Survival, Respiration, and Food Assimilation of Daphnia magna Exposed to Petroleum- and Coal-Derived Oils at Three Temperatures

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sterling O. Ullrich Jr. ◽  
Raymond E. Millemann
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Food Assimilation ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Acute toxicity tests with the water-soluble fractions (WSFs) of both oils showed that mortality of Daphnia magna was directly related to temperature and the WSF concentration. The coal-derived oil was more toxic than the diesel fuel oil. The 48-h LC50s for the former were 0.70, 0.44, and 0.18% at 10, 20, and 25 °C, respectively; the values for the diesel oil WSF were 87, 32, and 9.7% at 10, 20, and 25 °C, respectively. Respiration rates of animals exposed to sublethal concentrations of the WSFs at 10, 20, and 25 °C were significantly affected by the WSF concentration of the oils and temperature. The interaction between the concentration of each oil with temperature was statistically significant. Low concentrations of diesel oil WSF stimulated respiration rates at each temperature, but higher concentrations depressed them. At all temperatures, oxygen consumption rates of animals exposed to the coal-derived oil WSF decreased with increased concentration. The exposure to sublethal concentrations of both oils affected food assimilation of the animals in a manner similar to that observed when respiration was the criterion of toxic effect. The interaction between diesel oil WSF concentrations and temperature, but not between coal oil WSF concentrations and temperature, was statistically significant. At 20 and 25 °C, low concentrations of diesel oil WSF stimulated assimilation rates, whereas low concentrations of the coal oil WSF depressed them. Generally, high concentrations of both WSFs depressed assimilation rates below control values. These results emphasize the importance of natural stresses, such as temperature, in enhancing toxicity of synthetic chemicals to aquatic organisms, and they reinforce the need to consider such variables as season of the year in evaluating biotic effects of oil spills.Key words: temperature, Daphnia magna, petroleum, coal oil, synthetic oil, respiration, food assimilation, acute toxicity, chronic toxicity

The joint acute toxicity to Daphnia magna of industrial organic chemicals at low concentrations

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Deneer ◽  
T.L. Sinnige ◽  
W. Seinen ◽  
J.L.M. Hermens
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Low Concentrations

scholarly journals Study of whole effluent acute toxicity test (Daphnia magna) as an evaluation of Ministry of Environment and Forestry Decree No. 3 In 2014 concerning industrial performance rank in environmental management

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 08005
Author(s):  
Neng Rohmah ◽  
Dwina Roosmini ◽  
Mochamad Adi Septiono
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Chemical Parameter ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Industrial Performance ◽  
Parameter Monitoring

Only 15% of the industries in Citarum Watershed, specifically in Bandung Regency, West Bandung Regency, Sumedang Regency, Bandung City and Cimahi City, are registered as PROPER industries. They must comply to indicators as set in the Minister of Environment and Forestry Decree No. 3 In 2014 concerning Industrial Performance Rank in Environmental Management, as a requirement to apply for PROPER. Wastewater treatment and management, referencing to Minister of Environment and Forestry Decree No. 5 In 2014 concerning Wastewater Effluent Standards, must be performed to be registered as PROPER industries. Conducting only physical-chemical parameter monitoring of wastewater is insufficient to determine the safety of wastewater discharged into the river, therefore additional toxicity tests involving bioindicator are required to determine acute toxicity characteristic of wastewater. The acute toxicity test quantifies LC50 value based on death response of bioindicators from certain dosage. Daphnia magna was used as bioindicator in the toxicity test and probit software for analysis. In 2015-2016, the number of industries that discharged wastewater exceeding the standard was found greater in non-PROPER industries than in PROPER industries. Based on the toxicity level, both PROPER and non-PROPER industries have toxic properties, however PROPER industries of 2015-2016 is more toxic with LC5096 value reaching 2.79%.

The precision of daphnid (Daphnia magna Straus, 1820) static acute toxicity tests

1986 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Gersich ◽  
F. A. Blanchard ◽  
S. L. Applegath ◽  
C. N. Park
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

scholarly journals A comparative study of the acute toxicity of the herbicide atrazine to cladocerans Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Macrothrix flabelligera

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Aparecida Moreira ◽  
Adrislaine da Silva Mansano ◽  
Lidiane Cristina da Silva ◽  
Odete Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Tropical Freshwaters ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Herbicide Atrazine ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

AIM: In this study we compared the sensitivity of three species of Cladocera, Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Macrothrix flabelligera, to the commercial product of the herbicide Atrazine, the Atrazine Atanor 50 SC® (500 g/L), widely used on crops in Brazil. METHODS: Acute toxicity tests were performed at the nominal atrazine concentrations 2.25, 4.5, 9.0, 18.0, 36 and 72 mg L-1, on C. silvestrii and M. flabelligera and at 2.25, 4.5, 9.0, 18.0, 36, 72 and 144 mg L-1 on D. magna. The range of concentrations tested was established in a series of preliminary tests. RESULTS: The toxicity tests showed that the two species naturally occurring in water bodies in Brazil were more susceptible than Daphnia magna. The effective concentrations of Atrazine Atanor 50 SC® (EC50- 48 h) to the species M. flabelligera, C. silvestrii and D. magna were 12.37 ± 2.67 mg L-1, 14.30 ± 1.55 mg L-1 and 50.41 ± 2.64 mg L-1, respectively. Furthermore, when EC50 observed here for M. flabelligera and C. silvestrii were compared with published values of EC50 or LC50 (mg L-1) for various aquatic organisms exposed to atrazine, it was seen that these two cladocerans were the most sensitive to the herbicide. CONCLUSIONS: Considering these results and the broad distribution of C. silvestrii and M. flabelligera in tropical and subtropical regions, it is concluded that these native species would be valuable test organisms in ecotoxicological tests, for the monitoring of toxic substances in tropical freshwaters.

