Drugs in blood samples from unconscious drug addicts after the intake of an overdose

1996 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 248-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anni Steentoft ◽  
Karen Worm ◽  
Erik Nielsen ◽  
Carsten Boe Pedersen ◽  
Michael Sprehn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Drugs In Blood

scholarly journals The metabolism of four sulphonamides in cows

1973 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poul Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Acetyl Derivative ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Unchanged Drug ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Drugs In Blood ◽  
Conjugated Metabolites

1. The metabolism of sulphanilamide, sulphadimidine (4,6-dimethyl-2-sulphanilamidopyrimidine), sulphamethoxazole (5-methyl-3-sulphanilamidoisoxazole) and sulphadoxine (5,6-dimethoxy-4-sulphanilamidopyrimidine) given by intravenous injection has been examined in cows. 2. The sulphonamides were present mainly as unchanged drugs in blood samples collected 2h after administration. 3. The sulphonamides were excreted in the milk partly as unchanged drugs and partly as conjugated metabolites whereas only small amounts were excreted as the N4-acetyl derivatives. 4. The unchanged drug and the N4-acetyl derivative were the major constituents in urine samples after administration of sulphanilamide, sulphamethoxazole and sulphadoxine. 5. Besides the unchanged drug, the N4-acetyl derivative and the conjugated metabolites, three further metabolites of sulphadimidine were isolated from urine samples and identified. They were 5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-2-sulphanilamidopyrimidine, 4-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-2-sulphanilamidopyrimidine and sulphaguanidine.

scholarly journals The importance of 6-MAM levels and morphine/codeine ratio in diagnosis of death among drug addicts

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 607-611
Author(s):  
Vladimir Jaksic ◽  
Dijana Miric ◽  
Aleksandra Ilic ◽  
Suzana Matejic ◽  
Snezana Stevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Opioid Drugs ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples

Introduction/Objective. Heroin is metabolized to 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) and morphine. The objective of this study is to examine 6-MAM, morphine, and codeine relationships in order to distinguish deaths related to heroin consumption from deaths related to morphine and/or codeine consumption. Methods. The autopsy blood and urine samples from 45 opioid drug addicts were examined. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was applied to evaluate morphine, 6-MAM, and codeine. Two groups were formed: 6-MAM-positive (n = 35) and 6-MAM-negative (n = 10). Results. Compared to the 6-MAM-negative group, blood morphine levels were higher in the 6-MAMpositive group (p = 0.022), while blood codeine levels were similar (p = 0.575). In the 6-MAM-negative group, the blood morphine/codeine ratio was 8.3, and it was 4.3 in the 6-MAM-positive group. There was no difference between the groups regarding urine morphine levels (p = 0.859). The urine morphine/ codeine ratio was 6.2 in the 6-MAM-negative group, whilst it was 32.2 in the 6-MAM-positive group. In the blood samples, morphine and codeine concentrations were significantly correlated (r = 0.607; p = 0.006). In urine samples, correlations between morphine and codeine (r = 0.766; p < 0.001), morphine and 6-MAM (r = 0.650; p < 0.001), as well as codeine and 6-MAM (r = 0.620; p < 0.001), were also significant. Conclusion. Analyses of 6-MAM and morphine/codeine ratio in blood and urine autopsy samples may be used as diagnostic tools to distinguish deaths related to the consumption of different opioid drugs.

Automated determination of drugs in blood samples after enzymatic hydrolysis using precolumn switching and post-column reaction detection

1983 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Werkhoven-Goewie ◽  
C. De Ruiter ◽  
U.A.Th. Brinkman ◽  
R.W. Frei ◽  
G.J. de Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Drugs In Blood ◽  
Automated Determination

Infectious Hepatitis (Homologous Serum Type) in Drug Addicts

1950 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Steigmann ◽  
Samuel Hyman ◽  
Robert Goldbloom
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Homologous Serum ◽  
Serum Type

Stability of antioxidant vitamins in whole human blood during overnight storage at 4°C and frozen storage up to 6 months

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W. Leonard ◽  
Gerd Bobe ◽  
Maret G. Traber
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Plasma Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Sample Handling

Abstract. To determine optimal conditions for blood collection during clinical trials, where sample handling logistics might preclude prompt separation of erythrocytes from plasma, healthy subjects (n=8, 6 M/2F) were recruited and non-fasting blood samples were collected into tubes containing different anticoagulants (ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA), Li-heparin or Na-heparin). We hypothesized that heparin, but not EDTA, would effectively protect plasma tocopherols, ascorbic acid, and vitamin E catabolites (α- and γ-CEHC) from oxidative damage. To test this hypothesis, one set of tubes was processed immediately and plasma samples were stored at −80°C, while the other set was stored at 4°C and processed the following morning (~30 hours) and analyzed, or the samples were analyzed after 6 months of storage. Plasma ascorbic acid, as measured using HPLC with electrochemical detection (LC-ECD) decreased by 75% with overnight storage using EDTA as an anticoagulant, but was unchanged when heparin was used. Neither time prior to processing, nor anticoagulant, had any significant effects upon plasma α- or γ-tocopherols or α- or γ-CEHC concentrations. α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations remained unchanged after 6 months of storage at −80°C, when measured using either LC-ECD or LC/mass spectrometry. Thus, refrigeration of whole blood at 4°C overnight does not change plasma α- or γ-tocopherol concentrations or their catabolites. Ascorbic acid is unstable in whole blood when EDTA is used as an anticoagulant, but when whole blood is collected with heparin, it can be stored overnight and subsequently processed.

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