Interactive effect of heavy metals and temperature on the growth, and chlorophyll, saccharides and soluble nitrogen contents inPhaseolus plants

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. A. Gadallah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Specific effect of high-pressure treatment of milk on cheese proteolysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Buffa ◽  
Buenaventura Guamis ◽  
Antonio J Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Free Amino ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Pressure Treatment ◽  
Amino Acid Production ◽  
Trichloracetic Acid ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Milk Treatment

The extent of primary and secondary proteolysis of cheeses made from raw (RA), pasteurized (PA, 72 °C, 15 s) or pressure-treated (PR, 500 MPa, 15 min, 20 °C) goats' milk was assessed. Modifications in cheese-making technology were introduced to obtain cheeses with the same moisture content, and thus studied per se the effect of milk treatment on cheese proteolysis.The PR milk cheese samples were differentiated from RA and PA milk cheeses by their elevated β-lg content, and by the faster degradation of αs1-, αs2- and β-CN throughout ripening. Non-significant differences were found in either pH 4·6 soluble-nitrogen or trichloracetic acid soluble-nitrogen contents of cheeses. However, the pasteurization of milk decreased the free amino acid production in cheese. The RA milk cheeses had the highest amount of proline and the lowest concentrations of serine, tyrosine, arginine and α-aminobutyric acid, whereas PR milk cheese showed higher levels of arginine.

scholarly journals Phytostabilization of Zn and Cd in Mine Soil Using Corn in Combination with Manure-Based Biochar and Compost

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Sigua ◽  
Jeff Novak ◽  
Don Watts ◽  
Jim Ippolito ◽  
Thomas Ducey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Mine Soil ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Corn Plants

Mining activities could produce a large volume of spoils, waste rocks, and tailings, which are usually deposited at the surface and become sources of metal pollution. Phytostabilization of the mine spoils could limit the spread of these heavy metals. Phytostabilization can be enhanced by using soil amendments like manure-based biochar capable of immobilizing metal(loid)s when combined with plant species that are tolerant of high levels of contaminants while simultaneously improving properties of mine soils. However, the use of manure-based biochar and other organic amendments for mine spoil remediation are still unclear. In this greenhouse study, we evaluated the interactive effect of biochar application and compost on shoots biomass yield (SBY), roots biomass yield (RBY), uptake, and bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Zn and Cd in corn (Zea mays L.) grown in mine soil. Biochar sources (BS) consisted of beef cattle manure (BCM); poultry litter (PL); and lodge pole pine (LPP) were applied at 0, 2.5, and 5.0% (w/w) in combination with different rates (0, 2.5, and 5.0%, w/w) of cattle manure compost (CMC), respectively. Shoots and roots uptake of Cd and Zn were significantly affected by BS, CMC, and the interaction of BS and CMC. Corn plants that received 2.5% PL and 2.5% BCM had the greatest Cd and Zn shoot uptake, respectively. Corn plants with 5% BCM had the greatest Cd and Zn root uptake. When averaged across BS, the greatest BCF for Cd in the shoot of 92.3 was from the application BCM and the least BCF was from the application of PL (72.8). Our results suggest that incorporation of biochar enhanced phytostabilization of Cd and Zn with concentrations of water-soluble Cd and Zn lowest in soils amended with both manure-based biochars while improving biomass productivity of corn. Overall, phytostabilization technique and biochar application have the potential to be combined in the remediation of heavy metals polluted soils.

Proteolysis Characterization of Low- and Full-Fat Cheese Fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus during Ripening Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1293-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Xiang Zhao ◽  
Si Hai Lu ◽  
Hua Di Sun ◽  
Sheng Yang Niu ◽  
Fei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Trichloracetic Acid ◽  
Automatic Amino Acid Analyzer ◽  
Amino Acid Analyzer ◽  
Low Fat Cheese ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Abstract. Low- and full-fat cheeses were fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus and adjunct cultures Streptococcus thermophilus. After ripening for 90d at 4°C, the protein had been proteolysed in different degrees. The results showed that protein content of low- and full-fat cheese were all decreased after 90 d ripened, which the low-fat cheese was 40.45% and full-fat cheese was 28.68%. The soluble nitrogen contents at pH 4.6 (pH 4.6 SN) were 4.97% and 3.88%, and 12% (w/v) trichloracetic acid soluble nitrogen (12% TCA-SN) were 5.17% and 3.74% in low- and full-fat cheese respectively. After ripening for 90d at 4°C it was found that a part of protein in cheese were degraded into amino acids determined by automatic amino acid analyzer, total amino acids contents in low- and full-fat cheese were 29.17 mg•100g-1 and 16.02 mg•100g-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Phytostabilization of Zn and Cd in Mine Soil Using Corn in Combination with Biochars and Manure-Based Compost

