Physiological conditions affecting the sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to a Pichia kluyveri killer toxin and energy requirement for toxin action

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Middelbeek ◽  
H. H. A. M. van de Laar ◽  
J. M. H. Hermans ◽  
C. Stumm ◽  
G. D. Vogels
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Killer Toxin ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Pichia Kluyveri

scholarly journals Secretion of killer toxin encoded on the linear DNA plasmid pGKL1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1990 ◽  
Vol 265 (28) ◽  
pp. 17274-17280
Author(s):  
M Tokunaga ◽  
A Kawamura ◽  
K Kitada ◽  
F Hishinuma
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Killer Toxin ◽  
Linear Dna ◽  
Dna Plasmid

An investigation into yeast-baculovirus synergism for the improved control of Thaumatotibia leucotreta, an economically important pest of citrus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Marcél Van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Multiple Choice Tests ◽  
Thaumatotibia Leucotreta ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Pichia Kluyveri

A mutualistic association between Cydia pomonella and yeasts belonging to the genus Metschnikowia has previously been demonstrated. Larval feeding galleries inoculated with M. andauensis, reduced larval mortality and enhanced larval development. Additionally, adult C. pomonella female oviposition preference was also shown to be influenced by the volatiles produced by M. andauensis. This mutualistic relationship was manipulated for biological control purposes, by combining M. pulcherrima with the baculovirus Cydia pomonella granulovirus. The combination of M. pulcherrima with brown cane sugar and CpGV in laboratory assays and field trials resulted in a significant increase in larval mortality. A similar observation was made when M. pulcherrima was substituted for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This indicates that yeasts harbour the potential for use in biological control, especially when combined with other well-established biocontrol methods. Thaumatotibia leucotreta is a phytophagous insect endemic to southern Africa. It is highly significant to the South African citrus industry due to its classification as a phytosanitary pest by most international markets. An integrated pest management programme has been implemented to control T. leucotreta. The baculovirus Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus forms one component of this programme and is highly effective. In this study, we proposed to determine which yeast species occur naturally in the gut of T. leucotreta larvae and to examine whether any of the isolated yeast species, when combined with the CrleGV-SA, enhance its effectiveness. Firstly, Navel oranges infested with T. leucotreta larvae were collected from geographically distinct citrus-producing regions across South Africa. This led to the isolation and identification of six yeast species from the gut of T. leucotreta larvae via PCR amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region and D1/D2 domain of the large subunit. Six yeast species were identified, viz. Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Clavispora lusitaniae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Pichia kudriavzevii and Pichia kluyveri. Additionally, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was included as a control in all trials due to its commercial availability and use in the artificial diet used to rear T. leucotreta. Secondly, larval development and attraction assays were conducted with the isolated yeast species. Thaumatotibia leucotreta larvae that fed on Navel oranges inoculated with M. guilliermondii, P. kluyveri, H. uvarum, and S. cerevisiae had accelerated developmental periods and reduced mortality rates. Additionally, it was demonstrated that T. leucotreta neonates were attracted to YPD broth cultures inoculated with P. kluyveri, H. uvarum, P. kudriavzevii and K. marxianus for feeding. Thirdly, oviposition preference assays were conducted with adult T. leucotreta females to determine whether the isolated yeast species influence their egg-laying in two-choice and multiple-choice tests. Navel oranges were inoculated with a specific yeast isolate, and mated adult females were left to oviposit. Meyerozyma guilliermondii, P. kudriavzevii and H. uvarum were shown to influence adult T. leucotreta female oviposition preference in two-choice tests. However, multiple-choice tests using the aforementioned yeast species did not mimic these results. Lastly, a series of detached fruit bioassays were performed to determine the optimal yeast:virus ratio, test all isolated yeast species in combination with CrleGV-SA and to further enhance yeast/virus formulation through the addition of an adjuvant and surfactant. CrleGV-SA was applied at a lethal concentration that would kill 50 % of T. leucotreta larvae. The optimal yeast concentration to use alongside CrleGV-SA was determined. Pichia kluyveri, P. kudriavzevii, K. marxianus and S. cerevisiae in combination with CrleGV-SA increased larval mortality compared to CrleGV-SA alone. The inclusion of molasses and BREAK-THRU® S 240 to P. kudriavzevii and S. cerevisiae plus CrleGV-SA formulations greatly enhanced their efficacy. Additionally, semi-field trials were initiated using P. kudriavzevii and S. cerevisiae, with promising preliminary results being obtained, although more replicates need to be performed. The experiments performed in this study provide a platform for further research into the application of a yeast/virus combination as a novel control and monitoring option for T. leucotreta in the field.

scholarly journals Dynamic behavior of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia kluyveri and Hanseniaspora uvarum during spontaneous and inoculated cocoa fermentations and their effect on sensory characteristics of chocolate

LWT ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Nara Batista ◽  
Cíntia Lacerda Ramos ◽  
Disney Dias Ribeiro ◽  
Ana Carla Marques Pinheiro ◽  
Rosane Freitas Schwan
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Hanseniaspora Uvarum ◽  
Pichia Kluyveri

Effects of Pichia kluyveri killer toxin on sensitive cells

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Middelbeek ◽  
C. Stumm ◽  
G. D. Vogels
Keyword(s):  
Killer Toxin ◽  
Pichia Kluyveri

Interaction between killer strains of Hansenula anomala var. anomala and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast species

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Rosini
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Killer Toxin ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
Killing Activity ◽  
Hansenula Anomala ◽  
The Cross

The cross-reaction between 6 killer strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 41 killer strains of Hansenula anomala var. anomala was examined. Fifteen strains of Hansenula killed one or more cultures of S. cerevisiae. None of the killer strains of H. anomala var. anomala was killed by S. cerevisiae killer strains or by killer strains of the same species. In S. cerevisiae different killer toxin and immunity systems were represented. Intraspecific killing activity was not found among the 41 strains of H. anomala var. anomala.

The incidence of killer activity and extracellular proteases in tropical yeast communities

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Abranches ◽  
Leda C. Mendonça-Hagler ◽  
Allen N. Hagler ◽  
Paula B. Morais ◽  
Carlos A. Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Killer Toxin ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Extracellular Proteases ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Killer Activity ◽  
Killer Yeasts ◽  
Sporobolomyces Roseus ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrients ◽  
Pichia Kluyveri ◽  
Ascomycetous Yeasts

The presence of killer and proteolytic yeasts was studied among 944 isolates representing 105 species from tropical yeast communities. We found 13 killer toxin producing species, with Pichia kluyveri being the most frequent. Other killer yeast isolates were Candida apis, Candida bombicola, Candida fructus, Candida krusei, Candida sorbosa, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Issatchenkia occidentalis, Kloeckera apis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Pichia membranaefaciens, Pichia ohmeri-like, and Sporobolomyces roseus. The communities from which killer yeasts were isolated had strains sensitive to them, and there were interspecific and intraspecific differences in the spectra of their killer activities. Pichia kluyveri had the broadest spectra of activity against sensitive isolates, and it apparently produced different toxins. The coexistence of sensitive and killer yeasts using the same substrate suggests that there is spatial separation in microhabitats or temporal separation in different stages of successions. Basidiomycetous yeasts were more frequently proteolytic than ascomycetous yeasts. Extracellular proteases could be important for the yeasts to have access to more nitrogen nutrients and obtain a better balance with available carbon sources.Key words: killer yeasts, extracellular proteases, tropical yeast communities.

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