Effect of plant residue return on the development of surface soil pH gradients

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. Paul ◽  
A. S. Black ◽  
M. K. Conyers
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Surface Soil Ph

Soil pH and aluminium and their spatial variation in Western Australian acidic soils

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Dolling ◽  
WM Porter ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Surface Soil Ph

Thirty-eight sites on acid soils (pH<5.5, 1:5 in water) in the medium rainfall region of Western Australia were sampled to examine spatial variation in soil pH and 0.01 mol/L CaCl2-extractable aluminium. We also examined the relationship between (i) the A1 and A2 horizon soil pH, (ii) the A1 and A2 horizon extractable aluminium, (iii) surface and subsurface soil pH and (iv) surface soil and subsurface soil-extractable Al. Soil at each site generally had a light-textured layer overlying a clay layer at varying depths (30-70 cm) and was classified as either Dy 5.21 or Dy 5.41 (Northcote 1979). Over 80% of the sites had surface soil pH values 4.8 or lower and extractable aluminium concentrations 2 �g/g or higher. There was a very poor correlation (r2 = 0.21) between the A1 horizon soil aluminium extracted in 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 and the pH measured in 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 over 1 ha sites. The relationship was slightly improved in the A2 horizon (r2 = 0.49). The coefficients of variation of soil pH varied from 1.2 to 5.1%, while the coefficients of variation for CaCl2-extractable aluminium varied from 10 to 50%. At many of the sites, low pH values and high aluminium concentrations extended down to 35-45 cm. At the B horizon the pH values generally increased and the aluminium concentrations decreased. The surface soil pH and extractable aluminium were not good indicators (r2 = 0.09-0.60) of the subsurface soil pH and extractable aluminium.

Surface soil-pH map of Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Ahern ◽  
MMG Weinand ◽  
RF Isbell
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Surface Soil Ph

Surface soil pH can influence biological activity, nutrition and various chemical processes in the soil. Low pH or acidity is causing major concern in southern Australia, prompting requests for details on the extent, severity and distribution of acidic soils in Queensland. By creating a soil pH database, using an appropriate base map, rainfall isohyets and GIS technology, a coloured pH map of surface soils was produced at a 1:5000000 scale for the entire State. As most samples were from virgin or little disturbed sites, the map generally reflects naturally occurring soil pH. Developed horticultural, agricultural and fertilized pastoral areas are likely to have lower pH than that mapped. About two thirds (63.1%) of Queensland's soils have acidic surfaces, 9.5% neutral and the remaining 26.9% are alkaline. The major proportion (74%) of the > 1200 mm rainfall zone is strongly acid, and the remainder is medium acid or acid. Much of the sugar growing areas occur in this zone. Surface soil pH generally decreases as rainfall increases and to a lesser extent from subtropical to tropical climate. In addition to climate, identification of the soil type assists with predicting pH, as the organic, coarse and medium textured soils and massive earths are more likely to be acid and have low buffering capacity. Depending on the land use, such soils may require regular liming or minimizing of net acidifying practices for long term sustainability.

WATER-SOLUBLE AND EXCHANGEABLE ALUMINUM IN ACID SOILS AS AFFECTED BY LIMING AND FERTILIZATION

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. MacLeod ◽  
L. P. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Exchangeable Aluminum ◽  
High Fertilization ◽  
Surface Soil Ph ◽  
Representative Samples

The concentration of water-soluble and exchangeable aluminum was determined in the 0–15-, 15–23-, 23–30- and 30–45-cm depths of a Podzol limed to provide surface soil pH values ranging from 4.5 to 7.2. Both soluble and exchangeable Al decreased with increasing soil pH. Soluble Al ranged from 5.7 ppm at pH 4.4 with high fertilization to 0.3 ppm at pH 6.5 with similar fertilization. Increasing the rate of fertilization at pH 4.5 raised the soluble Al from 2.6 to 5.7 ppm. Fertilization still doubled the soluble Al in soil at pH 5.1 but had little effect as the pH was raised further to 5.8 and 6.5. Soluble Al in the subsoil samples was less than in surface soil samples at the same pH, while with exchangeable Al, the concentration was greater in the subsoil than in the surface soil samples.There was not a direct relationship between pH and soluble Al, although the highest soluble Al concentrations occurred at lowest soil pH levels. Analyses of 30 representative samples of surface soil taken from farmers' fields showed that the soluble Al concentration at pH 4.0 ranged from 3.5 to 4.8 ppm, while at a pH of 5.0 it ranged from 0.2 to 2.8 ppm. The concentrations of soluble Al in many of these soils exceeded the levels previously shown by nutrient solution experiments to severely restrict growth of legumes and some varieties of barley.

