Some observations on surface soil pH, base saturation and leaching of cations under three contrasting orchard soil management practices

1980 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Haynes ◽  
K. M. Goh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Orchard Soil ◽  
Surface Soil Ph

Seasonal levels of available nutrients under grassed down, Cultivated and zero tilled orchard soil management practices

Soil Research ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Haynes ◽  
KM Goh
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Phosphorus Fractionation ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Sulfate Sulfur ◽  
Available Nutrients ◽  
Orchard Soil

The effects of zero-tillage, clean cultivation or the maintenance of a sward on the seasonal levels of available nutrients in a silt loam were examined during the third season of an orchard soil management trial. Total nitrogen and sulfur and oxidizable carbon were highest in the surface soil of grassed plots, intermediate in untilled plots and lowest in cultivated plots. The seasonal pattern in levels of nitrate nitrogen and sulfate sulfur showed similar trends in both the surface soil down the profile. Levels of both nitrate nitrogen and sulfate sulfur in the top 5 cm of soil remained high for a longer period into autumn under zero-tillage than under cultivation. During the summer and autumn period, concentrations of nitrate nitrogen in the surface soil from non-grassed treatments were notably higher than those from grassed plots. There was an accumulation of sodium bicarbonate extractable phosphorus and total phosphorus in the surface soil of untilled plots and a phosphorus fractionation indicated the accumulation of phosphorus in the aluminium and iron phosphate fractions. To a lesser extent exchangeable phosphate also accumulated at the surface of the untilled soil. Levels of exchangeable calcium and magnesium in the surface soil under the grassed treatment were markedly higher than those from the non-grassed treatments, indicating less leaching of cations in the former treatment. The possible relevance of the results is discussed in terms of orchard nutrition and maintenance of soil fertility.

Soil pH and aluminium and their spatial variation in Western Australian acidic soils

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Dolling ◽  
WM Porter ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Surface Soil Ph

Thirty-eight sites on acid soils (pH<5.5, 1:5 in water) in the medium rainfall region of Western Australia were sampled to examine spatial variation in soil pH and 0.01 mol/L CaCl2-extractable aluminium. We also examined the relationship between (i) the A1 and A2 horizon soil pH, (ii) the A1 and A2 horizon extractable aluminium, (iii) surface and subsurface soil pH and (iv) surface soil and subsurface soil-extractable Al. Soil at each site generally had a light-textured layer overlying a clay layer at varying depths (30-70 cm) and was classified as either Dy 5.21 or Dy 5.41 (Northcote 1979). Over 80% of the sites had surface soil pH values 4.8 or lower and extractable aluminium concentrations 2 �g/g or higher. There was a very poor correlation (r2 = 0.21) between the A1 horizon soil aluminium extracted in 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 and the pH measured in 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 over 1 ha sites. The relationship was slightly improved in the A2 horizon (r2 = 0.49). The coefficients of variation of soil pH varied from 1.2 to 5.1%, while the coefficients of variation for CaCl2-extractable aluminium varied from 10 to 50%. At many of the sites, low pH values and high aluminium concentrations extended down to 35-45 cm. At the B horizon the pH values generally increased and the aluminium concentrations decreased. The surface soil pH and extractable aluminium were not good indicators (r2 = 0.09-0.60) of the subsurface soil pH and extractable aluminium.

Effect of plant residue return on the development of surface soil pH gradients

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. Paul ◽  
A. S. Black ◽  
M. K. Conyers
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Surface Soil Ph

Surface soil-pH map of Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Ahern ◽  
MMG Weinand ◽  
RF Isbell
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Surface Soil Ph

Surface soil pH can influence biological activity, nutrition and various chemical processes in the soil. Low pH or acidity is causing major concern in southern Australia, prompting requests for details on the extent, severity and distribution of acidic soils in Queensland. By creating a soil pH database, using an appropriate base map, rainfall isohyets and GIS technology, a coloured pH map of surface soils was produced at a 1:5000000 scale for the entire State. As most samples were from virgin or little disturbed sites, the map generally reflects naturally occurring soil pH. Developed horticultural, agricultural and fertilized pastoral areas are likely to have lower pH than that mapped. About two thirds (63.1%) of Queensland's soils have acidic surfaces, 9.5% neutral and the remaining 26.9% are alkaline. The major proportion (74%) of the > 1200 mm rainfall zone is strongly acid, and the remainder is medium acid or acid. Much of the sugar growing areas occur in this zone. Surface soil pH generally decreases as rainfall increases and to a lesser extent from subtropical to tropical climate. In addition to climate, identification of the soil type assists with predicting pH, as the organic, coarse and medium textured soils and massive earths are more likely to be acid and have low buffering capacity. Depending on the land use, such soils may require regular liming or minimizing of net acidifying practices for long term sustainability.

