Nutritional Value and Anti-inflammation Activity of Misutkaru with Added Gryllus bimaculatus Powder

Purpose: This study investigated the nutritional value of Misutkaru with added Gryllus bimaculatus powder (GBM) and its applicability as a healthy functional food.Methods: Chemical analysis of the moisture, crude fat, protein, and mineral contents was performed in accordance with the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) guidelines. The amino acid and fatty acid compositions were analyzed using an automatic amino acid analyzer and gas chromatography, respectively. The levels of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor‑alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL‑6) induced by lipopolysaccharides in RAW 264.7 cells were measured.Results: The general composition per 100 g of GBM was 41.87 g protein, 19.75 g fat, and 28.52 g carbohydrates. The mineral content per 100 g of GBM was 889.66 mg calcium, 1189.73 mg potassium, 220.36 mg magnesium, 207.51 mg sodium, 694.81 mg phosphorus, and 15.50 mg zinc. In particular, valine (21.361 mg/kg), leucine (29.180 mg/kg), and isoleucine (15.562 mg/kg) were abundant in GBM. GBM also effectively downregulated the production of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 macrophages.Conclusion: Misutkaru with added Gryllus bimaculatus powder may have potential for application in the development of food materials or foods to prevent muscle loss in elderly individuals and sarcopenia patients, build muscle, and prevent increase in blood lipid concentrations in middle aged people. In particular, as Gryllus bimaculatus is low in fat and carbohydrates, it can be used as a diet material.

Correction of imbalance of essentialaminoacids of blood plasma in Patients with stableangina

Introduction. Ischemic heart disease is the leading nosology calunit in the structure of cardiovascular diseases interms of disability and mortality among the population of Ukraine. The purpose. To improve the treatment of patients with stable angina by studying the effect of L-arginine on the balance of essential amino acids in blood plasma. Material and methods. It was examined 85 patients with stable angina. They were divided into two groups: group Ipatients received antianginal basic therapy, group II patients received basic antianginal therapy and L-arginine. The amino acid spectrum of patients' blood plasma was studied by ion-exchange liquid column chromatography, using an automatic amino acid analyzer T-339 Microtechna (Czech Republic, Prague). Results and discussion. In patients with stable angina who received basic therapy and L-arginine, in contrast to patients who received only basic therapy, plasma levels of arginine became normalized, which probably contributes to the synthesis of NO. The level of valine, leucine and isoleucine, which provide the synthesis of acyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA, became also normalized.Conclusion. Administration of L-arginine to patients with stable angina together with antianginal therapy helps to correct plasma amino acid imbalances, which is likely to effectively affect the course of the disease and prognosis.

Rotavirus-Induced Diarrhea Changes the Proteins, Amino Acids and Fatty Acids Profiles in Fecal Samples of the Infants

Background: Rotavirus-induced diarrhea (RD) could cause disorders in food protein and fat metabolism of infants the changes of which have not been clearly revealed; however, relevant studies are limited. Objectives: The aim was to investigate the changes of proteins, amino acids and fatty acids profiles in fecal samples of the infants caused by RD. Methods: A total of 30 fecal samples were collected from 15 RD infants and 15 healthy infants. The compositions of fecal proteins, amino acids and fatty acids profiles in all fecal samples were analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), automatic amino acid analyzer and gas chromatography (GC), respectively. Results: Compared to H infants, the feces in RD infants had lower contents of proteins with 50 - 55, 79 - 80, and 84 - 85 KDa, meanwhile higher contents of proteins with 67 - 69 KDa. The levels of aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glycinc, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, histidine, arginine, and proline in the feces from RD infants were significantly lower than that of H infants (P < 0.05). The relative proportions of butyric acid, elaidic acid, linoleic acid, cis-11, 14-icotenic acid, cis-11, 14, 17- epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, cis-13, 16-docosanoic acid, and cis-7, 10, 13, 16,19 docosapentaenoic acid in feces from RD infants decreased significantly compared to those of H infants (P < 0.05). On the contrary, significant increases in the relative proportions of caprylic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, cis-10-heptadecaenoic acid, oleic acid, and γ-linoleic acid were found in the; feces of RD infants (P < .05). Conclusions: RD changed the proteins, amino acids, and fatty acids profiles in infants feces, which improved the understanding of relationship between RD and fecal metabolites profile.

Analysis and mapping quantitative trait loci for histidine content in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using microsatellite markers

Mining the gene of histidine content in barley grain helps with the breeding of functional barley varieties. The study constructed a recombinant inbred lines (RILs) containing 193 families derived from the cross between Ziguangmangluoerling (ZGMLEL) (♀) and Schooner No.3 (♂). The histidine (HIS) content in the grain of the mapping population and its parents were determined by an automatic amino acid analyzer. The HIS content of ZGMLEL was 0.53 mg/g. The grain HIS content of Schooner No. 3 was 0.21 mg/g, and the grain HIS content of population ranged from 0.23 to 0.54. Genetic linkage maps, including those of seven chromosomes of barley, were constructed by using 180 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, with a total genetic distance of 2671.03 cM and average marker spacing of 14.84 cM. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) IciMappingV3.3 was used to analyze QTL of HIS content in barley grains, and three QTLs were detected. Mapping results showed that the three loci were located on chromosomes 2H, 4H, and 7H, respectively. The major QTL with a contribution rate of 10.11% was located on barley chromosome 4H (HVBAMMGB84-BMAG0808). The additive effect is positive (0.025). Thus, it comes from the high-value parent ZGMLEL. Another major QTL with a contribution rate of 13.75% was located on barley chromosome 7H (GBM1303-GMS056). The minor QTL with a contribution rate of 6.01% was located on chromosome 2H (Scssr03381-Scssr07759). The additive effects of 4H and 7H QTLs were negative (− 0.02 and − 0.033). So, they came from the male parent Schooner. The results provided a reference for further fine mapping, cloning, and transformation of HIS genes in barley grains.

