Simulation of generation times of the rusty grain beetle,Cryptolestes ferrugineus, in farm-stored grain in the canadian prairies, 1952-1990

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Woods ◽  
N. D. G. White ◽  
R. N. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Generation Times

ECOLOGY OF STORED GRAIN IN THE CANADIAN PRAIRIES: I. THE DISTRIBUTION AND SIZE OF A LOW DENSITY POPULATION OF CRYPTOLESTES FERRUGINEUS (COLEOPTERA: CUCUJIDAE)

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (12) ◽  
pp. 1281-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Storage Density ◽  
Insect Density ◽  
Density Population

AbstractTwo metal granaries each containing 27.3 tonnes of dry wheat (13–14% m.c.) were artificially infested with Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) and sampled for up to 4 years to determine fluctuations in insect density as influenced by changes in grain temperature and moisture content during storage. Density remained low (fewer than 5 insects/kg) throughout the period of study. Most insects were found at the floor near the wall on the south side of the granary. The temperature in the centre of the grain mass ranged from −5° to 22 °C during the 4 years. During a single season, moisture content varied as much as 5% at the centre near the surface of each grain mass, but did not vary more than 1% at other locations. In the first year of storage, the viability of the wheat ranged from 80% to 96%, and after 3 years in storage, 68% to 100%. Since no significant change was recorded in the temperature, moisture content, or germination of the wheat in the granaries, it was concluded that the biological activity of a low density population of C. ferrugineus does not initiate heating that occasionally occurs in farm-stored grain in Canada.

FIELD EVALUATION OF A PHEROMONE TO DETECT ADULT RUSTY GRAIN BEETLES, CRYPTOLESTES FERRUGINEUS (COLEOPTERA: CUCUJIDAE), IN STORED GRAIN

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Loschiavo ◽  
J. Wong ◽  
N.D.G. White ◽  
H.D. Pierce ◽  
J.H. Borden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Aggregation Pheromones ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Grain Beetles ◽  
Polyester Fibers

AbstractInsect-detection traps baited with the synthetic aggregation pheromones of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), were inserted into grain stored in primary elevator annex bins and in farm bins, or suspended in partly full or empty bins and outside under the eaves of bins. The mixture of the synthetic pheromones 4,8-dimethyl-E,E-4,8-decadienolide (ferrulactone I) and (Z)-3-dodecen-11-olide (ferrulactone II) was released from hollow polyester fibers (0.203 mm ID) positioned in the interior of the insect-detection trap. In annex bins, the number of beetles found in baited traps after 1 week ranged from 0 to 7300. In these bins, more beetles were found in traps at a depth of 30–60 cm than at 150–250 cm, and in traps with 2 fibers containing pheromone rather than with 1 fiber. In farm bins, baited and unbaited traps were relatively ineffective at grain temperatures below 14 °C. More beetles were found in baited than in unbaited traps in farm bins but the numbers were small and the differences were not significant. Few beetles were found in traps suspended in partly full or empty farm bins and none in traps suspended outside under the eaves.

FIELD TESTS OF DEVICES TO DETECT INSECTS IN DIFFERENT KINDS OF GRAIN STORAGES

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Loschiavo
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Grain Beetles ◽  
Insect Distribution ◽  
Insect Infestations ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractInsect infestations in farm-stored grain, country elevators, and grain residues or spillages were detected by probes, traps, and scoops. Of 68 storages examined at 50 Saskatchewan farms in 1970, 25 were infested with the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens). Of 52 storages examined in Saskatchewan in 1971 none of the permanent buildings was infested, but 27%, 30%, and 45% of temporary cribs, open piles, and grain residues, respectively, were infested with rusty grain beetles, fungus beetles, or both. The fungus beetles found most frequently in the traps were Lathridius minutus L. Cryptophagus varus Woodroffe and Coombs, and Cartodere constricta (Gyllenhal). A survey of different grain storages in Manitoba in 1972 showed that 44%, 45%, and 69% of country elevalors, farm granaries, and open piles of grain, respectively, were infested with fungus beetles. None of the storages contained the rusty grain beetle alone but 5% of farm granaries and 31% of open piles examined were infested with both kinds of insects. The least infestation occurred in country elevators and the highest in open piles. In general, the lowest insect infestations were in grain stored in weather-proof buildings, and the highest in exposed grain. Grain in open piles or temporary cribs suffered considerable spoilage. The traps were useful in determining insect distribution and behavior in stored grain.

scholarly journals Survey of insect pests of stored grain in New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 285-289
Author(s):  
R.B. Chapman ◽  
J.W.M. Marris ◽  
J.B. Drummond
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Previous Survey ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Storage Facilities

