THE ISOLATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES FOR MYCOBACTERIA WITH REFERENCE TO PHAGE TYPING OF THE GENUS

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 462-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen I. Hnatko
Keyword(s):  
Size Range ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Typing Scheme ◽  
Plaque Type ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Phage Multiplication ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Resistance Tests

Two hundred and eight acid-fast microorganisms were used in this investigation. ' Methods of isolating bacteriophages from soil, positive sputa, stool specimens, and from lysogenic strains are described. Eleven phages isolated from soil, their adaptation to other strains, and their characteristics are presented. Classification of these phages by plaque type and size, range of activity, cross-resistance tests, serological grouping, and morphology (some) are dealt with in detail. The phage preparations showed activity for 22 (44%) of 50 saprophytic strains tested. None were active against 120 human, 14 bovine, and eight avian tubercle bacilli. Though phage adsorption occurred onto some pathogenic strains it was not followed by phage multiplication and liberation. A tentative phage typing scheme is presented and discussed.

Typing ofSalmonella entericaserovar Infantis isolates from 51 outbreaks in Germany between 1974 and 2009 by a novel phage-typing scheme

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. MILLER ◽  
P. G. BRAUN ◽  
K. FEHLHABER ◽  
R. PRAGER ◽  
Y. PFEIFER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Typing Method ◽  
Typing Scheme ◽  
Strain Collection ◽  
Community Outbreaks

SUMMARYWe developed a new phage-typing method and evaluated its application in combination withXbaI macrorestriction analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) as a useful tool for the long-term epidemiology ofSalmonella entericaserovar Infantis. In this study, we investigated 1008S.Infantis isolates recovered from humans, various animal species and food products from 1973 to 2009. The typing scheme is based on 17 typing phages, defining 61 different patterns within the strain collection. The experiments showed that phage typing is a reliable method for differentiation of outbreaks and sporadic clinical cases as well as for elucidation of chains of transmission. The combined analysis of phage typing and PFGE revealed the existence of epidemic clones with a high stability over time like PT29/XB27 which was identified in nosocomial salmonellosis, community outbreaks as well as in broiler chickens from 2002 to 2009.

Insertion sequence (IS) hybridization supports classification of Rhizobium meliloti by phage typing

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. BARRAN ◽  
E. S. P. BROMFIELD ◽  
S. LABERGE ◽  
R. WHEATCROFT
Keyword(s):  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Phage Typing

The development of resistance to metachloridine inPlasmodium gallinaceumin Chicks

Parasitology ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Bishop ◽  
Elspeth W. McConnachie
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Resistance Tests ◽  
Selection Of

1. An increase in resistance to metachloridine of more than 100-fold was obtained within a few weeks in a strain ofPlasmodium gallinaceumtreated with gradually increasing doses of the drug and maintained in young chicks by blood-inoculation at intervals of 2–3 days.2. There was no evidence that the rapid development of resistance arose by the selection of highly resistant individuals present in the normal population.3. Two strains ofP. gallinaceumpassaged through chicks treated with 0·025 mg. doses of the drug gradually became resistant to greater concentrations than that to which they had been exposed, though their growth rate decreased when they were inoculated into birds receiving higher doses of the drug.4. In both strains maintained in birds treated with 0·025 mg. doses of the drug, resistance reached a maximum beyond which it did not increase.5. Cross-resistance tests failed to show any relationship in mode of action between meta-chloridine and pamaquin, mepacrine, quinine or chloroquine. A strain ofP. gallinaceum, highly resistant to metachloridine, showed slight resistance to sulphadiazine, sulphapyridine and sulphathiazole, but none to sulphanilamide or proguanil.We are indebted to the Cyanamid Products Ltd., London, for the gift of the Folvite used in these experiments.

scholarly journals The Type Classification of Staphylococcus Aureus: a Comparison of Phage-Typing with Serological Typing

1958 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Oeding ◽  
R. E. O. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Phage Type ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Serological Method ◽  
Serological Typing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Technical Simplicity ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci ◽  
Type Classification

