Sub-classification of phage types of Salmonella weltevreden and typing of strains by an extended phage typing scheme

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-473
Author(s):  
L. R. Sood ◽  
S. Basu
Keyword(s):  
Phage Typing ◽  
Typing Scheme ◽  
Phage Types

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of a Phage Typing Scheme for Vibrio cholerae O139

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
A. K. Chakrabarti ◽  
A. N. Ghosh ◽  
G. Balakrish Nair ◽  
S. K. Niyogi ◽  
S. K. Bhattacharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Major Type ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Typing Scheme ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Type 3

ABSTRACT The scenario of cholera that existed previously changed in 1992 and 1993 with the emergence of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O139 in India. The genesis of the new serogroup formed the impetus to search for O139 phages in and around the country. A total of five newly isolated phages lytic to V. cholerae O139 strains were used for the development of this phage typing scheme. These phages differed from each other and also differed from the existing O1 phages in their lytic patterns, morphologies, restriction endonuclease digestion profiles, and immunological criteria. With this scheme, 500 V. cholerae O139 strains were evaluated for their phage types, and almost all strains were found to be typeable. The strains clustered into 10 different phage types, of which type 1 (38.2%) was the dominant type, followed by type 2 (22.4%) and type 3 (18%). Additionally, a comparative study of phage types in 1993 and 1994 versus those from 1996 to 1998 for O139 strains showed a higher percentage of phage type 1 (40.5%), followed by type 3 (18.8%) during the period between 1993 and 1994, whereas phage type 2 (32.1%) was the next major type during the period from 1996 to 1998. This scheme comprising five newly isolated phages would be another useful tool in the study of the epidemiology of cholera caused by V. cholerae O139.

scholarly journals Phage typing scheme for group D streptococci isolated from human urogenital tract

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
T Caprioli ◽  
F Zaccour ◽  
S S Kasatiya
Keyword(s):  
Urogenital Tract ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
Typing Scheme ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Streptococcus Faecium ◽  
Group D ◽  
Lancefield Group

Streptococci of Lancefield group D were isolated from 52.2% of pharyngeal, 55.5% of urethral, 56.6% of endocervical, and 75.4% of ano-rectal specimens. Seventeen phages isolated from sewage and urogenital specimens were selected for phage typing. Four of these lysed only the strains of Streptococcus faecalis and its variety liquefaciens. Another six phages lysed only the strains of Streptococcus faecium and its variety durans. With the help of seven bacteriophages, 346 of 384 (90.1%) strains of S. faecalis and its variety liquefaciens could be classified into 27 types. Similarly, with the help of 10 other bacteriophages, 97 of 117 (82.9%) strains of S. faecium and its variety durans could be grouped into 22 types. In 72 of 87 (82.7%) cases, similar phage types were obtained at different culture sites of the same individual.

scholarly journals Extended phage-typing scheme forCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter coli

1992 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Khakhria ◽  
H. Lior
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Typing Scheme ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Larger Sample

SUMMARYThe extended phage-typing scheme described forCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter colihas established 46 different phage types using 19 typing phages. Altogether 754 campylobacter isolates, 672C. jejuniand 82C. coli, isolated from human and non-human sources received from 17 different countries were phage-typed. Overall, 80·6% of the total isolates were typable. Among typable strains, 9 phage types (3, 5, 10, 11, 18, 19, 23, 26 and 44) represented 57·0% of the strains, 21·3% of the strains belonged to another 37 phage types and the remaining 2·3% of isolates were designated atypical. The most common phage type 11 (140/754) was frequently observed amongC. jejuniisolates from human (113/561) and non-human sources (18/111). whereas type 44 was frequent amongC. coliisolates from human (22/59) and from non-human sources (8/23). A study of the animal host-associations of common phage types showed that contaminated cattle and poultry appear to be the most common sources of human infection. The greatest variety of phage types was observed in Canada (24 phage types), followed by Portugal (17 types) and the UK (14 types), reflecting the larger sample sizes from these countries. Phage type 11 was encountered in 12 different countries and prevalence of other phage types varied from one country to another. The number of isolates typable with the scheme varied from 93·2% (261/280) in Canada to 61% (47/77) in Thailand. However, the number and diversity of phage types makes phage typing the method of choice in epidemiological studies of campylobacter infections.

