The role of τγ5-gauge invariance in a nonlinear model of elementary particles

1962 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Model ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Elementary Particles

scholarly journals Optimal Control Strategy for SEIR with Latent Period and a Saturated Incidence Rate

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abta Abdelhadi ◽  
Laarabi Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Nonlinear Model ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Optimal Control Strategy ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Saturated Incidence Rate ◽  
Saturated Incidence

We propose an SEIR epidemic model with latent period and a modified saturated incidence rate. This work investigates the fundamental role of the vaccination strategies to reduce the number of susceptible, exposed, and infected individuals and increase the number of recovered individuals. The existence of the optimal control of the nonlinear model is also proved. The optimality system is derived and then solved numerically using a competitive Gauss-Seidel-like implicit difference method.

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE POLARIZABILITY OF THE NUCLEON

1993 ◽  
Vol 08 (30) ◽  
pp. 5267-5303 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. L’VOV
Keyword(s):  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Chiral Perturbation Theory ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Energy Shift ◽  
Chiral Perturbation ◽  
Polarization Effects ◽  
Consistent Treatment

Two aspects of the nucleon electromagnetic polarizabilities, αN and βN, are discussed. The first one is the interrelation between static and Compton polarizabilities. Relativistically consistent treatment of the polarization effects based on effective Lagrangians results in the conclusion that the Compton polarizabilities, rather than the static ones, drive the energy shift of the nucleon in external fields. The cluster substructure of the static polarizabilities is shown to be crucial for consistent calculations of the polarizabilities. The second aspect concerns the dominant role of pion degrees of freedom in αN as seen through dispersion relations, chiral perturbation theory, and constituent models. The reported calculations of αN within soliton models are shown to be inconsistent with gauge invariance. The difficulties in explaining the observed large diamagnetic component of βN are emphasized.

scholarly journals Teoria splątana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Krajewska
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Entanglement State

Referring to her earlier articles, Anna Krajewska develops her own concept of “entangled theory”. Adopting the principles of operation of elementary particles in quantum physics, referred to as the “entanglement state”, she proposes to see literary studies through anti-binary, performative concepts, which include, above all, anamorphosis. She ties theory in with the process of experiencing art. She proposes to “entangle” seeing in art (the viewer in front of the painting) with the role of seeing in theory (the viewer as practising dramaturgy). In this approach, the theory appears as the theory of entanglement. In this concept, disciplines become dramaturgies.

A Problem of Mass

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Iliopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Zero Mass ◽  
Gauge Symmetries ◽  
Symmetry Properties ◽  
Long Range Interactions ◽  
The Masses

This chapter examines the constraints coming from the symmetry properties of the fundamental interactions on the possible values of the masses of elementary particles. We first establish a relation between the range of an interaction and the mass of the particle which mediates it. This relation implies, in particular, that long-range interactions are mediated by massless particles. Then we argue that gauge invariant interactions are long ranged and, therefore, the associated gauge particles must have zero mass. Second, we look at the properties of the constituents of matter, the quarks and the leptons. We introduce the notion of chirality and we show that the known properties of weak interactions, combined with the requirement of gauge invariance, force these particles also to be massless. The conclusion is that gauge symmetries appear to be incompatible with massive elementary particles, in obvious contradiction with experiment. This is the problem of mass.

Linear and nonlinear statistics of extreme waves

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Chalikov
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Extreme Waves ◽  
Linear Waves ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Nonlinear Statistics ◽  
Integral Probability

AbstractThe probability of extremely high waves is calculated by two methods. The first method is based on the direct numerical simulation of two-dimensional wave field using a three-dimensional nonlinear model. The second method consists in calculation of the probability of wave heights over ensemble of fields representing a superposition of linear waves with random phases and a spectrum similar to that obtained in the nonlinear model. It is shown that the integral probability of extreme waves are very close to each other in both cases. This implies that the role of nonlinearity in the generation of extreme waves is probably not so important as it was assumed in most papers considering this phenomenon.

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