Cleistogamy in wheat: genetic control and the effect of environmental conditions

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ueno ◽  
H. Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Environmental Conditions

Genetic control of grain yield and grain physical characteristics in a bread wheat population grown under a range of environmental conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 127 (7) ◽  
pp. 1607-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lancelot Maphosa ◽  
Peter Langridge ◽  
Helen Taylor ◽  
Boris Parent ◽  
Livinus C. Emebiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Wheat Population

Genetic control of phenotypic plasticity in Asian cultivated and wild rice in response to nutrient and density changes

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Shimizu ◽  
Masamichi Maruoka ◽  
Naofumi Ichikawa ◽  
Akhil Ranjan Baruah ◽  
Naohiro Uwatoko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Crop Evolution ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Trait Locus

Phenotypic plasticity is an adaptive mechanism adopted by plants in response to environmental heterogeneity. Cultivated and wild species adapt in contrasting environments; however, it is not well understood how genetic changes responsible for phenotypic plasticity were involved in crop evolution. We investigated the genetic control of phenotypic plasticity in Asian cultivated ( Oryza sativa ) and wild rice ( O. rufipogon ) under 5 environmental conditions (2 nutrient and 3 density levels). Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was conducted for traits affecting plant architecture and biomass production. By analysing the phenotypic means, QTLs of large effects were detected as a cluster on chromosome 7 under all the environmental conditions investigated; this might have contributed to transitions of plant architecture during domestication, as reported previously. Multiple QTLs of plasticity were also found within this QTL cluster, demonstrating that allele-specific environmental sensitivity might control plasticity. Furthermore, QTLs controlling plasticity without affecting phenotypic means were also identified. The mode of action and direction of allele effects of plasticity QTLs varied depending on the traits and environmental signals. These findings confirmed that cultivated and wild rice show distinctive genetic differentiation for phenotypic plasticity, which might have contributed to adaptation under contrasting environmental heterogeneity during the domestication of rice.

scholarly journals Differences in spawning time of captive Atlantic cod from four regions of Norway, kept under identical conditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkon Otterå ◽  
Ann-Lisbeth Agnalt ◽  
Knut E. Jørstad
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Life History Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spawning Time ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Several hundred Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) were collected from selected spawning grounds along the Norwegian coast in March 2002. Four areas or regions that represent a wide range of environmental conditions were chosen for our breeding experiments: Porsangerfjord, Tysfjord, Helgeland, and Øygarden. Cod were transported to Øygarden near Bergen, individually tagged, and kept in sea cages. In both 2003 and 2004, a total of 40 family groups (adult pairs) representing the four regions were monitored for their spawning performance in separate tanks. During the spawning period, the quantity and diameter of eggs were recorded. During 2003, the time of peak spawning differed among groups. It was evident that the broodstock from the Øygarden region spawned about one month earlier than the broodstock collected from the Helgeland region. This also occurred in 2004, two years after the cod were collected, suggesting that the difference has a genetic component. Differences in life history parameters between cod populations, such as spawning cycles as described here, could be adaptive and under genetic control. This must be taken into consideration when assessing precautionary means of overcoming the problem with escapees from future cod mariculture.

scholarly journals Multivariate analysis of the cotton seed ionome reveals a shared genetic architecture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duke Pauli ◽  
Greg Ziegler ◽  
Min Ren ◽  
Matthew A. Jenks ◽  
Douglas J. Hunsaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qtl Mapping ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Shared Genetic