scholarly journals Sublethal effects of the Water -Soluble Fractions of Virgin Diesel Oil on some Physiological Parameters of Clarias Gariepinus Juveniles.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-32
Author(s):  
AS Lemuel ◽  
HB Hassan ◽  
JK Makpo ◽  
AA Abdulmalik ◽  
NC Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Soluble Fractions

This study was undertaken to evaluate the sublethal effects of the water-soluble fractions of virgin diesel oil on some physiological parameters of C. gariepinus juveniles. The mean weight of C.gariepinus Juveniles weight of 1.61±1.86g, total length of 9.5±10.5cm and standard length of 11.0±12.5cm were exposed to sublethal concentrations of 0.58 ml/L, 0.29 ml/L, 0.14 ml/L, 0.07 ml/L, 0.04 ml/L and control 0.00 ml/L. There were significant differences at (P<0.05) on the different levels of sublethal concentrations. The tissues include; gills, liver and intestine. The alterations considered include; the gills; inflammation, hyperplasia, fusion, lamella aneurism, epithelial lifting, abrasion and necrosis, in the liver, there was lesions, and inflammation, and also alterations of the intestine were mainly sloughing of the intestinal villi and intestinal mucosa. It was concluded that contamination of water-soluble fractions of virgin diesel oil in any water body or aquatic environment can induce several histopathological alterations in the tissues of Clarias gariepinus juvenile.

scholarly journals Alteration of acute toxicity of inorganic and methyl mercury to Daphnia magna by dietary addition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Hylton ◽  
Martin Tsz-Ki Tsui
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Inorganic Mercury ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Raphidocelis Subcapitata ◽  
Median Lethal Concentrations ◽  
Body Residue

AbstractAcute toxicity of inorganic mercury [Hg(II)] and methylmercury (MeHg) to Daphnia magna was characterized using a 48-h static, non-renewal acute toxicity test, in which we compared the toxicity of Hg(II) and MeHg in the absence (water-only) and presence of diet [green alga (Raphidocelis subcapitata), yeast, Cerophyll, and trout chow (YCT), or both]. Overall, Hg(II) is more toxic to D. magna than MeHg, with 48-h median lethal concentrations (LC50s) being 4.3 µg/L (95% confidence interval: 4.1–4.5 µg/L) for Hg(II) and 14.3 µg/L (13.2–15.3 µg/L) for MeHg. For Hg(II), the addition of any diet would significantly increase its 48-h LC50, but the 48-h LC50 for MeHg decreased significantly to 7.1 µg/L (6.4–7.8 µg/L) with the algal addition. We also show that the addition of diets significantly influenced the levels and speciation (dissolved vs. particulate) of both Hg forms in the test solution. The bioaccumulation of Hg(II) and MeHg was impacted by the dietary addition, and it appears that the body residue level triggering mortality varied widely among treatments. The results suggest that standard short-term toxicity tests (water-only) should be supplemented with extra tests with dietary addition to provide a more environmentally relevant estimation of short-term toxicity of chemical compounds.

scholarly journals The Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Daphnia magna to Dewatered Drinking Water Treatment Residue

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nannan Yuan ◽  
Yuansheng Pei ◽  
Anping Bao ◽  
Changhui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

There have been widespread attempts to recycle drinking water treatment residue (DWTR) after dewatering for environmental remediation, which is beneficial for both the environment and the economy. The directly discharged DWTR without dewatering to natural water bodies, however, was reported to show signs of chronic toxicity to Daphnia magna (D. magna), a typical zooplankton in the aquatic environment. This study comprehensively assessed the effect of dewatered DWTR on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of D. magna based on acute and chronic toxicity tests. The results showed that the survival, growth, reproduction, body morphology of offspring, and the antioxidant enzymes of D. magna were not affected by the dewatered DWTR. These physiological and biochemical indexes also had no undesirable changes for the DWTR-amended sediments (with ratios of 0–50%) incubated for 10 and 180 d; the growth and reproduction were even promoted when D. magna was exposed to 5000 mg-sediment L−1, which may be due to the extra nutrients supplied by the amended sediments for the animals. The results demonstrated that by contrast with the directly discharged DWTR without dewatering, the dewatered DWTR could be safe to D. magna. Further analysis suggested that heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Zn) with relatively low concentrations and high stability could be the main reasons leading to the high safety of the dewatered DWTR. Overall, dewatered DWTR can be considered a non-hazardous material for zooplankton.

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