Pharmacokinetics of Drugs in Blood III: Metabolism of Procainamide and Storage Effect of Blood Samples

1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 572-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Ling Chen ◽  
Myung G. Lee ◽  
Win L. Chiou
Keyword(s):  
Storage Effect ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Drugs In Blood ◽  
And Storage

Release of cyclic guanosine monophosphate evaluated as a diagnostic tool in cardiac diseases

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-P Vorderwinkler ◽  
Eilka Artner-Dworzak ◽  
Gab Jakob ◽  
Johanne Mair ◽  
Franz Diensti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Intracellular Cgmp ◽  
Glycerol Trinitrate ◽  
Clinical Measurements ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) are increased in plasma of patients with impaired cardiac and renal function. The second messenger of ANP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), is released into the plasma specifically upon stimulation of cells with ANP. Although nitrates can also activate intracellular cGMP synthesis, we detected no increase in plasma cGMP concentrations after infusions of glycerol trinitrate. Because immunoreactive ANP is highly susceptible to degradation and nonspecific influences in blood samples, determinations of ANP require immediate centrifugation and storage of plasma at -20 degrees C. In contrast, we found that cGMP is stable for five days in vitro in blood samples containing EDTA. In 147 healthy blood donors, the upper cutoff value for plasma cGMP was 6.60 nmol/L, not significantly different (P greater than 0.05) from that for 222 patients with disorders other than cardiovascular and renal. In 69 patients with manifest congestive heart failure (NYHA stages II-IV), 65 had increased cGMP values. Using the above cutoff value for cGMP gave diagnostic sensitivity of 94.2% and specificity of 93.7%. Plasma cGMP may thus provide an alternative for routine clinical measurements of ANP in cardiac diseases in the absence of renal disorders.

EFM Study on Ge Island: Carrier Charge and Storage Effect

2010 ◽  
Vol 1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Lin ◽  
Pavel Brunkov ◽  
Xueying Ma ◽  
Franck Bassani ◽  
Georges Bremond
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Electrostatic Force ◽  
Storage Effect ◽  
Silicon Dioxide Layer ◽  
Conductive Material ◽  
Doped Silicon ◽  
Charge Decay ◽  
Memory Applications ◽  
Carrier Charge ◽  
And Storage

AbstractIn this paper, individual Ge nano island on top of a silicon dioxide layer of thermally grown on a n+ type doped silicon (001) substrate have been studied. The charging ability of an individual Ge island was evaluated by EFM two-pass lift mode measurement. Such Ge nano island becomes an iso-potential and behaves as a conductive material after being charged. These charges were directly injected and were trapped homogenous in the isolated Ge island. It is also shown that the dominant charge decay mechanism during discharging of nc-Ge is related to the leakage of these trapped charges. Further more, the retention time of these trapped charges was evaluated and the electrostatic force was also studied by using different tip bias during scan. Such a study should be very useful to the Ge-nc in memory applications.

scholarly journals Stability of pseudorabies virus during freeze-drying and storage: effect of suspending media

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
E M Scott ◽  
W Woodside
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Storage Effect ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Sodium Glutamate ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Subsequent Storage ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Lactalbumin Hydrolysate

The effect of suspending media on the stability of pseudorabies virus upon freeze-drying and subsequent storage was studied. A variety of media was tested, including: sodium glutamate; sucrose; lactose; lactalbumin hydrolysate; peptone; a combination of sucrose, dextran, and glutamate; and various combinations of sucrose, glutamate, and potassium phosphates. Suspending media containing glutamate, either alone or in combination with sucrose and either dextran or phosphates, afforded the greatest degree of protection during the freeze-drying process and upon storage. Some possible functions of these additives in preventing injury to the virus during freezing and drying have been suggested.

scholarly journals The metabolism of four sulphonamides in cows

1973 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poul Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Acetyl Derivative ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Unchanged Drug ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Drugs In Blood ◽  
Conjugated Metabolites

1. The metabolism of sulphanilamide, sulphadimidine (4,6-dimethyl-2-sulphanilamidopyrimidine), sulphamethoxazole (5-methyl-3-sulphanilamidoisoxazole) and sulphadoxine (5,6-dimethoxy-4-sulphanilamidopyrimidine) given by intravenous injection has been examined in cows. 2. The sulphonamides were present mainly as unchanged drugs in blood samples collected 2h after administration. 3. The sulphonamides were excreted in the milk partly as unchanged drugs and partly as conjugated metabolites whereas only small amounts were excreted as the N4-acetyl derivatives. 4. The unchanged drug and the N4-acetyl derivative were the major constituents in urine samples after administration of sulphanilamide, sulphamethoxazole and sulphadoxine. 5. Besides the unchanged drug, the N4-acetyl derivative and the conjugated metabolites, three further metabolites of sulphadimidine were isolated from urine samples and identified. They were 5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-2-sulphanilamidopyrimidine, 4-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-2-sulphanilamidopyrimidine and sulphaguanidine.

Consent for newborn screening and storage of blood samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 730-732
Author(s):  
Fiona Ulph ◽  
Dame Tina Lavender ◽  
Rebecca Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
And Storage

Pharmacokinetics of drugs in blood VII: Unusual distribution and blood storage effect of vancomycin

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan G. Shin ◽  
Myung G. Lee ◽  
Min H. Lee ◽  
Nak D. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Storage Effect ◽  
Blood Storage ◽  
Unusual Distribution ◽  
Drugs In Blood
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