The effect of L-arginine on the balance of essential amino acids in plasma of the patients with stable angina

Background. Despite the significant achievements of clinical medicine in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease, the levels of morbidity, disability and mortality among the population of Ukraine from this pathology remain consistently high. The purpose. To improve the treatment of patients with stable angina by studying the effect of L-arginine on the balance of essential amino acids in blood plasma. Material and methods. It was examined 67 patients with stable angina. They were divided into two groups: group Ipatients received antianginal basic therapy, group II patients received basic antianginal therapy and L-arginine. The amino acid spectrum of patients' blood plasma was studied by ion-exchange liquid column chromatography, using an automatic amino acid analyzer T-339 Microtechna (Czech Republic, Prague). Results and discussion. In patients with stable angina who received basic therapy and L-arginine, in contrast to patients who received only basic therapy, plasma levels of arginine became normalized, which probably contributes to the synthesis of NO. The level of valine, leucine and isoleucine, which provide the synthesis of acyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA, became also normalized. Conclusion. Administration of L-arginine to patients with stable angina together with antianginal therapy helps to correct plasma amino acid imbalances, which is likely to effectively affect the course of the disease and prognosis.

Application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Investigate Some Endogenic Properties of Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivars

Fourteen different Pleurotus ostreatus cultivars (Po_1–Po_14) were tested for free amino acid content (fAA), total polyphenol content (TPC), and antioxidant capacity (Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma—FRAP) to select the cultivars with the most favorable traits. Automatic amino acid analyzer (fAA) and spectrophotometric assay (TPC, FRAP) results as well as Fourier-transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectra were evaluated with different chemometric methods (Kruskal–Wallis test, Principal Component Analysis—PCA, Linear Discriminant Analysis—LDA). Based on total free amino acid concentrations and FRAP values, the Po_2 cultivar was found to be the most favorable. Types Po_3, Po_8, Po_10 and Po_12 were separated using PCA. Based on the spectral profile, they may contain polyphenols and reducing compounds of different qualities. LDA classification that was based on the concentrations of all free amino acids, cysteine, and proline of the cultivars was performed with an accuracy of over 90%. LDA classification that was based on the TPC and FRAP values was performed with an accuracy of over 83%.

Comparative Analysis of Free Amino Acids in Parapenaeopsis hardwickii, Penaeus vannamei and Macrobrachium nipponensis

The contents of free amino acids(FAAs) in Parapenaeopsis hardwickii, Penaeus vannamei and Macrobrachium nipponensis was analyzed by using the automatic amino acid analyzer in this study. The results show that the sequence from the highest to the lowest in total amount of FAAs is Parapenaeopsis hardwickii, Penaeus vannamei and Macrobrachium nipponensis. SPSS(19.0) results indicate that except for Cys, Lys and Thr, FAAs in these three shrimps are significant different (p<0.05), and all of them have a high concentration of Arg, Gly and Pro and a low concentration of Asp and Cys. The content of Gly in shrimp is higher than that of crab and oyster. Both Arg and Gly significantly contribute to the taste of the three shrimps, Glu and Pro play an important role in the flavor of Parapenaeopsis hardwickii and Penaeus vannamei, while not as significant as in the taste of Macrobrachium nipponensis. Composition modes of FAAs which make major contributions to flavor in marine shrimps, Parapenaeopsis hardwickii and Penaeus vannamei, are similar, but different from freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium nipponensis.

Identification of Different Varieties of Oyster Juice Based on the Comparison of Free Amino Acids

To identify different varieties of oyster juice, a study was conducted to compare the free amino acids (FAAs) determined by automatic amino-acid analyzer in Southern oyster juice, Pacific oyster juice and Pearl oyster juice. In 18 amino acids, glutamic acids, glycine, alanine were considered to be the main flavor amino acids in oyster juice according to the method of Taste Activity Value (TAV). Serine, glycine, alanine, arginine, threonine and histidine proved to be the characteristic amino acids in three oyster juice with different Brix degrees. The standard characteristic amino acids content model chart was established, and it was worked as a characteristic index to identify different varieties of oyster juice. According to the result calculated by included angle cosine, the similarity between the characteristic amino acids content model chart of Southern oyster juice and that of a bottle of market oyster juice turned to be 0.9693.

Analysis of variation of main components during aging process of Shanxi Aged Vinegar

Shanxi aged vinegar (SAV) is the most famous traditional vinegar in northern China. It is produced from several kinds of cereal by spontaneous solid-state fermentation techniques. The distinctive processing techniques such as <em>smoking of the Pei</em>, aging by <em>insolating in summer </em>and <em>taking out</em> <em>ice in winter</em> formed during the long-term production practice have<em> </em>been named as the national intangible cultural heritage. Some research reports about the nutritional composition, flavor compounds of SAV have been published, but there is no report on the changes of main components during aging process in SAV. In this study, the volatile flavor compounds, amino acids, organic acids, trace elements and other conventional ingredients in SAV were examined by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, automatic amino acid analyzer, high performance liquid chromatography, plasma emission spectroscopy and other modern analytical techniques. The results showed that most conventional ingredients (organic acids, free amino acids, carbohydrates) were increased during aging process. There were 20 different amino acids in SAV, the concentration of total amino acids reached 19.73 mgxmL^&ndash;1 in eight-year-old vinegar. There were 8 different organic acids in SAV, and acetic acid and lactic acid were main organic acids. A total of 58 different flavor compounds were detected in SAV. The results of this study can help us to understand the class and concentration of main components in SAV, and provide data for manufacturers to improve production process and product quality.