scholarly journals Extended phage-typing scheme forEscherichia coli0157:H7

1990 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Khakhria ◽  
D. Duck ◽  
H. Lior
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Typing Scheme ◽  
Haemorrhagic Colitis ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Food Borne

SUMMARYIn Canada, the number of human isolates of verotoxigenic (VT +ve)Escherichia coli0157:H7 from diarrhoeal cases and haemolytic uraemic syndrome and haemorrhagic colitis has increased from 25 in 1982 to 2384 in 1989. A total of 3273 VT + veE. coli0157:H7 strains (3255 strains isolated in Canada and 18 isolates from other countries) were phage typed. The phage typing scheme has been extended from 14 to 62 phage types. Of these, five types occurred exclusively in other countries (type 47 in Japan; and types 49, 50, 51 and 52 in the U.K.). Thirty-five different phage types were identified in Canada; only nine of these (1, 2, 4, 8, 14, 21, 23, 31 and 32), each accounted for more than 1 % of the cases from human sources. The same nine types were the only ones observed among the isolates from non-human sources (meat and slaughter houses) suggesting a food-borne transmission in most of the human cases. Phage types 1 (30·5%); 4 (21%); 8 (13·5%); 31 (8·9%) and 14 (8%) were encountered in varying frequencies in most of the provinces; infrequently occurring phage types also showed regional variation. Thirteen different phage types were identified among 151 outbreaks representing 556 isolates ofE. coli0157:H7. More than one phage type were encountered in 12 outbreaks whereas in 141 outbreaks, all strains in each, had the same phage type.

THE ISOLATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES FOR MYCOBACTERIA WITH REFERENCE TO PHAGE TYPING OF THE GENUS

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 462-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen I. Hnatko
Keyword(s):  
Size Range ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Typing Scheme ◽  
Plaque Type ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Phage Multiplication ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Resistance Tests

Two hundred and eight acid-fast microorganisms were used in this investigation. ' Methods of isolating bacteriophages from soil, positive sputa, stool specimens, and from lysogenic strains are described. Eleven phages isolated from soil, their adaptation to other strains, and their characteristics are presented. Classification of these phages by plaque type and size, range of activity, cross-resistance tests, serological grouping, and morphology (some) are dealt with in detail. The phage preparations showed activity for 22 (44%) of 50 saprophytic strains tested. None were active against 120 human, 14 bovine, and eight avian tubercle bacilli. Though phage adsorption occurred onto some pathogenic strains it was not followed by phage multiplication and liberation. A tentative phage typing scheme is presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Phage Susceptibility Variation in Salmonellaenterica Serovar Typhimurium DT104 and DT104b

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 865
Author(s):  
Manal Mohammed ◽  
Beata Orzechowska
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Typing Scheme ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

The surge in mortality and morbidity rates caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria prompted a renewal of interest in bacteriophages (phages) as clinical therapeutics and natural biocontrol agents. Nevertheless, bacteria and phages are continually under the pressure of the evolutionary phage–host arms race for survival, which is mediated by co-evolving resistance mechanisms. In Anderson phage typing scheme of Salmonella Typhimurium, the epidemiologically related definitive phage types, DT104 and DT104b, display significantly different phage susceptibility profiles. This study aimed to characterise phage resistance mechanisms and genomic differences that may be responsible for the divergent phage reaction patterns in S. Typhimurium DT104 and DT104b using whole genome sequencing (WGS). The analysis of intact prophages, restriction–modification systems (RMS), plasmids and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs), as well as CRISPR-associated proteins, revealed no unique genetic determinants that might explain the variation in phage susceptibility among the two phage types. Moreover, analysis of genes coding for potential phage receptors revealed no differences among DT104 and DT104b strains. However, the findings propose the need for experimental assessment of phage-specific receptors on the bacterial cell surface and analysis of bacterial transcriptome using RNA sequencing which will explain the differences in bacterial susceptibility to phages. Using Anderson phage typing scheme of Salmonella Typhimurium for the study of bacteria-phage interaction will help improving our understanding of host–phage interactions which will ultimately lead to the development of phage-based technologies, enabling effective infection control.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage Typing of Shigella Sonnei and its Limitations in Epidemiological Investigation