ABSTRACTTo mitigate the effects of heat and drought stress, a better understanding of the genetic control of physiological responses to these environmental conditions is needed. To this end, we evaluated an upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) mapping population under water-limited and well-watered conditions in a hot, arid environment. The elemental concentrations (ionome) of seed samples from the population were profiled in addition to those of soil samples taken from throughout the field site to better model environmental variation. The elements profiled in seeds exhibited moderate to high heritabilities, as well as strong phenotypic and genotypic correlations between elements that were not altered by the imposed irrigation regimes. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping results from a Bayesian classification method identified multiple genomic regions where QTL for individual elements colocalized, suggesting that genetic control of the ionome is highly interrelated. To more fully explore this genetic architecture, multivariate QTL mapping was implemented among groups of biochemically related elements. This analysis revealed both additional and pleiotropic QTL responsible for coordinated control of phenotypic variation for elemental accumulation. Machine learning algorithms that utilized only ionomic data predicted the irrigation regime under which genotypes were evaluated with very high accuracy. Taken together, these results demonstrate the extent to which the seed ionome is genetically interrelated and predictive of plant physiological responses to adverse environmental conditions.One sentence summaryThe cotton seed ionome has a shared genetic basis that provides insight into the physiological status of the plant.

scholarly journals Resistance of Castanea Clones to Phytophthora Cinnamomi: Testing and Genetic Control

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Miranda-Fontaíña ◽  
J. Fernández-López ◽  
A. M. Vettraino ◽  
A. Vannini
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Inoculation Experiment ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Soil Infestation ◽  
One Year ◽  
Clonal Heritability

Summary The resistance of chestnut clones to Phytophthora cinnamomi was evaluated by a soil inoculation experiment under controlled environmental conditions, as well as by excised and intact stem tests. One-year-old plants of fifty different clones were inoculated with two isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi and evaluated fourteen weeks after inoculation. There were significant differences among clones for all root and collar rot variables. There were significant differences for isolates of P. cinnamomi but only for the collar rot variables. A total of 84% of plants grown in infested soil showed symptoms of root rot but only 50% of the plants with root rot, showed also had collar rot. The roots of resistant clones were able to confine the colonization, in roots and from roots to collar. Percentage circumference of collar rot was the best indicator or descriptor of sensitivity, a 50% of clones were resistant or highly resistant clones, with respectively less than 20% and than 10% circumference of collar rot. Percentage of survival of plants is not sufficient to indicate resistance to the pathogen, as mortality may be affected by environmental conditions or by other pathogens. The clonal heritability of collar rot variables ranged between 0.54 and 0.71. The plants grown on inoculated soil showed a reduction in growth. The phenotypic and genotypic correlations between soil infestation characteristics and the length of necrosis in both intact and excised stem tests were positive and highly significant and indicated similar resistance rankings of the clones.

Genetic and Extragenetic Variance In Motor Performance

1977 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Q. Marisi
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Pursuit Rotor ◽  
Rotor Apparatus

A simple additive model of genes plus environment, based on intrapair similarities observed in 35 MZ and 35 like-sexed DZ twin pairs, was used to estimate the relative contribution of genetically controlled phenotypic variance in psychomotor individuality. Subjects practiced 50 trials on a pursuit rotor apparatus under a 20-sec/20-sec, work-rest schedule with a 30 min rest pause allowed between trials 30 and 31. Analyses of the data disclosed that a greater proportion of genetic factors, as opposed to nongenetic factors, appears to account for existing individual differences in motor performance among individuals subject to similar environmental conditions. The strength of this genetic control, however, systematically diminished throughout the course of practice obeying a monotonie trend over trials.

Vibration Isolator System for Electron Microscope

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
K. Ohi ◽  
M. Mizuno ◽  
T. Kasai ◽  
Y. Ohkura ◽  
K. Mizuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vibration Isolator ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Vibration Isolators ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Electron Microscopes

In recent years, with electron microscopes coming into wider use, their installation environments do not necessarily give their performance full play. Their environmental conditions include air-conditioners, magnetic fields, and vibrations. We report a jointly developed entirely new vibration isolator which is effective against the vibrations transmitted from the floor.Conventionally, large-sized vibration isolators which need the digging of a pit have been used. These vibration isolators, however, are large present problems of installation and maintenance because of their large-size.Thus, we intended to make a vibration isolator which1) eliminates the need for changing the installation room2) eliminates the need of maintenance and3) are compact in size and easily installable.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document