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert C. Sigua ◽  
Jeff M. Novak ◽  
Don W. Watts ◽  
Jim A. Ippolito ◽  
Thomas F. Ducey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mine Soil ◽  
Mine Spoils ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Waste Rocks ◽  
Corn Plants

Mining activities could produce a large volume of spoils, waste rocks, and tailings, which are usually deposited at the surface and become a source of metal pollution. Phytostabilization of the mine spoils could limit the spread of these heavy metals. Phytostabilization can be enhanced by using soil amendments such as manure-based biochars capable of immobilizing metal(loid)s when combined with plant species that are tolerant of high levels of contaminants while simultaneously improving properties of mine soils. However, the use of manure-based biochars and other organic amendments for mine spoil remediation are still unclear. In this greenhouse study, we evaluated the interactive effect of biochar additions (BA) with or without the manure-based compost (MBC) on the shoots biomass (SBY), roots biomass (RBY), uptake, and bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Zn and Cd in corn (Zea mays L.) grown in mine soil. Biochar additions consisting of beef cattle manure (BCM); poultry litter (PL); and lodge pole pine (LPP) were applied at 0, 2.5, and 5.0% (w/w) in combination with different rates (0, 2.5, and 5.0%, w/w) of MBC, respectively. Shoots and roots uptake of Cd and Zn were significantly affected by BA, MBC, and the interaction of BA and MBC. Corn plants that received 2.5% PL and 2.5% BCM had the greatest Cd and Zn shoot uptake, respectively. Corn plants with 5% BCM had the greatest Cd and Zn root uptake. When averaged across BA, the greatest BCF for Cd in the shoot of 92.3 was from the application of BCM and the least BCF was from the application of PL (72.8). Our results suggest that the incorporation of biochar enhanced phytostabilization of Cd and Zn with concentrations of water-soluble Cd and Zn lowest in soils amended with manure-based biochars while improving the biomass productivity of corn. Overall, the phytostabilization technique and biochar additions have the potential to be combined in the remediation of heavy metals polluted soils.

scholarly journals Effects of combined treatment of cadmium and oxytetracycline on the terrestrial isopod Porcellio leavis

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Mohammad ◽  
T. Mohammed ◽  
K. A. El-Wakeil ◽  
M. M. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Total Free Amino Acids ◽  
Living Organisms

Abstract The influence of pharmaceutical residues and heavy metals on living organisms has received global attention. The present study assessed the interactive effect of antibiotic residues and heavy metals in soil, as contaminated food with cadmium (Cd) and oxytetracycline (OTC) on the isopod Porcellio leavis. It was fed on fresh plant leaves contaminated with different concentrations of cadmium, Cd+OTC1000 ppm, Cd+OTC2000 ppm and Cd+OTC3000 ppm for 4 weeks. The changes in the feeding patterns, protein, lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase activity (CAT), and total free amino acids (TFAA) were recorded. There were significant differences in the obtained results where Cd reduced the egestion ratio (ER) however, OTC enhanced this ratio. Biochemical analysis illustrated that combination between OTC and Cd inhibits the toxic effects of Cd at low concentration (1000 ppm), while at high concentration (3000 ppm) raise the toxicity. Detailed studies are required for further understanding of the interaction between OTC and heavy metals, and also its impact on soil animals and for improving soil risk evaluation.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effect of Bacillus sp. MN-54 and Organic Amendments Combination on Maize Plants Growth and Physiology Under Chromium Toxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abubakar ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Zulfiqar Ahmad ◽  
Sardar Alam Cheema ◽  
Ali Sultan Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Maize Plants