1955 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Tee
Keyword(s):  
Phage Type ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Shigella Sonnei ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Routine Procedure ◽  
Bacteriophage Typing ◽  
Phage Types

SummaryAn investigation into the classification of strains of Shigella sonneiby the method of phage-typing (using unadapted bacteriophages) is described.829 strains, obtained during 3 years from twelve regions in England (including Monmouthshire) were examined by a standard technique. There were fifty-two outbreaks (involving 587 strains) from which two or more strains were isolated.Results confirmed the finding by Hammarström in Sweden that such classification was possible, strains falling into twenty phage-types of which thirteen were found more than once. All strains were typable, 74% belonging to the same type. In forty-seven outbreaks the phage-type was uniform, the commonest type occurring in thirty-eight of these. In five outbreaks the phage-type was not uniform.It is concluded that this method of phage-typing, because of evidence of type instability and because the majority of strains belong to the same phage-type, has little practical value as a routine procedure in the control of Sonne dysentery in this country.

scholarly journals Phage conversion inSalmonella entericaserotype Enteritidis: implications for epidemiology

1995 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rankin ◽  
D. J. Platt
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Model System ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Clonal Lineage ◽  
Typing Scheme ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Paratyphi B

SummaryA model system for the study of phage conversion ofSalmonella entericaserotype Enteritidis is reported. Temperate phages 1,2,3 and 6 from the phage typing scheme were used to convert several individually recognized phage types into others. Phage type 4 was converted to PT8, PT6a to PT4, PT6a to PT7, PT13 to PT13a and PT15 to PT11; some new phage lysis patterns were also detected.This model was used to examine the relationships between phage types within a previously denned clonal lineage, SECLIII, to establish whether or not Enteritidis likeSalmonella entericaserotype Typhi andSalmonella entericaserotype Paratyphi B possessed type determining phages. We were able to convert PT1 to PT20, and PT15 to PT11.

Typing ofSalmonella entericaserovar Infantis isolates from 51 outbreaks in Germany between 1974 and 2009 by a novel phage-typing scheme

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. MILLER ◽  
P. G. BRAUN ◽  
K. FEHLHABER ◽  
R. PRAGER ◽  
Y. PFEIFER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Typing Method ◽  
Typing Scheme ◽  
Strain Collection ◽  
Community Outbreaks

SUMMARYWe developed a new phage-typing method and evaluated its application in combination withXbaI macrorestriction analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) as a useful tool for the long-term epidemiology ofSalmonella entericaserovar Infantis. In this study, we investigated 1008S.Infantis isolates recovered from humans, various animal species and food products from 1973 to 2009. The typing scheme is based on 17 typing phages, defining 61 different patterns within the strain collection. The experiments showed that phage typing is a reliable method for differentiation of outbreaks and sporadic clinical cases as well as for elucidation of chains of transmission. The combined analysis of phage typing and PFGE revealed the existence of epidemic clones with a high stability over time like PT29/XB27 which was identified in nosocomial salmonellosis, community outbreaks as well as in broiler chickens from 2002 to 2009.

Insertion sequence (IS) hybridization supports classification of Rhizobium meliloti by phage typing

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. BARRAN ◽  
E. S. P. BROMFIELD ◽  
S. LABERGE ◽  
R. WHEATCROFT
Keyword(s):  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Phage Typing
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