Etude du métabolisme de l’eau et de l’azote dans l’hépatopancréas et l’ovaire de Carcinus maenas

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-L. M. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Measurements were made of variations in water, protein, and soluble nitrogen in the hepatopancreas of Carcinus maenas during the intermolt cycle and in the ovary during ovogenesis. Analyses of hepatopancreas show three reasons for the variations in protein and soluble nitrogen contents: entry of water into the organism during and after exuviation and a corresponding dilution of the constituents, alternation of fasting and feeding during the intermolt cycle, and heavy demands of ovogenesis resulting in a decrease in nitrogen in the hepatopancreas. Variations in the metabolism of water and nitrogen are shown in the ovary during ovogenesis.

Specific effect of high-pressure treatment of milk on cheese proteolysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Buffa ◽  
Buenaventura Guamis ◽  
Antonio J Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Free Amino ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Pressure Treatment ◽  
Amino Acid Production ◽  
Trichloracetic Acid ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Milk Treatment

The extent of primary and secondary proteolysis of cheeses made from raw (RA), pasteurized (PA, 72 °C, 15 s) or pressure-treated (PR, 500 MPa, 15 min, 20 °C) goats' milk was assessed. Modifications in cheese-making technology were introduced to obtain cheeses with the same moisture content, and thus studied per se the effect of milk treatment on cheese proteolysis.The PR milk cheese samples were differentiated from RA and PA milk cheeses by their elevated β-lg content, and by the faster degradation of αs1-, αs2- and β-CN throughout ripening. Non-significant differences were found in either pH 4·6 soluble-nitrogen or trichloracetic acid soluble-nitrogen contents of cheeses. However, the pasteurization of milk decreased the free amino acid production in cheese. The RA milk cheeses had the highest amount of proline and the lowest concentrations of serine, tyrosine, arginine and α-aminobutyric acid, whereas PR milk cheese showed higher levels of arginine.

Proteolysis Characterization of Low- and Full-Fat Cheese Fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus during Ripening Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1293-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Xiang Zhao ◽  
Si Hai Lu ◽  
Hua Di Sun ◽  
Sheng Yang Niu ◽  
Fei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Trichloracetic Acid ◽  
Automatic Amino Acid Analyzer ◽  
Amino Acid Analyzer ◽  
Low Fat Cheese ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Abstract. Low- and full-fat cheeses were fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus and adjunct cultures Streptococcus thermophilus. After ripening for 90d at 4°C, the protein had been proteolysed in different degrees. The results showed that protein content of low- and full-fat cheese were all decreased after 90 d ripened, which the low-fat cheese was 40.45% and full-fat cheese was 28.68%. The soluble nitrogen contents at pH 4.6 (pH 4.6 SN) were 4.97% and 3.88%, and 12% (w/v) trichloracetic acid soluble nitrogen (12% TCA-SN) were 5.17% and 3.74% in low- and full-fat cheese respectively. After ripening for 90d at 4°C it was found that a part of protein in cheese were degraded into amino acids determined by automatic amino acid analyzer, total amino acids contents in low- and full-fat cheese were 29.17 mg•100g-1 and 16.02 mg•100g-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of precipitation and sediment concentration on the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Pasikhan River

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eisa Ebrahimi ◽  
Hossein Asadi ◽  
Mohammad Rahmani ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Farhangi ◽  
Afshin Ashrafzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Anzali Wetland ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Abstract Natural and anthropogenic factors influence the entry of pollutants into surface waters and their accumulation in aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to investigate precipitation and sediment concentration on the outflow of different forms of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in three primary land-use types along the Pasikhan River, the biggest river entering the Anzali Wetland in the Southern Caspian sea. Water sampling was performed on a monthly basis during the time bracket of 2017–2018. Different forms of P including total, soluble, particulate, total reactive, and dissolved reactive, and total Kjeldahl N, soluble N, particulate N, and were determined in the water samples. Total phosphorus and total Kjeldahl nitrogen contents lay within the range of 2.2–4.7 and from 0.14 to 0.33 mg l−1, respectively, downstream of the river. The highest monthly outflow of P from the watershed at the Agriculture station was recorded in October. Substantial conformity was found between the monthly trends of and and the trend of precipitation. The results indicated that sediment load intensified after an increase in the rainfall rate, leading to elevated N and P concentrations in the river water, mainly as particulate phosphorus and soluble nitrogen. It can also be inferred from the result that the concentration of N and P is directly related to the sediment concentration increase due to the rainfall. Increasing levels of nutrients such as N and P in the Pasikhan River can cause eutrophication in the Anzali Wetland, which needs conservative measures for reducing these elements' dynamic in the watershed.

