Production, purification and properties of a Pichia kluyveri killer toxin

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Middelbeek ◽  
J. M. H. Hermans ◽  
C. Stumm
Keyword(s):  
Killer Toxin ◽  
Purification And Properties ◽  
Pichia Kluyveri

Effects of Pichia kluyveri killer toxin on sensitive cells

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Middelbeek ◽  
C. Stumm ◽  
G. D. Vogels
Keyword(s):  
Killer Toxin ◽  
Pichia Kluyveri

The incidence of killer activity and extracellular proteases in tropical yeast communities

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Abranches ◽  
Leda C. Mendonça-Hagler ◽  
Allen N. Hagler ◽  
Paula B. Morais ◽  
Carlos A. Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Killer Toxin ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Extracellular Proteases ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Killer Activity ◽  
Killer Yeasts ◽  
Sporobolomyces Roseus ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrients ◽  
Pichia Kluyveri ◽  
Ascomycetous Yeasts

The presence of killer and proteolytic yeasts was studied among 944 isolates representing 105 species from tropical yeast communities. We found 13 killer toxin producing species, with Pichia kluyveri being the most frequent. Other killer yeast isolates were Candida apis, Candida bombicola, Candida fructus, Candida krusei, Candida sorbosa, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Issatchenkia occidentalis, Kloeckera apis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Pichia membranaefaciens, Pichia ohmeri-like, and Sporobolomyces roseus. The communities from which killer yeasts were isolated had strains sensitive to them, and there were interspecific and intraspecific differences in the spectra of their killer activities. Pichia kluyveri had the broadest spectra of activity against sensitive isolates, and it apparently produced different toxins. The coexistence of sensitive and killer yeasts using the same substrate suggests that there is spatial separation in microhabitats or temporal separation in different stages of successions. Basidiomycetous yeasts were more frequently proteolytic than ascomycetous yeasts. Extracellular proteases could be important for the yeasts to have access to more nitrogen nutrients and obtain a better balance with available carbon sources.Key words: killer yeasts, extracellular proteases, tropical yeast communities.

Killer toxin producing strains of the yeasts Hanseniaspora uvarum and Pichia kluyveri

1988 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zorg ◽  
S. Kilian ◽  
F. Radler
Keyword(s):  
Killer Toxin ◽  
Hanseniaspora Uvarum ◽  
Pichia Kluyveri

The ecological role of killer yeasts in natural communities of yeasts

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 783-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Starmer ◽  
Philip F. Ganter ◽  
Virginia Aberdeen ◽  
Marc-Andre Lachance ◽  
Herman J. Phaff
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Species ◽  
Kluyveromyces Lactis ◽  
Killer Toxin ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Killer Activity ◽  
Killer Yeast ◽  
Killer Toxins ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Pichia Kluyveri

The killer phenomenon of yeasts was investigated in naturally occurring yeast communities. Yeast species from communities associated with the decaying stems and fruits of cactus and the slime fluxes of trees were studied for production of killer toxins and sensitivity to killer toxins produced by other yeasts. Yeasts found in decaying fruits showed the highest incidence of killing activity (30/112), while yeasts isolated from cactus necroses and tree fluxes showed lower activity (70/699 and 11/140, respectively). Cross-reaction studies indicated that few killer-sensitive interactions occur within the same habitat at a particular time and locality, but that killer-sensitive reactions occur more frequently among yeasts from different localities and habitats. The conditions that should be optimal for killer activity were found in fruits and young rots of Opuntia cladodes where the pH is low. The fruit habitat appears to favor the establishment of killer species. Killer toxin may affect the natural distribution of the killer yeast Pichia kluyveri and the sensitive yeast Cryptococcus cereanus. Their distributions indicate that the toxin produced by P. kluyveri limits the occurrence of Cr. cereanus in fruit and Opuntia pads. In general most communities have only one killer species. Sensitive strains are more widespread than killer strains and few species appear to be immune to all toxins. Genetic study of the killer yeast P. kluyveri indicates that the mode of inheritance of killer toxin production is nuclear and not cytoplasmic as is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis.

Physiological conditions affecting the sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to a Pichia kluyveri killer toxin and energy requirement for toxin action

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Middelbeek ◽  
H. H. A. M. van de Laar ◽  
J. M. H. Hermans ◽  
C. Stumm ◽  
G. D. Vogels
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Killer Toxin ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Pichia Kluyveri

Partial purification and properties of an endo-xylanase from cucumber seeds

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar V. Mujer ◽  
Dale W. Kretchman ◽  
A. Raymond Miller
Keyword(s):  
Partial Purification ◽  
Purification And Properties
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