Fenbutatin Acute Toxicity on Artemia nauplii: Effects of Sublethal Concentrations on ATPase Activity

1996 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Machera ◽  
E. Cotou ◽  
P. Anastassiadou
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Artemia Nauplii ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Comparative Toxicity of Larval Lampricide (TFM: 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol) to Selected Benthic Macroinvertebrates

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1455-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. Maki ◽  
Lester Geissel ◽  
Howard E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Orconectes Propinquus ◽  
Early Emergence ◽  
Comparative Toxicity ◽  
Mayfly Nymph ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Blackfly Larvae ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

The acute toxicity of larval lampricide (TFM: 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol) to 35 species of benthic macroinvertebrates was determined in 96-h flow-through tests. The 96-h LC50 values range from 2.1 mg/liter for blackfly larvae, Simulium pugetense, to values in excess of 38.0 mg/liter for species with heavy exoskeletons: crayfish (Orconectes propinquus), dobsonfly larvae (Chauloides sp), and dragonfly naiads (Ophiogomphus sp.) Younger individuals of the clam (Ligumia sp.) and the mayfly nymph (Ephemerella cornuta) were 2 to 1.5 times more sensitive than larger individuals of the same species. Early emergence of adults and increased locomotor activity were observed among some organisms exposed to sublethal concentrations.

scholarly journals Effect of Endosulfan Pesticide on the Oxygen Consumption Rate of Three Species of Snails Collected from Middle Part of Shatt Al-Arab River

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 323-331
Author(s):  
Aseel N. Al-Salman ◽  
Wisam A.A. Farid ◽  
Wasan A. A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Melanoides Tuberculata ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Radix Auricularia ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

The present study has been achieved to estimate the acute toxicity effect of pesticide (endosulfan) (organochlorine) and its sublethal concentrations effect  on the oxygen consuming rate of three various snails species (Melanoides tuberculata, Radix auricularia and Theodoxus jordani) collected from Shatt Al-Arab river along the region extended from Abu-Al-Khasib to Garmat-Ali during 2018.  The 24 hr LC50 indicated that the M. tuberculata was more resistant, while R. auricularia and T. jordani were more effective to endosulfan and showed no difference. The study indicated that the employ of various species of snails, with their differing degree of sensitivity to the same toxicant, might be a useful tool in aquatic environmental toxicological investigations. The sublethal concentrations exposure (24 hr LC50) of pesticide had no considerable influence on the rates of oxygen consumption for each snail species. However, a decrease in the capability of snails to preserve respiratory independence through hypoxia was observed 24 hr after exposure to this dose.

scholarly journals Effects of Chlordane and Lindane on Testosterone and Vitellogenin Levels in Green Neon Shrimp (Neocaridina denticulata)

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Ji Huang ◽  
Hon-Cheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Freshwater System ◽  
Disruption Effect ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Neocaridina Denticulata

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute toxicity of chlordane and lindane as well as their endocrine disruption effect on green neon shrimp ( Neocaridina denticulata), a common habitant in freshwater system of eastern Asia and Hawaii. First, the organisms were exposed to chlordane and lindane to estimate the 96-h LC50(96-h median lethal concentration). Then, levels of testosterone and vitellogenin in hemolymph of N. denticulata after exposure to sublethal concentrations of chlordane (1 ng/L and 10 ng/L) and lindane (0.1 μg/L and 1 μg/L) were also examined. The 96-h LC50 values obtained from the results of acute exposure were 127.03 (130.11–122.35) ng/L and 9.36 (8.00–10.96) μg/L for chlordane and lindane, respectively. Furthermore, reductions of testosterone concentration were observed in both chlordane- and lindane-treated shrimps, whereas induction of vitellogenin-like protein was only apparent in chlordane-treated shrimps. Thus, it is concluded that chlordane and lindane may probably show some disruption endocrine functions on N. denticulata.

scholarly journals Changes in behavioural and locomotory activities of freshwater fish, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) in response to sublethal exposure of Chlorpyrifos

