Component

Abstract. Hypotheses about the P3 component of the event-related EEG potential have usually assumed that P3b reflects some processing independent from organizing the response. In contrast, the notion that P3b is related to a decision process implies some mediating function between stimulus and response. If P3b does indeed reflect the link between perceptual processing and response preparation (1) amplitudes should be as large in response-locked averages as in stimulus-locked averages, (2) this should be true independent of response speed, for separate subaverages of slow and fast responses, and (3) latencies should vary across response speed both in stimulus-locked and in response-locked averages. These hypotheses were tested in data evoked by visual and auditory stimuli in choice-response tasks. All three predictions were confirmed. In contrast to this balanced relation to perception and responding, fronto-central P3 with auditory stimuli was stimulus-related and, for comparison, the peak amplitudes of both the response-force and of the lateralized readiness potential were response-related. We conclude that P3b reflects a process that mediates between perceptual analysis and response initiation, possibly monitoring whether the decision to classify some stimulus is appropriately transformed into action.

scholarly journals Picture Novelty Influences Response Selection and Inhibition: The Role of the In-Group Bias and Task-Difficulty

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e0165470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artyom Zinchenko ◽  
Waich Mahmud ◽  
Musrura Mefta Alam ◽  
Nadia Kabir ◽  
Md. Mamun Al-Amin
Keyword(s):  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
And Task
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