WATER-SOLUBLE AND EXCHANGEABLE ALUMINUM IN ACID SOILS AS AFFECTED BY LIMING AND FERTILIZATION

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. MacLeod ◽  
L. P. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Exchangeable Aluminum ◽  
High Fertilization ◽  
Surface Soil Ph ◽  
Representative Samples

The concentration of water-soluble and exchangeable aluminum was determined in the 0–15-, 15–23-, 23–30- and 30–45-cm depths of a Podzol limed to provide surface soil pH values ranging from 4.5 to 7.2. Both soluble and exchangeable Al decreased with increasing soil pH. Soluble Al ranged from 5.7 ppm at pH 4.4 with high fertilization to 0.3 ppm at pH 6.5 with similar fertilization. Increasing the rate of fertilization at pH 4.5 raised the soluble Al from 2.6 to 5.7 ppm. Fertilization still doubled the soluble Al in soil at pH 5.1 but had little effect as the pH was raised further to 5.8 and 6.5. Soluble Al in the subsoil samples was less than in surface soil samples at the same pH, while with exchangeable Al, the concentration was greater in the subsoil than in the surface soil samples.There was not a direct relationship between pH and soluble Al, although the highest soluble Al concentrations occurred at lowest soil pH levels. Analyses of 30 representative samples of surface soil taken from farmers' fields showed that the soluble Al concentration at pH 4.0 ranged from 3.5 to 4.8 ppm, while at a pH of 5.0 it ranged from 0.2 to 2.8 ppm. The concentrations of soluble Al in many of these soils exceeded the levels previously shown by nutrient solution experiments to severely restrict growth of legumes and some varieties of barley.

ORGANIC ORCHARD SOIL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AFFECT SOIL BIOLOGY AND ORGANIC MATTER

2015 ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Forge ◽  
G. Neilsen ◽  
D. Neilsen ◽  
D. O'Gorman ◽  
E. Hogue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Orchard Soil

scholarly journals Surface application of mulches and biosolids affect orchard soil properties after 7 years

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Neilsen ◽  
E. J. Hogue ◽  
T. Forge ◽  
D. Neilsen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Surface Application ◽  
Orchard Soil ◽  
Tree Performance

Changes in selected soil chemical and physical properties of a coarse-textured orchard soil were measured 7 yr after establishing different orchard soil management strategies which were deemed to be environmentally sound in a high-density apple orchard. Several locally available mulches and organic wastes applied to the soil surface were maintained and assessed as to their effect on tree performance and soil properties relative to a standard commercial practice involving maintenance of a weed-free herbicide strip (known as the “check” practice). The soil chemical status of these sandy soils was readily altered when large amounts of nutrients were contained in applied mulches and biosolids. Thus, elevated soil C [and cation exchange capacity (CEC)], N, P, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu occurred after cumulative application of 90 t ha-1 of biosolids; soil pH and Ca content increased beneath a high-Ca shredded paper mulch, and soil was enriched in P and K beneath a high-PK alfalfa mulch. Small but statistically significant decreases in soil bulk density, and increases in wet aggregate stability and infiltration rate were measured for some non-check soil management treatments. Of most practical importance among the physical property changes was increased surface soil moisture retention capacity associated with shredded paper mulches applied over biosolids. Cumulative yield and long-term vigour exceeded control trees for all soil management treatments and were best for treatments that included application of a shredded paper mulch. Few measured soil properties were correlated with long-term tree performance except for several soil pH-related parameters. However, surface application of mulches and biosolids generally improved soil nutrient status and physical properties while maintaining or improving crop yield. Key words: Biosolids, Malus domestica Borkh., mulches, soil fertility, water retention capacity

EFFECTS OF SURFACE SOIL PH ON SOIL CATION CONTENT, LEAF NUTRIENT LEVELS AND QUALITY OF APPLES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. NEILSEN ◽  
P. B. HOYT ◽  
O. L. LAU
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Nutrient Response ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Flesh Browning ◽  
Surface Soil Ph

’Starkrimson’ Delicious (Malus domestica Borkh.), 10–15 yr old, on seedling rootstock, were sampled in several orchards, selected for uniformly low soil pH (< 5.0), medium pH and high pH (6.5–7.3). Harrold Red Delicious, 20–25 yr old, were sampled in 18 orchards which had low, medium and high pH within each. Soils with low pH were generally characterized by higher exchangeable Mn and lower exchangeable Ca. Exchangeable soil Mg and K levels were not significantly related to soil pH. On soils of low pH, higher leaf Mn was the main plant nutrient response with both Harrold Red and Starkrimson trees. Significantly decreased leaf Ca was observed on the younger Starkrimson trees at low soil pH. Soil pH had no direct effect on fruit firmness, soluble solids, juice acidity, or flesh Ca, Mg and K contents. Poststorage fruit quality problems were primarily surface scald and were not related to differences in soil pH. Incidence of flesh browning was, however, related to low flesh Ca content.

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