A comparison has been made between the bacteriophage and serological methods for identifying types among coagulase-positive staphylococci. In only a few cases was one particular serotype clearly related to a particular phage-type, and in several cases single ‘types’ recognized by one method contained several different ‘types’ when tested by the second method. Nevertheless, when sets of strains isolated in the investigation of epidemics or of the nose and skin carrier state of particular individuals were tested by the two methods, consistent results were obtained: an individual combination of phage-type and serotype appeared to be stable.The principal advantages of phage-typing are the facts that it is able to recognize more types than the serological method, and that the distinctions between the types are based on a greater number of different reactions. The advantages of the serological method are the smaller number of untypable strains and its greater technical simplicity.Thanks are due to Miss Joan Rippon, Ph.D., for assistance in the analysis of the phage-typing results.

scholarly journals A phage-typing scheme for Salmonella enteritidis

1987 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Ward ◽  
J. D. H. de Sa ◽  
B. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Typing Scheme

SUMMARYFor many years phage typing has proved invaluable in epidemiological studies on Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi A and B, S. typhimurium and a few other serotypes. A phage-typing scheme for S. enteritidis is described. This scheme to date differentiates 27 types using 10 typing phages.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage-typing designations of Salmonella typhimurium

1977 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Anderson ◽  
Linda R. Ward ◽  
Maureen J. de Saxe ◽  
J. D. H. de Sa
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Typing Scheme ◽  
Bacteriophage Typing ◽  
Original Number

SUMMARYThe phage-typing scheme of Callow (1959) has been extended. The original number of types was 34; this has now risen to 207. Tables are presented which show the provisional type designations and the definitive designations now being introduced.

Vibriophage N4 DNA is nonpermuted and terminally redundant

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 842-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amar N. Ghosh ◽  
Bimal K. Chakrabarti ◽  
Dhruba J. Chattopadhyay ◽  
Susmita Sil
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Phage Genome ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Exonuclease Iii ◽  
Typing Scheme ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Partial Denaturation ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1

Phage N4 is one of the five newly isolated phages used in a new phage typing scheme for Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar EITor strains and belongs to the Podoviridae family. Electron microscopic studies showed that the phage N4 has a DNA of 40.4 ± 0.1 kb. A partial denaturation map of the N4 DNA has been constructed. It has been shown with the help of this partial denaturation map that phage N4 genome is nonpermuted. Circularization of the phage genome on treatment with exonuclease III, followed by incubation in 50% formamide, indicates a terminal redundancy.Key words: vibriophage N4, DNA, Vibrio cholerae, denaturation mapping.

scholarly journals Characterization of bacteriophages used in the Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis phage-typing scheme

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. De Lappe ◽  
G. Doran ◽  
J. O'Connor ◽  
C. O'Hare ◽  
M. Cormican
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Typing Scheme ◽  
Phage Dna

The 16 Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) typing phages (SETPs) used in the Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens (Health Protection Agency, London, UK) phage-typing scheme have not previously been characterized in detail. We have examined the adsorption properties of the phages with respect to a number of S. enterica serovars and defined phage morphology with electron microscopy. PFGE was used to estimate overall genome size and banding patterns generated by electrophoresis following restriction endonuclease digestion of the genome with HindIII were compared. PCR amplification and sequencing of selected genes was performed. The 16 phages comprise three morphotypes, Podoviridae (SETP1, 8, 10, 14, 15 and 16), Siphoviridae (SETP3, 5, 7, 11, 12 and 13) and Myoviridae (SETP2, 4, 6 and 9). All Podoviridae and Siphoviridae, but not Myoviridae, adsorbed to the O12 lipopolysaccharide antigen of Salmonella serogroups B (4,12) and D1 (9,12). The genome sizes for the Podoviridae and Siphoviridae (PFGE-A) were approximately 42 kb. The genome size for Myoviridae SETP2, 4 and 9 was 36.5 kb, and for myovirus SETP6 was 27 kb. HindIII digestion of phage DNA produced 9 distinct patterns of 8 to 11 bands. Relationships between phages based on digest patterns were consistent with those defined by morphology. The Podoviridae had homologues of several P22 genes while the Siphoviridae had homologues of several genes present in the sequenced siphovirus SETP3 (EF177456). This study represents an initial step in characterizing the molecular basis that underlies the widely used S. Enteritidis typing scheme.

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