scholarly journals Multivariate analysis of the cotton seed ionome reveals a shared genetic architecture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duke Pauli ◽  
Greg Ziegler ◽  
Min Ren ◽  
Matthew A. Jenks ◽  
Douglas J. Hunsaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qtl Mapping ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Shared Genetic

ABSTRACTTo mitigate the effects of heat and drought stress, a better understanding of the genetic control of physiological responses to these environmental conditions is needed. To this end, we evaluated an upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) mapping population under water-limited and well-watered conditions in a hot, arid environment. The elemental concentrations (ionome) of seed samples from the population were profiled in addition to those of soil samples taken from throughout the field site to better model environmental variation. The elements profiled in seeds exhibited moderate to high heritabilities, as well as strong phenotypic and genotypic correlations between elements that were not altered by the imposed irrigation regimes. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping results from a Bayesian classification method identified multiple genomic regions where QTL for individual elements colocalized, suggesting that genetic control of the ionome is highly interrelated. To more fully explore this genetic architecture, multivariate QTL mapping was implemented among groups of biochemically related elements. This analysis revealed both additional and pleiotropic QTL responsible for coordinated control of phenotypic variation for elemental accumulation. Machine learning algorithms that utilized only ionomic data predicted the irrigation regime under which genotypes were evaluated with very high accuracy. Taken together, these results demonstrate the extent to which the seed ionome is genetically interrelated and predictive of plant physiological responses to adverse environmental conditions.One sentence summaryThe cotton seed ionome has a shared genetic basis that provides insight into the physiological status of the plant.

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis of the Cotton Seed Ionome Reveals a Shared Genetic Architecture

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1147-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duke Pauli ◽  
Greg Ziegler ◽  
Min Ren ◽  
Matthew A. Jenks ◽  
Douglas J. Hunsaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Shared Genetic

Wetting and the physiological responses of grain-fed cattle in a heated environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Gaughan ◽  
M. Shane Davis ◽  
Terry L. Mader
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Hot Days ◽  
Carry Over

A controlled crossover experimental design was used to determine the effect of altered water sprinkling duration on heifers subjected to heat stress conditions. Heifers were subjected to 3 days of thermoneutral conditions followed by 3 days of hot conditions accompanied by water sprinkling between 1300 and 1500 h (HOT1–3). Then on the following 2 days (HOT4–5), environmental conditions remained similar, but 3 heifers were sprinkled between 1200 and 1600 h (WET) and 3 were not sprinkled (NONWET). This was followed by a 1-day period (HOT6) in which environmental conditions and sprinkling regimen were similar to HOT1–3. Rectal temperature (RT) was collected hourly, and respiration rate (RR) was monitored every 2 h on HOT Days 2, 4, 5, and 6. Dry matter intake and rate of eating were also determined. Sprinkling reduced RR and RT (P < 0.01) of all heifers during HOT1–3. During HOT4–5, WET heifers had lower (P < 0.05) RT than NONWET from 1300 to 700 h and lower RR from 1400 to 2000 h. Dry matter intake of NONWET heifers was reduced by 30.6% (P < 0.05) during HOT4–5 and by 51.2% on HOT6. On HOT4–5 the dry matter intakes of WET heifers were similar to intakes under thermoneutral conditions. During HOT6, RT was again reduced following sprinkling in all heifers. Comparison of RT and RR of NONWET and WET heifers on HOT1–3 v. HOT6 revealed that under similar environmental conditions, NONWET heifers had increased RT, partially due to carry-over from HOT4–5. However, NONWET heifers had 40% lower feed intake but tended to have lower RR on HOT6 v. HOT1–3. Only RR of WET heifers was greater on HOT6, possibly a result of switching from a 4-h back to a 2-h sprinkling period, while maintaining a 62% greater intake (5.80 v. 3.58 kg/day) than NONWET heifers during this time. Results suggest that inconsistent cooling regimens may increase the susceptibility of cattle to heat stress and elicit different physiological and metabolic responses.

scholarly journals Associated dental anomalies: case report

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Gamba Garib ◽  
Nildiceli Leite Melo Zanella ◽  
Sheldon Peck
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Dental Abnormalities ◽  
Developmental Disturbances ◽  
Shared Genetic

Certain human dental anomalies frequently occur together, supporting the accumulated evidence of the shared genetic control of dental developmental disturbances. The present study reports a rare and interesting case of a 12-year-old girl with an association of multiple dental abnormalities, including agenesis, tooth malposition and delayed development. The etiology and treatment planning are discussed with reference to the literature. The clinical implications of genetically controlled patterns of dental anomalies are important in the establishment of early diagnosis and appropriate orthodontic intervention.

