A putative hyperglycemic factor from the cerebral ganglia of Otala lactea (Mollusca: Pulmonata)

2000 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Abdraba ◽  
A. S. M. Saleuddin
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ganglia ◽  
Otala Lactea

Protein synthesis in vitro by mantle tissue of the land snail Otala lactea: possible insulin-like peptide function

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1527-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Abdraba ◽  
A SM Saleuddin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Cerebral Ganglion ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Porcine Insulin ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Cerebral Ganglia ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
Otala Lactea

Mantle-collar tissue from adult land snails Otala lactea continuously incorporated labelled amino acids over a 72-h period of incubation in modified culture medium. Acid-saline extract of cerebral ganglia stimulated protein synthesis by the mantle-collar tissue in vitro. This effect was dose-dependent, with the minimum and maximum doses at 0.5 and 2 cerebral ganglion equivalents, respectively. The protein synthesis-stimulating factor(s) from the cerebral ganglia appeared to be proteinaceous and hydrophobic in nature. The cerebral ganglion extract was fractionated by means of a size-exclusion HPLC column. The biological activity was induced by three fractions with estimated molecular masses of 0.82, 1.88, and 4.33 kilodaltons (kDa). Porcine insulin antiserum abolished the activity of the 4.33- and 1.88-kDa fractions but had no significant effect on the activity of the 0.82-kDa fraction. The results suggest the existence in the cerebral ganglia of more than one factor with protein synthesis-stimulating activity. One of these factors could be related to mammalian insulin. Porcine insulin, however, had no significant effect on protein synthesis by the mantle collar in vitro.

Localization and immunological characterization of insulin-like peptide(s) in the land snail Otala lactea (Mollusca: Pulmonata)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1515-1526 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Abdraba ◽  
A SM Saleuddin
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Connective Tissue Layer ◽  
Cerebral Ganglia ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
Otala Lactea ◽  
Vitro Analysis

Insulin-like peptides were detected by means of immunological techniques in tissues of the land snail Otala lactea. Insulin-positive cells were detected in all the ganglia except the right parietal ganglion and visceral ganglion. In the digestive tract, insulin-positive cells were found in the muscle and connective tissue layer of the intestine. The amount of insulin-like peptide detected in acid-ethanol extract of brains and digestive tracts from active snails did not differ significantly from that in the corresponding tissues from estivating (dormant) ones. More insulin-like peptide was detected in hemolymph from active snails than in hemolymph from estivating ones. Brains from active snails released insulin-like peptide in vitro. Analysis of the cerebral ganglia or digestive tract extracts by size-exclusion chromatography and insulin RIA revealed more than one fraction with insulin immunoreactivity. Some of these fractions contained material with molecular masses close to those of mammalian insulin or its subunits. Further analysis of the extracts by reverse-phase chromatography also revealed more than one fraction with immunoreactivity. The immunoreactive material from the digestive tract was found to be less hydrophobic than insulin. Western blot analysis of the cerebral ganglia extract revealed more than one band with insulin immunoreactivity. Three of these bands had molecular masses very similar to those of vertebrate insulin, its subunits, and its precursor.

Immunocytochemical and radioimmunometrical demonstration of serotonin- and neuropeptide-immunoreactivities in the adult rat tapeworm,Hymenolepis diminuta(Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea)

Parasitology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. McKay ◽  
I. Fairweather ◽  
C. F. Johnston ◽  
C. Shaw ◽  
D. W. Halton
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Cerebral Ganglia ◽  
Longitudinal Nerve ◽  
Small Nerve ◽  
Nerve Cords

Standard indirect immunocytochemical techniques have been interfaced with confocal scanning laser microscopy (for whole-mount preparations) and epifluorescence microscopy (for cryosections) to investigate the occurrence and distribution of serotoninergic and peptidergic nerve elements in adultH. diminuta. Serotonin (5-HT)-immunoreactivity (IR) was widespread throughout the worm, occurring in the paired cerebral ganglia, transverse commissure, the 10 longitudinal nerve cords and in a plethora of small nerve fibres of the peripheral nervous system. An abundance of serotoninergic nerve cell bodies was found in association with the lateral nerve cords. The genital atrium and accessory reproductive ducts were richly innervated with serotoninergic nerve fibres. Thirty-five antisera to 20 vertebrate regulatory peptides and 1 invertebrate peptide (FMRFamide) were used to screen the worm for neuropeptide IR. Immunostaining was obtained with antisera raised to pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), xenopsin (XP) and FMRFamide. The most extensive pattern of IR occurred with antisera to PP and PYY, IR being evident in the cerebral ganglia, transverse commissure, longitudinal nerve cords and in small nerve fibres that ramified throughout the parenchyma. A series of bipolar nerve cell bodies between the median nerve cords displayed PP/PYY-IR. The distribution of FMRFamide-IR was reminiscent of the PP/PYY pattern but was less extensive. Comparison of the serotoninergic and peptidergic nervous systems has revealed general similarities and some distinct differences, especially with regard to the distribution of immunoreactive nerve cell bodies. Quantitative data are presented on the levels of PP-, SP-, PH1-, and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-immunoreactivities demonstrable in acid-alcohol extracts of whole worms. The highest level of peptide IR determined was recorded for PP.

scholarly journals Gliocyte and synapse analyses in cerebral ganglia of the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis: ultrastructural study

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zhang ◽  
P. Yu ◽  
S. Zhong ◽  
T. Ge ◽  
S. Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Eriocheir Sinensis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Chinese Mitten Crab ◽  
Cerebral Ganglia ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mitten Crab ◽  
Nerve System

The Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis is an economically important aquatic species in China. Many studies on gene structure, breeding, and diseases of the crab have been reported. However, knowledge about the organization of the nerve system of the crab remains largely unknown. To study the ultrastructure of the cerebral ganglia of E. sinensis and to compare the histological findings regarding the nerve systems of crustaceans, the cerebral ganglia were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that four types of gliocytes, including type I, II, III, and IV gliocytes were located in the cerebral ganglia. In addition, three types of synapses were present in the cerebral ganglia, including unidirectional synapses, bidirectional synapses, and combined type synapses. 

Serological and Immunochemical Studies on the Snail (Otala lactea)

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-178
Author(s):  
H.M. Bhatia ◽  
Y. Cha Kim ◽  
W.C. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Otala Lactea
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