High concentration effects of ion implanted boron in silicon

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ryssel ◽  
K. Müller ◽  
K. Haberger ◽  
R. Henkelmann ◽  
F. Jahnel
Keyword(s):  
High Concentration ◽  
Concentration Effects ◽  
Ion Implanted

Investigation of high concentration effects of Sb and P in silicon by combination of SIMS and TEM

1989 ◽  
Vol 333 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Stingeder ◽  
P. Pongratz ◽  
W. Kuhnert ◽  
T. Brabec
Keyword(s):  
High Concentration ◽  
Concentration Effects

Ultra-high concentration effects in multi-junction solar cells

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene A. Katz ◽  
Jeffrey M. Gordon ◽  
Wondesen Tassew ◽  
Daniel Feuermann
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Concentration Effects

scholarly journals High-Dose Benzodiazepines Positively Modulate GABAA Receptors via a Flumazenil-Insensitive Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Na Wang ◽  
Jingjing Lian ◽  
Yanqing Cao ◽  
Alai Muheyati ◽  
Shanshan Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gabaa Receptors ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Concentration Effects ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Loss Of Righting Reflex ◽  
High Concentrations

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) produce versatile pharmacological actions through positive modulation of GABAA receptors (GABAARs). A previous study has demonstrated that high concentrations of diazepam potentiate GABA currents on the α1β2γ2 and α1β2 GABAARs in a flumazenil-insensitive manner. In this study, the high-concentration effects of BZDs and their sensitivity to flumazenil were determined on synaptic (α1β2γ2, α2β2γ2, α5β2γ2) and extra-synaptic (α4β2δ) GABAARs using the voltage-clamp electrophysiology technique. The in vivo evaluation of flumazenil-insensitive BZD effects was conducted in mice via the loss of righting reflex (LORR) test. Diazepam induced biphasic potentiation on the α1β2γ2, α2β2γ2 and α5β2γ2 GABAARs, but did not affect the α4β2δ receptor. In contrast to the nanomolar component of potentiation, the second potentiation elicited by micromolar diazepam was insensitive to flumazenil. Midazolam, clonazepam, and lorazepam at 200 µM exhibited similar flumazenil-insensitive effects on the α1β2γ2, α2β2γ2 and α5β2γ2 receptors, whereas the potentiation induced by 200 µM zolpidem or triazolam was abolished by flumazenil. Both the GABAAR antagonist pentylenetetrazol and Fa173, a proposed transmembrane site antagonist, abolished the potentiation induced by 200 µM diazepam. Consistent with the in vitro results, flumazenil antagonized the zolpidem-induced LORR, but not that induced by diazepam or midazolam. Pentylenetetrazol and Fa173 antagonized the diazepam-induced LORR. These findings support the existence of non-classical BZD binding sites on certain GABAAR subtypes and indicate that the flumazenil-insensitive effects depend on the chemical structures of BZD ligands.

In situ annealing of aluminum ion-implanted with molybdenum

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
J. Bentley ◽  
L. D. Stephenson ◽  
R. B. Benson ◽  
P. A. Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Naval Research ◽  
Dislocation Network ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Aluminum Ion ◽  
Ion Implanted

As part of an analytical electron microscopy study of aluminum ion-implanted with molybdenum, in situ annealing experiments have been performed to better understand the phase transformation mechanisms in material with a peak molybdenum content of approximately 11 at. % Mo. Ion implantations were performed at the Naval Research Laboratory on electropolished coupons 38 × 28 × 0.5 mm of 99.999% Al with 0.5 mm grain size. A dual energy implant schedule of 1.12 × 1020 ions/m2 at 50 keV. plus 1.24 × 1020 ions/m2 at 110 keV was employed. The TEM specimens were prepared by electrodischarge machining 3-mm diameter disks from the implanted coupons and backthinning by electropolishing. In situ annealing was performed in a Philips EM 400T/FEG with the use of a Philips single-tilt heating holder. Videotape recordings were made from the TEM fluorescent viewing screen in the tilted position.A high concentration of small dislocation loops and possibly a tangled dislocation network were present in the as-implanted material. No precipitates were observed; this is consistent with a supersaturated solid solution.

Mixture and Concentration Effects on Odorant Receptor Response Patterns In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy S McClintock ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Tomoko Sengoku ◽  
William B Titlow ◽  
Patrick Breheny
Keyword(s):  
Odorant Receptor ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Odorant Receptors ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Concentration Effects ◽  
Volatile Chemicals ◽  
Receptor Response ◽  
Mixture Suppression

Abstract Natural odors are mixtures of volatile chemicals (odorants). Odors are encoded as responses of distinct subsets of the hundreds of odorant receptors and trace amine-associated receptors expressed monogenically by olfactory sensory neurons. This is an elegantly simple mechanism for differentially encoding odors but it is susceptible to complex dose–response relationships and interactions between odorants at receptors, which may help explain olfactory phenomena, such as mixture suppression, synthetic versus elemental odor processing, and poorly predictable perceptual outcomes of new odor mixtures. In this study, in vivo tests in freely behaving mice confirm evidence of a characteristic receptor response pattern consisting of a few receptors with strong responses and a greater number of weakly responding receptors. Odorant receptors responsive to an odor are often unrelated and widely divergent in sequence, even when the odor consists of a single species of odorant. Odorant receptor response patterns to a citrus odor broaden with concentration. Some highly sensitive receptors respond only to a low concentration but others respond in proportion to concentration, a feature that may be critical for concentration-invariant perception. Other tests find evidence of interactions between odorants in vivo. All of the odorant receptor responses to a moderate concentration of the fecal malodor indole are suppressed by a high concentration of the floral odorant, α-ionone. Such suppressive effects are consistent with prior evidence that odorant interactions at individual odorant receptors are common.

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