Differential digestion of the centromeric heterochromatic regions of the 5-azacytidine-decondensed human chromosomes 1, 9, 15, and 16 by NdeII and Sau3AI restriction endonucleases

Genetica ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-238
Author(s):  
P. Mart�nez ◽  
C. Bouza ◽  
A. Vi�as ◽  
L. S�nchez
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Differential Digestion

Patterns of digestion of human chromosomes by restriction endonucleases demonstrated byin situ nick translation

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 639-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Sumner ◽  
M. H. Taggart ◽  
R. Mezzanotte ◽  
L. Ferrucci
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Nick Translation

Cryptic variants of acrocentric human chromosomes as analysed by restriction endonucleases

Genetica ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. De Cabo ◽  
P. Ludeña ◽  
M. Velázquez ◽  
C. Sentis ◽  
J. Fernández-Piqueras
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Human Chromosomes

Characterization of human chromosomal constitutive heterochromatin

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Babu ◽  
Ram S. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Selective Staining ◽  
Distamycin A ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
G 11

The constitutive heterochromatin of human chromosomes is evaluated by various selective staining techniques, i.e., CBG, G-11, distamycin A plus 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-2-HCl (DA/DAPI), the fluorochrome D287/170, and Giemsa staining following the treatments with restriction endonucleases AluI and HaeIII. It is suggested that the constitutive heterochromatin could be arbitrarily divided into at least seven types depending on the staining profiles expressed by different regions of C-bands. The pericentromeric C-bands of chromosomes 1, 5, 7, 9, 13–18, and 20–22 consist of more than one type of chromatin, of which chromosome 1 presents the highest degree of heterogeneity. Chromosomes 3 and 4 show relatively less consistent heterogeneous fractions in their C-bands. The C-bands of chromosomes 10, 19, and the Y do not have much heterogeneity but have characteristic patterns with other methods using restriction endonucleases. Chromosomes 2, 6, 8, 11, 12, and X have homogeneous bands stained by the CBG technique only. Among the chromosomes with smaller pericentric C-bands, chromosome 18 shows frequent heteromorphic variants for the size and position (inversions) of the AluI resistant fraction of C-band. The analysis of various types of heterochromatin with respect to specific satellite and nonsatellite DNA sequences suggest that the staining profiles are probably related to sequence diversity.Key words: polymorphism, heteromorphism, heterogeneity, banding, restriction endonucleases.

The action of ultraviolet light on the patterns of banding induced by restriction endonucleases in human chromosomes

Chromosoma ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor O. Bianchi ◽  
Martha S. Bianchi ◽  
James E. Cleaver
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Human Chromosomes

The effect of restriction enzyme digestion of human metaphase chromosomes on C-band variants of chromosomes 1 and 9

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Hedemann ◽  
M. Schürmann ◽  
E. Schwinger
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Digestion ◽  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Digestion ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes

Human metaphase chromosomes, fixed on slides, have been treated with 8 different restriction endonucleases and 29 combinations of 2 restriction enzymes prior to staining with Giemsa. The endonucleases AluI and DdeI and the combinations AluI + DdeI, AluI + HaeIII, AluI + HinfI, and AluI + MboI have then been used to digest metaphase chromosomes of nine individuals with C-band variants of chromosomes 1 or 9, obtained by the CBG technique. The restriction enzyme resistant chromatin of the paracentromeric regions of chromosomes 1 and 9 has been measured and compared with the corresponding CBG-bands. The size of the enzyme resistant chromatin regions depend upon the type of enzyme(s) used. Treatment with AluI + MboI was the only digestion that acted differently on different chromosome pairs. However, within one pair of homologous chromosomes, all digestions revealed the same variations as conventional C-banding.Key words: C-band variants, heterochromatin, human chromosomes, restriction endonucleases.

The mechanism and pattern of banding induced by restriction endonucleases in human chromosomes

Chromosoma ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha S. Bianchi ◽  
N�stor O. Bianchi ◽  
Gabriel E. Pantelias ◽  
Sheldon Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Human Chromosomes

Breaking up the chromosomes of Baetica ustulata by in situ treatments with restriction endonucleases

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sentís ◽  
J. Santos ◽  
J. Fernández-Piqueras
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Rates Of Convergence ◽  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Dna Base Composition ◽  
Dna Base ◽  
Different Response ◽  
High Level ◽  
Differential Digestion

Fixed chromosomes of Baetica ustulata were treated with restriction endonucleases and subsequently stained with either Giemsa or the DNA-specific dye propidium iodide. Each enzyme produces a specific banding pattern with both dyes, which demonstrates the value of restriction endonucleases for chromosome banding in this species. The results obtained agree with the hypothesis that the action of restriction enzymes is based on cutting and extraction of DNA and is essentially determined by DNA base composition rather than by chromatin structure. However, strictly centric bands could be an exception. At least nine chromatin types can be distinguished in B. ustulata according to their different response to enzyme digestion and to the fluorescence banding patterns. Differential digestion of specific heterochromatic areas in band 4.4 and in the supernumerary segment of M5 by the HpaII – MspI enzyme pair suggests a high level of DNA methylation at these regions. The distribution of the different classes of DNA repeated sequences in the chromosome complement of B. ustulata indicates that some bands seem to follow the general principles of heterochromatin equilocality, while conceited evolution of heterochromatic DNA in other regions might have different rates of convergence in this species.Key words: restriction endonucleases, chromatin heterogeneity, methylated bands, equilocality, concerted evolution.

Digestion of human chromosomes by means of the isoschizomers MspI and HpaII

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 770-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Fernandez-Peralta ◽  
P. Navarro ◽  
I. Tagarro ◽  
J. J. Gonzalez-Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Cpg Methylation ◽  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Insight Into

The isoschizomers MspI and HpaII are four base cutter (C↓CGG) restriction endonucleases, HpaII being sensitive to methylation of the internal cytosine. Human chromosomes treated with MspI have produced inconsistent results between laboratories, while HpaII has always been described as a nonbanding enzyme when used on human chromosomes. These results have been explained on the basis of both rarity of the CpG doublet in vertebrate genomes and high rate of CpG methylation (5mCpG). We demonstrated consistent banding patterns subsequent to digestions with MspI and HpaII. On euchromatin, MspI (but not HpaII) digests the DNA of R regions and thus R-bands apparently contain many more CCGG sites (mostly methylated) than G-bands. In heterochromatin, extensive digestion of the 9q12 region not only by MspI but also by HpaII reveals a heterochromatic domain with a high frequency of unmethylated CCGG sites, most probably within the satellite 3 DNA fraction. In addition, enzymatic digestions of the Yq12 heterochromatin, when this region is undercondensed by 5-azacytidine, contribute to deepen the insight into the mechanism of action of this cytidine analog and at the same time reinforce the idea of the heterogeneity of this chromosome region where domains with unmethylated CCGG sites may also exist.Key words: human chromosomes, methylation, restriction endonucleases, heterochromatin, satellite DNA.

Automatic Karyotyping of Human Chromosomes Using Band Patterns

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 154-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Chaku ◽  
◽  
Pooja Shah
Keyword(s):  
Human Chromosomes
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document