Genetic and environmental influences on psychological distress in the population: General Health Questionnaire analyses in UK twins

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. RIJSDIJK ◽  
H. SNIEDER ◽  
J. ORMEL ◽  
P. SHAM ◽  
D. P. GOLDBERG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
General Health ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Twin Data ◽  
Score Distribution ◽  
Shared Genetic

Background. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) is the most popular screening instrument for detecting psychiatric disorders in community samples. Using longitudinal data of a large sample of UK twin pairs, we explored (i) heritabilities of the four scales and the total score; (ii) the genetic stability over time; and (iii) the existence of differential heritable influences at the high (ill) and low (healthy) tail of the distribution.Method. At baseline we assessed the GHQ in 627 MZ and 1323 DZ female pairs and at a second occasion (3·5 years later) for a small subsample (90 MZ and 270 DZ pairs). Liability threshold models and raw ordinal maximum likelihood were used to estimate twin correlations and to fit longitudinal genetic models. We estimated extreme group heritabilities of the GHQ distribution by using a model-fitting implementation of the DeFries–Fulker regression method for selected twin data.Results. Heritabilities for Somatic Symptoms, Anxiety, Social Dysfunction, Depression and total score were 0·37, 0·40, 0·20, 0·42 and 0·44, respectively. The contribution of shared genetic factors to the correlations between time points is substantial for the total score (73%). Group heritabilities of 0·48 and 0·43 were estimated for the top and bottom 10% of the total GHQ score distribution, respectively.Conclusion. The overall heritability of the GHQ as a measure of psychosocial distress was substantial (44%), with all scales having significant additive genetic influences that persisted across time periods. Extreme group analyses suggest that the genetic control of resilience is as important as the genetic control of vulnerability.

Genetic control of grain yield and grain physical characteristics in a bread wheat population grown under a range of environmental conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 127 (7) ◽  
pp. 1607-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lancelot Maphosa ◽  
Peter Langridge ◽  
Helen Taylor ◽  
Boris Parent ◽  
Livinus C. Emebiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Wheat Population

scholarly journals Shared genetic background between children and adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Rovira ◽  
Ditte Demontis ◽  
Cristina Sánchez-Mora ◽  
Tetyana Zayats ◽  
Marieke Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Common Genetic Variants ◽  
Shared Genetic

AbstractAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by age-inappropriate symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity that persist into adulthood in the majority of the diagnosed children. Despite several risk factors during childhood predicting the persistence of ADHD symptoms into adulthood, the genetic architecture underlying the trajectory of ADHD over time is still unclear. We set out to study the contribution of common genetic variants to the risk for ADHD across the lifespan by conducting meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies on persistent ADHD in adults and ADHD in childhood separately and comparing the genetic background between them in a total sample of 17,149 cases and 32,411 controls. Our results show nine new independent loci and support a shared contribution of common genetic variants to ADHD in children and adults. No subgroup heterogeneity was observed among children, while this group consists of future remitting and persistent individuals. We report similar patterns of genetic correlation of ADHD with other ADHD-related datasets and different traits and disorders among adults, children and when combining both groups. These findings confirm that persistent ADHD in adults is a neurodevelopmental disorder and extend the existing hypothesis of a shared genetic architecture underlying ADHD and different traits to a lifespan perspective.

Towards understanding the neural origins of hibernation

2022 ◽  
Vol 225 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine S. Junkins ◽  
Sviatoslav N. Bagriantsev ◽  
Elena O. Gracheva
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Quiescent State ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
In Vivo Calcium Imaging

ABSTRACT Hibernators thrive under harsh environmental conditions instead of initiating canonical behavioral and physiological responses to promote survival. Although the physiological changes that occur during hibernation have been comprehensively researched, the role of the nervous system in this process remains relatively underexplored. In this Review, we adopt the perspective that the nervous system plays an active, essential role in facilitating and supporting hibernation. Accumulating evidence strongly suggests that the hypothalamus enters a quiescent state in which powerful drives to thermoregulate, eat and drink are suppressed. Similarly, cardiovascular and pulmonary reflexes originating in the brainstem are altered to permit the profoundly slow heart and breathing rates observed during torpor. The mechanisms underlying these changes to the hypothalamus and brainstem are not currently known, but several neuromodulatory systems have been implicated in the induction and maintenance of hibernation. The intersection of these findings with modern neuroscience approaches, such as optogenetics and in vivo calcium imaging, has opened several exciting avenues for hibernation research.

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