Does evaluative pressure make you less or more distractible? Role of top-down attentional control over response selection.

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 1097-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Normand ◽  
Cédric A. Bouquet ◽  
Jean-Claude Croizet
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Control ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Evaluative Pressure

scholarly journals A critical role of temporoparietal junction in the integration of top-down and bottom-up attentional control

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 4317-4333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Chi-Fu Chang ◽  
Sisi Xi ◽  
I-Wen Huang ◽  
Zuxiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Control ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction

Believing is seeing in schizophrenia: The role of top-down processing

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duje Tadin ◽  
Peiyan Wong ◽  
Michael W. Mebane ◽  
Michael J. Berkowitz ◽  
Hollister Trott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Control ◽  
Ventral Stream ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Top Down

The etiology of visual hallucinations is largely undetermined in schizophrenia. Collerton et al.'s PAD model partly concurs with what we know about neurocognition in schizophrenia, but we need to specify the types of perceptual and attentional abnormalities that are implicated in recurrent complex visual hallucinations (RCVH). Available data suggest that abnormal attentional control and top-down processing play a larger role than the ventral stream deficits.

scholarly journals The Role of a Right Fronto-Parietal Network in Cognitive Control

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fassbender ◽  
C. Simoes-Franklin ◽  
K. Murphy ◽  
R. Hester ◽  
J. Meaney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Prepotent Response ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right

Seemingly distinct cognitive tasks often activate similar anatomical networks. For example, the right fronto-parietal cortex is active across a wide variety of paradigms suggesting that these regions may subserve a general cognitive function. We utilized fMRI and a GO/NOGO task consisting of two conditions, one with intermittent unpredictive “cues-to-attend” and the other without any “cues-to-attend,” in order to investigate areas involved in inhibition of a prepotent response and top-down attentional control. Sixteen subjects (5 male, ages ranging from 20 to 30 years) responded to an alternating sequence of the letters X and Y and withheld responding when the alternating sequence was broken (e.g., when X followed an X). Cues were rare stimulus font-color changes, which were linked to a simple instruction to attend to the task at hand. We hypothesized that inhibitions and cues, despite requiring quite different responses from subjects, might engage similar top-down attentional control processes and would thus share a common network of anatomical substrates. Although inhibitions and cues activated a number of distinct brain regions, a similar network of right dorsolateral prefrontal and inferior parietal regions was active for both. These results suggest that this network, commonly activated for response inhibition, may subserve a more general cognitive control process involved in allocating top-down attentional resources.

scholarly journals Defensive Physiological Reactions to Rejection

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 886-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anett Gyurak ◽  
Özlem Ayduk
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Control ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Physiological Reactivity ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Eye Blink ◽  
Valence Control ◽  
Physiological Reactions ◽  
Questionnaire Measures

We examined the hypothesis that rejection automatically elicits defensive physiological reactions in people with low self-esteem (SE) but that attentional control moderates this effect. Undergraduates ( N = 67) completed questionnaire measures of SE and attentional control. Their eye-blink responses to startle probes were measured while they viewed paintings related to rejection and acceptance themes. The stimuli also included positive-, negative-, and neutral-valence control paintings unrelated to rejection. As predicted, compared with people high in SE, those low in SE showed stronger startle eye-blink responses to paintings related to rejection, but not to negative paintings. Paintings related to acceptance did not attenuate their physiological reactivity. Furthermore, attentional control moderated their sensitivity to rejection, such that low SE was related to greater eye-blink responses to rejection only among individuals who were low in attentional control. Implications of the role of attentional control as a top-down process regulating emotional reactivity in people with low SE are discussed.

scholarly journals Role of the Prefrontal Cortex in Attentional Control over Bistable Vision

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Windmann ◽  
Michaela Wehrmann ◽  
Pasquale Calabrese ◽  
Onur Güntürkün
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Object Perception ◽  
Attentional Selection ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Healthy Control

The primary source of top-down attentional control in object perception is the prefrontal cortex. This region is involved in the maintenance of goal-related information as well as in attentional selection and set shifting. Recent approaches have emphasized the role of top-down processes during elementary visual processes as exemplified in bistable vision where perception oscillates automatically between two mutually exclusive states. The prefrontal cortex might influence this process either by maintaining the dominant pattern while protecting it against the competing representation, or by facilitating perceptual switches between the two competing representations. To address this issue, we investigated reported perceptual reversals in patients with circumscribed lesions of the prefrontal cortex and healthy control participants in three experimental conditions: hold (maintaining the dominant view), speed (inducing as many perceptual switches as possible), and neutral (no intervention). Results indicated that although the patients showed normal switching rates in the neutral condition and were able to control perceptual switches in the hold condition as much as control subjects were, they were less able to facilitate reversals specifically in the speed condition. These results suggest that the prefrontal cortex is necessary to bias the selection of visual representations in accord with current goals, but is less essential for maintaining selected information active that is continuously available in the environment. As for attentional selection, the present results suggest that the prefrontal cortex initiates perceptual reversals by withdrawing top-down support from the dominant representation without (or prior to) boosting the suppressed view.

Top-Down Processing and Visual Reorientation Illusions in a Virtual Reality Environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Mast ◽  
Charles M. Oman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

The role of top-down processing on the horizontal-vertical line length illusion was examined by means of an ambiguous room with dual visual verticals. In one of the test conditions, the subjects were cued to one of the two verticals and were instructed to cognitively reassign the apparent vertical to the cued orientation. When they have mentally adjusted their perception, two lines in a plus sign configuration appeared and the subjects had to evaluate which line was longer. The results showed that the line length appeared longer when it was aligned with the direction of the vertical currently perceived by the subject. This study provides a demonstration that top-down processing influences lower level visual processing mechanisms. In another test condition, the subjects had all perceptual cues available and the influence was even stronger.

Can Self-Schemas Serve as Top-Down Attentional Control Settings

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Folk ◽  
Deborah Kendzierski ◽  
Brad Wyble
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Control ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Attentional Control Settings

The Mediating Role of Retrieval and Attentional Control on Probability Judgment

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Dougherty ◽  
Amber Sprenger ◽  
Sharona Atkins ◽  
Ana M. Franco-Watkins ◽  
Rick Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Control ◽  
Probability Judgment ◽  
Mediating Role
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