Producers and processors of cereal grains in New Zealand were invited in August 2015 to submit grain samples to allow extraction and identification of any insect pest species present Sixty grain samples were received of which 73 were infested with one or more insect species These were predominantly Coleoptera and Psocoptera The most frequently encountered beetle species were Oryzaephilus surinamensis Cryptolestes ferrugineus and Cortinicara hirtalis The Psocoptera were predominantly unidentified species of Liposcelis Sitophilus species and lepidopteran pests were notable by their absence The proportion of storage facilities infested by insects in this survey (73) was higher than two previous surveys (38 5063) and the proportion of storage facilities treated with insecticides (62) was lower than a previous survey (83)

A rapid method to detect Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) larvae in stored grain

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Minkevich ◽  
C. J. Demianyk ◽  
N. D. G. White ◽  
D. S. Jayas ◽  
B. Timlick
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Alternative Detection ◽  
Gradient Principle ◽  
Seed Coats

Modifications of three detection methods, based on the heat-gradient principle employed by the Berlese funnel method were investigated to extract larvae of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), developing under the seed coats of infested kernels in grain samples. One-kilogram samples of wheat, barley and corn were artificially infested with rusty grain beetle eggs, resulting in survival rates (to larval stage) of 71.1 ± 14.4, 58.9 ± 14.3, and 24.7 ± 11.8%, respectively. Sets of 10 infested kernels containing different-aged larvae (10 individuals × 4 instars) were added to 1-kg samples of hydrated grain, then heated on screens beneath heat sources (lights) at several heights in three different containers (Berlese funnel, with a 7-cm-deep grain layer, or square and rectangular screened boxes with a grain layer several kernels deep). There were no significantly different extraction rates between the rectangular and square containers for all heating trials. A larval extraction rate of 31% was produced by 1-h trials with wheat (15% moisture content wet basis) 5.5 cm below the lamp bank with a thermostat set at 50°C. This matched the efficiency of the Berlese funnel method (36% extraction in 6 h), but in much less time. Similar results were found for barley, bu t for corn the square and rectangle gave significantly better extraction than the Berlese funnel, although extraction efficiency was half that of wheat and barley. Considerably lower extraction rates were obtained from trials that did not use a thermostat. The results from this experiment show that there is a potential alternative detection method with the thermostatically controlled heating of a thin layer of grain that should be faster than the conventional 6-h Berlese funnel method. Key words: Cryptolestes ferrugineus, grain, larval extraction, Berlese funnel, grain monolayer

scholarly journals Effectiveness of carbon dioxide in compressed gas or solid formulation for the control of insects and mites in stored wheat and barley

2005 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.D.G. White ◽  
D.S. Jayas
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Compressed Gas ◽  
Grain Bulks

Carbon dioxide can be used as an effective stored-grain fumigant in relatively air-tight bins. Carbon dioxide was added to wheat (Triticum aestivum) as a compressed gas and to barley (Hordeum vulgare) as a solid (dry ice) in 322-kg grain bulks. Wheat was stored at temperature decreasing from 18 to 10°C over a 12-wk period. Bins were left open, sealed without C02 added, or with C02 supplemented at 25,34, and 46% levels. Barley was stored at temperature decreasing from 25 to 20°C over an 8-wk period. Bins were left open, sealed without C02 added, or with C02 treatments of 23, 29, and 34%. The wheat and barley moisture content were 14.5-16.3% and 14.5-16.1%, respectively. Oxygen levels in the wheat reflected air displacement with C02, but lower O2 levels in the barley reflected a combination of air displacement by C02 and consumption of O2 by respiring grain and microorganisms at the warmer temperatures. The insects Cryptolestes ferrugineus and Tribolium castaneum were controlled in 2 wk at 34% C02 and 15% O2 at temperature decreasing from 18 to 10°C, or 29% C02 and 3% O2 at temperature decreasing from 25 to 20°C. The mites Tarsonemus granarius, Lepidoglyphus destructor, and Aeroglyphus robustus were killed in less than 2 wk at these C02 levels. Seed germination and microflora were unaffected by all gaseous environments.

scholarly journals Intra- and interspecific interactions among Tribolium castaneum and Cryptolestes ferrugineus in stored wheat at different insect densities

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj B. Hulasare ◽  
Noel D.G. White ◽  
Digvir S. Jayas ◽  
Colin J. Demianyk
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Species Combination ◽  
Insect Density

