Cryptic variants of acrocentric human chromosomes as analysed by restriction endonucleases

Genetica ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. De Cabo ◽  
P. Ludeña ◽  
M. Velázquez ◽  
C. Sentis ◽  
J. Fernández-Piqueras
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Human Chromosomes

Patterns of digestion of human chromosomes by restriction endonucleases demonstrated byin situ nick translation

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 639-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Sumner ◽  
M. H. Taggart ◽  
R. Mezzanotte ◽  
L. Ferrucci
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Nick Translation

Characterization of human chromosomal constitutive heterochromatin

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Babu ◽  
Ram S. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Selective Staining ◽  
Distamycin A ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
G 11

The constitutive heterochromatin of human chromosomes is evaluated by various selective staining techniques, i.e., CBG, G-11, distamycin A plus 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-2-HCl (DA/DAPI), the fluorochrome D287/170, and Giemsa staining following the treatments with restriction endonucleases AluI and HaeIII. It is suggested that the constitutive heterochromatin could be arbitrarily divided into at least seven types depending on the staining profiles expressed by different regions of C-bands. The pericentromeric C-bands of chromosomes 1, 5, 7, 9, 13–18, and 20–22 consist of more than one type of chromatin, of which chromosome 1 presents the highest degree of heterogeneity. Chromosomes 3 and 4 show relatively less consistent heterogeneous fractions in their C-bands. The C-bands of chromosomes 10, 19, and the Y do not have much heterogeneity but have characteristic patterns with other methods using restriction endonucleases. Chromosomes 2, 6, 8, 11, 12, and X have homogeneous bands stained by the CBG technique only. Among the chromosomes with smaller pericentric C-bands, chromosome 18 shows frequent heteromorphic variants for the size and position (inversions) of the AluI resistant fraction of C-band. The analysis of various types of heterochromatin with respect to specific satellite and nonsatellite DNA sequences suggest that the staining profiles are probably related to sequence diversity.Key words: polymorphism, heteromorphism, heterogeneity, banding, restriction endonucleases.

The action of ultraviolet light on the patterns of banding induced by restriction endonucleases in human chromosomes

Chromosoma ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor O. Bianchi ◽  
Martha S. Bianchi ◽  
James E. Cleaver
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Human Chromosomes

The effect of restriction enzyme digestion of human metaphase chromosomes on C-band variants of chromosomes 1 and 9

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Hedemann ◽  
M. Schürmann ◽  
E. Schwinger
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Digestion ◽  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Digestion ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes

Human metaphase chromosomes, fixed on slides, have been treated with 8 different restriction endonucleases and 29 combinations of 2 restriction enzymes prior to staining with Giemsa. The endonucleases AluI and DdeI and the combinations AluI + DdeI, AluI + HaeIII, AluI + HinfI, and AluI + MboI have then been used to digest metaphase chromosomes of nine individuals with C-band variants of chromosomes 1 or 9, obtained by the CBG technique. The restriction enzyme resistant chromatin of the paracentromeric regions of chromosomes 1 and 9 has been measured and compared with the corresponding CBG-bands. The size of the enzyme resistant chromatin regions depend upon the type of enzyme(s) used. Treatment with AluI + MboI was the only digestion that acted differently on different chromosome pairs. However, within one pair of homologous chromosomes, all digestions revealed the same variations as conventional C-banding.Key words: C-band variants, heterochromatin, human chromosomes, restriction endonucleases.

The mechanism and pattern of banding induced by restriction endonucleases in human chromosomes

Chromosoma ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha S. Bianchi ◽  
N�stor O. Bianchi ◽  
Gabriel E. Pantelias ◽  
Sheldon Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Human Chromosomes

Digestion of human chromosomes by means of the isoschizomers MspI and HpaII

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 770-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Fernandez-Peralta ◽  
P. Navarro ◽  
I. Tagarro ◽  
J. J. Gonzalez-Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Cpg Methylation ◽  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Insight Into

The isoschizomers MspI and HpaII are four base cutter (C↓CGG) restriction endonucleases, HpaII being sensitive to methylation of the internal cytosine. Human chromosomes treated with MspI have produced inconsistent results between laboratories, while HpaII has always been described as a nonbanding enzyme when used on human chromosomes. These results have been explained on the basis of both rarity of the CpG doublet in vertebrate genomes and high rate of CpG methylation (5mCpG). We demonstrated consistent banding patterns subsequent to digestions with MspI and HpaII. On euchromatin, MspI (but not HpaII) digests the DNA of R regions and thus R-bands apparently contain many more CCGG sites (mostly methylated) than G-bands. In heterochromatin, extensive digestion of the 9q12 region not only by MspI but also by HpaII reveals a heterochromatic domain with a high frequency of unmethylated CCGG sites, most probably within the satellite 3 DNA fraction. In addition, enzymatic digestions of the Yq12 heterochromatin, when this region is undercondensed by 5-azacytidine, contribute to deepen the insight into the mechanism of action of this cytidine analog and at the same time reinforce the idea of the heterogeneity of this chromosome region where domains with unmethylated CCGG sites may also exist.Key words: human chromosomes, methylation, restriction endonucleases, heterochromatin, satellite DNA.

Automatic Karyotyping of Human Chromosomes Using Band Patterns

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 154-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Chaku ◽  
◽  
Pooja Shah
Keyword(s):  
Human Chromosomes

Linkage of genetic markers on human chromosomes 20 and 12 to NIDDM in Caucasian sib pairs with a history of diabetic nephropathy

Diabetes ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 882-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Bowden ◽  
M. Sale ◽  
T. D. Howard ◽  
A. Qadri ◽  
B. J. Spray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Human Chromosomes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sib Pairs
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