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 620-626
Author(s):  
Navneet Cheema ◽  
Anita Bhatnagar ◽  
Abhay Singh Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Cirrhinus Mrigala ◽  
Pollution Management ◽  
Avoidance Tests ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tail Beat ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Fish Avoidance

The aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of sub-lethal toxicity of chlorpyrifos, one of the largest market selling agrochemical on physiological parameters of teleost fish, Cirrhinus mrigala addressing the possible causative involvement in behavioural and locomotion responses. Primarily, the acute toxicity (96h LC50) test was carried out and the value calculated by probit analysis was found to be 0.44 mg L-1. Further, one-fifth, one-tenth and one-twentieth of 96 h LC50 were selected as sublethal concentrations for sub acute studies. The experiment was carried out for 21 days and the alternative behaviour was recorded in terms of Air Ingulping (AI), Operculum Beat Frequency (OBF), Surfacing Movement (SM), Vertical Hanging (VH) and Tail Beat Frequency (TBF) on duration day 2, 4, 7, 14 and 21. Significant effect of both the concentrations and duration was observed in fishes treated with selected doses of chlorpyrifos. It was found that AI, OBF, SM, VH, TBF was highest on day 7 at 0.08 mg L-1 concentration of Chlorpyrifos. The findings revealed that there is a need to control the use of chlorpyrifos because of its toxicity. All the fish avoidance tests proved to be an important predictive and sensitive biomarker in aquatic monitoring and pollution management.

scholarly journals Mortality and Effect on Growth of Artemia franciscana Exposed to Two Common Organic Pollutants

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1614
Author(s):  
George Ekonomou ◽  
Alexios Lolas ◽  
Jeanne Castritsi-Catharios ◽  
Christos Neofitou ◽  
George D. Zouganelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Artemia Franciscana ◽  
Lower Toxicity ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Artemia Nauplii

Acute toxicity and inhibition on growth of Artemia franciscana nauplii (Instar I-II) after exposure to the reference toxicants bisphenol a (BPA) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were studied. LC50 values were calculated and differences in body growth were recorded after 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure to the toxicants. The results indicated that BPA had lower toxicity than SDS. Development of the nauplii was clearly influenced by duration of exposure. Growth inhibition was detected for both toxicants. Abnormal growth of the central eye of several Artemia nauplii after 72 h of exposure to BPA was also detected. Our results indicate that growth inhibition could be used as a valid endpoint for toxicity studies.

The Toxic Effects of Algicidal Bacteria L7’s Algicidal Components to Brachydanio rerio

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 7723-7728
Author(s):  
Chun Min Zhang ◽  
Ya Lei Zhang ◽  
Wei Bin Pan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Algicidal Bacteria ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Brachydanio Rerio ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Logarithmic Distance ◽  
Safe Concentration

In order to study the toxic effects of L7 lyophilized powder of extracellular active components (L7-LPEAC) – extracted from the algicidal bacteria L7 – on the aquatic system, Brachydanio rerio were exposed to L7-LPEAC in five different concentrations for a period of 96 hours. The results showed that the 96 h-LC50 is 0.85 g/L, thus the safe concentration is 0.09 g/L. Based on this, four L7-LPEAC concentrations (0.06 g/L, 0.09 g/L, 0.13 g/L, 0.18 g/L) were prepared with the same logarithmic distance, and a 20-day sub-acute toxicity test was carried out. The SOD and ATPase activity in the liver and gill of Brachydanio rerio was measured every 5 days. The results showed that with the increase of L7-LPEAC concentration, the SOD activity decreased significantly (P<0.05), both in liver and gill. Exposed over 10 days, the ATPase activity had little change when the concentration of L7-LPEAC was less than 0.09 g/L; and decreased significantly (P<0.05) when the concentration of L7-LPEAC was above 0.09 g/L.