EFFECTS OF SURFACE SOIL PH ON SOIL CATION CONTENT, LEAF NUTRIENT LEVELS AND QUALITY OF APPLES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. NEILSEN ◽  
P. B. HOYT ◽  
O. L. LAU
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Nutrient Response ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Flesh Browning ◽  
Surface Soil Ph

’Starkrimson’ Delicious (Malus domestica Borkh.), 10–15 yr old, on seedling rootstock, were sampled in several orchards, selected for uniformly low soil pH (< 5.0), medium pH and high pH (6.5–7.3). Harrold Red Delicious, 20–25 yr old, were sampled in 18 orchards which had low, medium and high pH within each. Soils with low pH were generally characterized by higher exchangeable Mn and lower exchangeable Ca. Exchangeable soil Mg and K levels were not significantly related to soil pH. On soils of low pH, higher leaf Mn was the main plant nutrient response with both Harrold Red and Starkrimson trees. Significantly decreased leaf Ca was observed on the younger Starkrimson trees at low soil pH. Soil pH had no direct effect on fruit firmness, soluble solids, juice acidity, or flesh Ca, Mg and K contents. Poststorage fruit quality problems were primarily surface scald and were not related to differences in soil pH. Incidence of flesh browning was, however, related to low flesh Ca content.

SOIL ACIDIFICATION BY FERTILIZERS AND LONGEVITY OF LIME APPLICATIONS IN THE PEACE RIVER REGION

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. HOYT ◽  
A. M. F. HENNIG
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Peace River ◽  
River Region ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
Surface Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Fertilizer

Acidification of two soils was measured in an experiment in which fertilizer and CaCO3 treatments were applied in various combinations. The highest rate of fertilizer used, which included N at 139 kg/ha, decreased the pH in 4–5 yr in unlimed Donnelly (Gray Luvisol) and Josephine (Eluviated Gleysol) soils by 0.43 and 0.18 units, respectively. The fertilizer increased the soluble Al content in both soils. Yields of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were greatly increased by the fertilizer and lime treatments. However, by the fourth crop on the Josephine soil, fertilizer failed to give a yield increase in the absence of lime; this was apparently due to declining soil pH and increasing soluble Al. In another experiment, loss of lime was measured over an 8-yr period in six soils that had been limed with Ca(OH)2 to pH 6.5–7.0. The average loss of lime from the soils was equivalent to 495 kg of CaCO3/ha annually. This was accompanied by a decline in pH of 0.48 unit in the 8 yr. Liming caused substantial increases to subsoil pH for three of the soils. Despite the decline in surface soil pH, increases in yields of barley from liming were sustained over the 8-yr period. The implication of these findings to soil fertility practices in the Peace River region are discussed.

Do fungi and bacteria respond similar across a steep local pH gradient?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Kjoller ◽  
Carla Cruz-Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Bacterial Richness

&lt;p&gt;Soil pH is consistently recorded as the single most important variable explaining bacterial richness and community composition locally as globally. Bacterial richness responds to soil pH in a bell-shaped pattern, highest in soils with near-neutral pH, while lower diversity is found in soil with pH &gt;8 and &lt;4.5. Also, community turnover is strongly determined by pH for bacteria. In contrast, pH effects on fungi is apparently less pronounced though also much less studied compared to bacteria. Still, pH appears to be a significant determinant for fungal communities but typically not the most important. Rarely are bacterial and fungal communities co-analyzed from the same field samples taken across pH gradients. Here we analyze the community responses of fungi and bacteria in parallel over an extreme pH gradient ranging from pH 4 to 8 established by applying strongly alkaline wood ash to replicated plots in a Picea abies plantation. Bacterial and fungal community composition were assessed by amplicon-based meta-barcoding. Bacterial richness were not significantly affected by pH, while fungal richness and a-diversity were stimulated with higher pH. We found that both, bacterial and fungal communities increasingly deviated from the untreated plots with increasing amount of wood ash though fungal communities were more resistant to changes than bacterial. Soil NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and pH significantly correlated with the NMDS pattern for both bacterial and fungal communities. In the presentation we will discuss resistance versus sensitivity of different fungal functional guilds towards higher pH as well as the underlying factors explaining the community changes.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Global soil-climate-biome diagram: linking surface soil properties to climate and biota

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Zhao ◽  
Yuanhe Yang ◽  
Haihua Shen ◽  
Xiaoqing Geng ◽  
Jingyun Fang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Soc Density ◽  
Surface Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Climate

Abstract. Surface soils interact strongly with both climate and biota and provide fundamental ecosystem services that maintain food, climate, and human security. However, the quantitative linkages between soil properties, climate, and biota at the global scale remain unclear. By compiling a comprehensive global soil database, we mapped eight major soil properties (bulk density; clay, silt, and sand fractions; soil pH; soil organic carbon [SOC] density; soil total nitrogen [STN] density; and soil C : N mass ratios) in the surface (0–30 cm) soil layer based on machine learning algorithms, and demonstrated the quantitative linkages between surface soil properties, climate, and biota at the global scale (i.e., global soil-climate-biome diagram). On the diagram, bulk density increased significantly with higher mean annual temperature (MAT) and lower mean annual precipitation (MAP); soil clay fraction increased significantly with higher MAT and MAP; Soil pH decreased with higher MAP and lower MAT, and the critical MAP for the transition from alkaline to acidic soil decreased with decreasing MAT; SOC density and STN density both were jointly affected by MAT and MAP, showing an increase at lower MAT and a saturation tendency towards higher MAP. Surface soil physical and chemical properties also showed remarkable variations across biomes. The soil-climate-biome diagram suggests the co-evolution of the soil, climate, and biota under global environmental change.

scholarly journals Responses to soil pH gradients of inorganic phosphate solubilizing bacteria community

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bang-Xiao Zheng ◽  
Ding-Peng Zhang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Xiu-Li Hao ◽  
Mohammed A. M. Wadaan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing
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