Summary Cryptolestes ferrugineus and Tribolium castaneum are important economical pests of stored grain in Canada. Insects were reared separately or together on hard red spring wheat at three insect densities representing 1000, 500, and 250 adults per kilogram of wheat for single species and twice that of single densities for mixed species, in the laboratory (30°C, 70% RH). The experiment was conducted on dry (12% moisture content [MC], wet basis) and damp wheat (15% MC, wet basis). Adults were sampled every 2 weeks over a 10-week period. Sifted wheat was incubated at 30°C, 70% RH for 4 weeks to observe the number of adults emerging from immatures present under the seed coat of the wheat germ. All experiments were replicated four times. Initial insect densities, moisture content, and species combination had significant effects on the resulting adult population. Adult numbers for both species were higher on 15% MC wheat. In 12% MC wheat, T. castaneum numbers were higher than C. ferrugineus numbers when reared separately whereas this was reversed in 15% MC grain. Cryptolestes ferrugineus populations were significantly higher when reared with T. castaneum than when reared as a single species on 12% MC grain. The trend was reversed in 15% MC grain. At both grain moistures, T. castaneum numbers were higher as an isolated species compared to when reared with C. ferrugineus. The study suggested that T. castaneum populations were inhibited in the presence of C. ferrugineus. High insect density often accentuated these effects.

Simple technique to increase the sensitivity of probe traps in detecting Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) in stored wheat

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-735
Author(s):  
S. Mohan ◽  
S.S. Sivakumar ◽  
S.R. Venkatesh ◽  
G.S.V. Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Simple Technique ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Repellent Property ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
Pea Flour ◽  
Practical Implications

AbstractAn approach to enhance the performance of probe traps in detecting Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) adults in stored wheat is described. The repellent property of protein-enriched pea flour is exploited to increase the efficiency of the probe trap by treating the stored grain with the flour. The enhancement in performance of the traps was evaluated by placing the traps in wheat grains treated with protein-enriched pea flour at concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10% (w/w) and observing the number of adult beetles trapped in comparison with the trap catch in untreated wheat. The traps kept in wheat treated with protein-enriched pea flour caught more beetles than traps placed in untreated wheat. The practical implications of this work are discussed with reference to sampling for C. ferrugineus.

Knockdown-Mortality Responses of Six Stored-Product Beetle Species on Different Surfaces Treated With Thiamethoxam, Using a Standardized Lethality Index

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fotoula K Tsaganou ◽  
Thomas N Vassilakos ◽  
Christos G Athanassiou
Keyword(s):  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Plastic Surfaces ◽  
Adult Exposure ◽  
Stored Grain Insects ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Abstract Bioassays were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of thiamethoxam in different surfaces, against six stored-grain insects, Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae), and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). Six different surfaces (concrete, plywood, galvanized steel, linen, plastic, and ceramic tile) treated with thiamethoxam at 0.05 and 0.1 mg/cm2 were used as substrate for adult exposure. Knockdown was recorded after 1, 3, and 7 d of exposure to the treated surface, in order to calculate a Standardized Lethality Index (SLI). Knockdown counts were ranked from ‘0’ to ‘4’, with ‘0’ representing adult insects ‘moved generally’ and ‘4’ representing dead insects. Based on the results, insect knockdown seems leading to mortality than to recovery and the SLI ranking of the target species according to their susceptibility to thiamethoxam showed that S. granarius being more susceptible and decreasing susceptibility in an order of S. oryzae > T. castaneum ≥ O. surinamenis ≥ C. ferrugineus ≥ T. confusum. In general, among the surfaces, thiamethoxam efficacy was lower on linen, wooden, and concrete surfaces, as compared to metallic and plastic surfaces. Nevertheless, at the end of 7-d exposure, all surfaces equally affected thiamethoxam toxicity.

DISTRIBUTION OF INSECTS FOUND IN GRANARY RESIDUES IN THE CANADIAN PRAIRIES

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (10) ◽  
pp. 873-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.B. Smith ◽  
P.S. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Distribution Study ◽  
Stored Product Insects ◽  
Product Species ◽  
Prairie Provinces

AbstractA distribution study of stored-product and other insects in unswept, empty farm granaries was conducted in Manitoba in 1981, in Saskatchewan in 1982, and in Alberta in 1984.Thirteen species of stored-product insects were found in Manitoba and Saskatchewan and 12 in Alberta, indicating uniform geographical distribution among the number of pest species throughout the prairies. The most common was Tribolium audax Halstead, followed by Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) and Tenebrio molitor L. Nine fungus-feeding species were found in Manitoba, 12 in Saskatchewan, and 12 in Alberta. The most common fungus feeders were Lathridius minutus (L.), Corticarina cavicollis Mann., Cryptophagus varus W.&C., and Corticaria serrata (Paykull). Five non-stored product species of insects that were scavengers, predators, or were sheltering in the granaries were found in Manitoba, 31 in Saskatchewan, and 10 in Alberta.The distribution of six stored-product species, two fungus-feeding species, and one scavenger did not show a uniform abundance in the three prairie provinces, either in their distribution on farms or in granaries.

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