Survival, Respiration, and Food Assimilation of Daphnia magna Exposed to Petroleum- and Coal-Derived Oils at Three Temperatures

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sterling O. Ullrich Jr. ◽  
Raymond E. Millemann
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Food Assimilation ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Acute toxicity tests with the water-soluble fractions (WSFs) of both oils showed that mortality of Daphnia magna was directly related to temperature and the WSF concentration. The coal-derived oil was more toxic than the diesel fuel oil. The 48-h LC50s for the former were 0.70, 0.44, and 0.18% at 10, 20, and 25 °C, respectively; the values for the diesel oil WSF were 87, 32, and 9.7% at 10, 20, and 25 °C, respectively. Respiration rates of animals exposed to sublethal concentrations of the WSFs at 10, 20, and 25 °C were significantly affected by the WSF concentration of the oils and temperature. The interaction between the concentration of each oil with temperature was statistically significant. Low concentrations of diesel oil WSF stimulated respiration rates at each temperature, but higher concentrations depressed them. At all temperatures, oxygen consumption rates of animals exposed to the coal-derived oil WSF decreased with increased concentration. The exposure to sublethal concentrations of both oils affected food assimilation of the animals in a manner similar to that observed when respiration was the criterion of toxic effect. The interaction between diesel oil WSF concentrations and temperature, but not between coal oil WSF concentrations and temperature, was statistically significant. At 20 and 25 °C, low concentrations of diesel oil WSF stimulated assimilation rates, whereas low concentrations of the coal oil WSF depressed them. Generally, high concentrations of both WSFs depressed assimilation rates below control values. These results emphasize the importance of natural stresses, such as temperature, in enhancing toxicity of synthetic chemicals to aquatic organisms, and they reinforce the need to consider such variables as season of the year in evaluating biotic effects of oil spills.Key words: temperature, Daphnia magna, petroleum, coal oil, synthetic oil, respiration, food assimilation, acute toxicity, chronic toxicity

scholarly journals Acute copper toxicity in juvenile fat snook Centropomus parallelus (Teleostei: Centropomidae) in sea water

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno L. Oliveira ◽  
Luiz F. Loureiro Fernandes ◽  
Adalto Bianchini ◽  
Adriana R. Chippari-Gomes ◽  
Bruno F. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cu Accumulation ◽  
Recovery Capacity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fat Snook ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Three experiments were designed to assess the accumulation and acute toxicity of copper (Cu) in juvenile fat snook Centropomusparallelus. The first experiment was performed to determine the 96-h lethal concentration (LC50) of Cu. The second experiment was designed to assess the effects of sublethal concentrations of Cu (0.47 and 0.94 mg/L), while the third one allowed us to test the recovery capacity of fish exposed to the sublethal concentrations Cu and kept in sea water without Cu addition. The LC50value for Cu was found to be 1.88 mg/L Cu. Fish exposed to the sublethal concentrations of Cu showed a significant accumulation of Cu in gills at 96 h respect to the control ones (0.43 µg/g Cu). No significant difference was observed in the accumulation of Cu in gills between fish exposed to 0.47 mg/L (1.09 µg/g Cu) and 0.94 mg/L (1.26 µg/g Cu). Exposure (24 and 96 h) to the sublethal concentrations of Cu tested induced DNA damage in the erythrocytes. The results show that acute exposure to sublethal concentrations induces Cu accumulation and DNA damage in fish, these effects being recovered after 240 h in sea water without Cu addition.

Localization of Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity in the Phleom of Nicotiana Tabacum

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
James Cronshaw ◽  
Jamison E. Gilder
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Atpase Localization

Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity has been shown to be associated with numerous physiological processes in both plants and animal cells. Biochemical studies have shown that in higher plants ATPase activity is high in cell wall preparations and is associated with the plasma membrane, nuclei, mitochondria, chloroplasts and lysosomes. However, there have been only a few ATPase localization studies of higher plants at the electron microscope level. Poux (1967) demonstrated ATPase activity associated with most cellular organelles in the protoderm cells of Cucumis roots. Hall (1971) has demonstrated ATPase activity in root tip cells of Zea mays. There was high surface activity largely associated with the plasma membrane and plasmodesmata. ATPase activity was also demonstrated in mitochondria, dictyosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and plastids.

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