Inoculation of bacteria increase the growth of maize by facilitating the nutrients uptake and improving the immunity of plants and ability against pathogens, harmful substances such as heavy metals and other diseases. Likewise, organic amendments also increase the growth of plants by providing ample amount of readily available nutrients and improving soil physical conditions and ameliorating heavy metals toxicity. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the interactive effect of bacteria and organic amendments on Cr uptake and growth of maize irrigated with tannery effluent. Biochar and processed animal manure were applied at the rate of 1% (w/w). The experiment was conducted as Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. During the experiment various growth, physiological and biochemical parameters were measured by using standard procedures. Combination of Bacillus sp. MN-54 and low pH animal manure increased the plant height by 72%, chlorophyll content by 56%, water use efficiency by 68%, electrolyte leakage decreased by 51%, transpiration rate increased by 45%, RWC 57%, stomatal conductance 62%, photosynthetic rate 57% whereas Cr decreased the shoot growth by 45% over their control treatment. Overall the bacterial species evaluated in this study along with biochar and animal manure imparted heavy metal tolerance to maize plants evidenced by improved growth and physiology.

scholarly journals Effect of precipitation and sediment concentration on the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Pasikhan River

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eisa Ebrahimi ◽  
Hossein Asadi ◽  
Mohammad Rahmani ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Farhangi ◽  
Afshin Ashrafzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Anzali Wetland ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Abstract Natural and anthropogenic factors influence the entry of pollutants into surface waters and their accumulation in aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to investigate precipitation and sediment concentration on the outflow of different forms of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in three primary land-use types along the Pasikhan River, the biggest river entering the Anzali Wetland in the Southern Caspian sea. Water sampling was performed on a monthly basis during the time bracket of 2017–2018. Different forms of P including total, soluble, particulate, total reactive, and dissolved reactive, and total Kjeldahl N, soluble N, particulate N, and were determined in the water samples. Total phosphorus and total Kjeldahl nitrogen contents lay within the range of 2.2–4.7 and from 0.14 to 0.33 mg l−1, respectively, downstream of the river. The highest monthly outflow of P from the watershed at the Agriculture station was recorded in October. Substantial conformity was found between the monthly trends of and and the trend of precipitation. The results indicated that sediment load intensified after an increase in the rainfall rate, leading to elevated N and P concentrations in the river water, mainly as particulate phosphorus and soluble nitrogen. It can also be inferred from the result that the concentration of N and P is directly related to the sediment concentration increase due to the rainfall. Increasing levels of nutrients such as N and P in the Pasikhan River can cause eutrophication in the Anzali Wetland, which needs conservative measures for reducing these elements' dynamic in the watershed.

Etude du métabolisme de l’eau et de l’azote dans l’hépatopancréas et l’ovaire de Carcinus maenas

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-L. M. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Measurements were made of variations in water, protein, and soluble nitrogen in the hepatopancreas of Carcinus maenas during the intermolt cycle and in the ovary during ovogenesis. Analyses of hepatopancreas show three reasons for the variations in protein and soluble nitrogen contents: entry of water into the organism during and after exuviation and a corresponding dilution of the constituents, alternation of fasting and feeding during the intermolt cycle, and heavy demands of ovogenesis resulting in a decrease in nitrogen in the hepatopancreas. Variations in the metabolism of water and nitrogen are shown in the ovary during ovogenesis.

scholarly journals Effects of Milk Storage Temperature at the Farm on the Characteristics of Parmigiano Reggiano Cheese: Chemical Composition and Proteolysis

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Piero Franceschi ◽  
Massimo Malacarne ◽  
Paolo Formaggioni ◽  
Michele Faccia ◽  
Andrea Summer
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Cheese Making ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Milk Storage ◽  
Parmigiano Reggiano

Parmigiano Reggiano is a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) cheese whose official production protocol provides that milk cannot be stored at less than 18 °C at the farm. The possibility of refrigerating milk at the farm is highly debated, since it should allow for the limiting of bacterial growth, thus improving the quality of the cheese. The present research aimed to study the influence of storing the milk at 9 °C on the chemical composition and proteolysis during the ripening of Parmigiano Reggiano cheese. The experimentation considered six cheese-making trials, in which both evening and morning milks were subdivided into two parts that were maintained at 9 and 20 °C. After Parmigiano Reggiano cheese-making, one of the twin wheels obtained was analyzed after 21 months of ripening. From each cheese, two different samples were taken, one from the inner zone, and the other from the outer zone. The results of the chemical analyses evidenced that milk storage at 9 °C significantly (p ≤ 0.05) influenced fat, crude protein, soluble nitrogen and peptone nitrogen contents. Nevertheless, the differences observed with respect to the cheese obtained with milk stored under standard condition were very small and should be considered within the “normal variations” of Parmigiano Reggiano chemical characteristics.

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