scholarly journals Effects of Milk Storage Temperature at the Farm on the Characteristics of Parmigiano Reggiano Cheese: Chemical Composition and Proteolysis

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Piero Franceschi ◽  
Massimo Malacarne ◽  
Paolo Formaggioni ◽  
Michele Faccia ◽  
Andrea Summer
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Cheese Making ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Milk Storage ◽  
Parmigiano Reggiano

Parmigiano Reggiano is a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) cheese whose official production protocol provides that milk cannot be stored at less than 18 °C at the farm. The possibility of refrigerating milk at the farm is highly debated, since it should allow for the limiting of bacterial growth, thus improving the quality of the cheese. The present research aimed to study the influence of storing the milk at 9 °C on the chemical composition and proteolysis during the ripening of Parmigiano Reggiano cheese. The experimentation considered six cheese-making trials, in which both evening and morning milks were subdivided into two parts that were maintained at 9 and 20 °C. After Parmigiano Reggiano cheese-making, one of the twin wheels obtained was analyzed after 21 months of ripening. From each cheese, two different samples were taken, one from the inner zone, and the other from the outer zone. The results of the chemical analyses evidenced that milk storage at 9 °C significantly (p ≤ 0.05) influenced fat, crude protein, soluble nitrogen and peptone nitrogen contents. Nevertheless, the differences observed with respect to the cheese obtained with milk stored under standard condition were very small and should be considered within the “normal variations” of Parmigiano Reggiano chemical characteristics.

PROTEOLYSIS AND FERMENTATION OF GRAIN-CORN ENSILED AT SEVERAL MOISTURE LEVELS AND UNDER SEVERAL SIMULATED STORAGE METHODS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. BARON ◽  
K. R. STEVENSON ◽  
J. G. BUCHANAN-SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Fourth Trial ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Storage Methods ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Proteolysis of ensiled grain corn (Zea mays L.) was studied in both whole-kernel and ground forms at initial grain moisture levels ranging from 22 to 36%. Three trials simulated and examined the effects of anaerobic fermentation, aerobic pre-ensiling and aerobic postensiling environments on soluble nitrogen (SN) formation (Trials 1, 2 and 3, respectively). Sealed mason jars (1.2 L) with fermentation locks, polyethylene-lined metal pails (23 L) and polyethylene-lined metal pails with fermentation locks were used as storage containers in Trials 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Soluble nitrogen as a percent of total nitrogen (TN) increased substantially during anaerobic fermentation (0–90 d), but increased only slightly and not at all during aerobic storage pre-ensiling (0–5 d) and postensiling (0–8 d). As moisture level increased, rates and extent of fermentation and proteolysis increased in both whole and ground grain (Trial 1). Soluble nitrogen contents after 90 d of sealed storage were approximately double for ensiled corn above compared to below 30% moisture. Grinding increased the rate but not the extent of proteolysis at grain moisture levels above 30%; grinding had little effect on SN formation or fermentation parameters at lower moisture percentages. A fourth trial compared the effect of three low-rate organic acid treatments to ground and sealed corn and an unsealed 1.5% (wt/wt) acetic:propionic acid (20:80) treatment on whole kernels for proteolysis in grain corn at 28% moisture. Only a 0.2% (wt/wt) acetic:propionic:formic acid:formaldehyde (10:40:20:30) treatment partially inhibited proteolysis; it did not control mold growth. A 1.5% acetic propionic acid treatment inhibited fermentation, but produced SN contents similar to the ensiled control. Key words: Proteolysis, corn, simulated, storage methods, moisture level

Ca++-ATPase activity in the hepatopancreas cells of Oniscus asellus

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 820-821
Author(s):  
G.M. Vernon ◽  
A. Surace ◽  
R. Witkus
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Calcium Transport ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Molt Cycle ◽  
Copper And Zinc

The hepatopancreas consists of a pair of bilobed tubules comprised of two epithelial cell types. S cells are absorptive and accumulate metals such as copper and zinc. Ca++ concentrations vary between the S and B cells and during the molt cycle. Roer and Dillaman implicated Ca++-ATPase in calcium transport during molting in Carcinus maenas. This study was undertaken to compare the localization of Ca++-ATPase activity in the S and B cells during intermolt.

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