Variants within the 5′-flanking regions of bovine milk protein genes: I. κ-casein-encoding gene

1994 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Schild ◽  
V. Wagner ◽  
H. Geldermann
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Milk Protein Genes ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Flanking Regions

scholarly journals Genomic analysis of the major bovine milk protein genes

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 6935-6942 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Threadgill ◽  
James E. Womack
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Milk Protein Genes

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms in Bovine Milk Protein Genes

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 147-147
Author(s):  
B. N. Perry ◽  
D. Savva ◽  
E. Radley ◽  
C. J. Skidmore ◽  
R. D. Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Milk Protein Genes ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Genetic and technological studies have revealed correlations between different individual, or combinations of, alleles of milk proteins and parameters such as cheese yield, the compositional characteristics of milk and total lactation yield. The kappa casein B allele is better for cheese-making, for example (Table 1): the mutation may alter the mechanism by which this protein stabilises the micelles of the caldum-sensitive caseins against precipitation. When rennin cleaves kappa casein between amino acids 105 and 106 the micelle is destabilised and clotting of milk into curds ensues. Therefore, selection for defined alleles or haplotypes could be desirable.Until now selection for milk protein alleles was only possible by the analysis of the proteins in milk. For sire selection this required analysis of milk from daughters which is time consuming and expensive. However, phenotypic variation in the proteins arises from base substitutions in the DNA, as is illustrated in Figure 1 for the kappa casein gene.

The polymerase chain reaction applied to identification of specific alleles of the bovine milk protein genes

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN J. PINDER ◽  
BARRY N. PERRY ◽  
DEMETRIS SAVVA ◽  
CHRISTOPHER J. SKIDMORE
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Milk Protein Genes ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A Retrospective Analysis of the Effects of an Exclusively Human Milk Protein Diet on Neonatal Feeding Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Wickland ◽  
Christine Wade ◽  
Becky Micetic ◽  
Keith Meredith ◽  
Gregory Martin
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Vlbw Infants ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Human Milk Protein ◽  
Feeding Tolerance

Objective This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of human milk protein fortifier (HMPF) versus bovine milk protein fortifier (BMPF) on feeding tolerance defined as the time to reach full feeds and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Study Design A retrospective review using the BabySteps Database included 493 infants born ≤33 weeks of gestational age and ≤1,250 g (g) birth weight. A total of 218 infants fed a human milk diet (HMD) with BMPF were compared with 275 infants fed an HMD with HMPF. Results Full feeds were reached significantly sooner in the HMPF group (median: 14 vs. 16 days, p = 0.04). Weight at full feeds was significantly lower in the HMPF group (1,060 vs. 1110 g, p = 0.03). Conclusion Using HMPF to provide an exclusively HMD allowed VLBW infants to achieve full feeds sooner, but did not affect rate of NEC compared with using a BMPF with an HMD. Key Points

scholarly journals A2 Bovine Milk and Caprine Milk as a Means of Remedy for Milk Protein Allergy

Dairy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
Young W. Park ◽  
George F. W. Haenlein
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Caprine Milk ◽  
Low Levels

A new type of cow’s milk, called A2 milk, has appeared in the dairy aisles of supermarkets in recent years. Cows’ milk generally contains two major types of beta-casein as A1 and A2 types, although there are 13 genetic variants of β-casein: A1, A2, A3, A4, B, C, D, E, F, H1, H2, I and G. Studies have shown that A1 β-casein may be harmful, and A2 β-casein is a safer choice for human health especially in infant nutrition and health. The A2 cow milk is reportedly easier to digest and better absorb than A1 or other types of milk. The structure of A2 cow’s milk protein is more comparable to human breast milk, as well as milk from goats, sheep and buffalo. Digestion of A1 type milk produces a peptide called β-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7), which is implicated with adverse gastrointestinal effects on milk consumption. In addition, bovine milk contains predominantly αs1-casein and low levels or even absent in αs2-casein, whereby caprine milk has been recommended as an ideal substitute for patients suffering from allergies against cow milk protein or other food sources. Since goat milk contains relatively low levels of αs1-casein or negligible its content, and αs2-casein levels are high in the milk of most dairy goat breeds, it is logical to assume that children with a high milk sensitivity to αs1-casein should tolerate goat milk well. Cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) is considered a common milk digestive and metabolic disorder or allergic disease with various levels of prevalence from 2.5% in children during the first 3 years of life to 12–30% in infants less than 3 months old, and it can go up to even as high as 20% in some countries. CMPA is an IgE-mediated allergy where the body starts to produce IgE antibodies against certain protein (allergens) such as A1 milk and αs1-casein in bovine milk. Studies have shown that ingestion of β-casein A1 milk can cause ischemic heart disease, type-1 diabetes, arteriosclerosis, sudden infant death syndrome, autism, schizophrenia, etc. The knowledge of bovine A2 milk and caprine αs2-casein has been utilized to rescue CMPA patients and other potential disease problems. This knowledge has been genetically applied to milk production in cows or goats or even whole herds of the two species. This practice has happened in California and Ohio, as well as in New Zealand, where this A2 cow milk has been now advanced commercially. In the USA, there have been even promotions of bulls, whose daughters have been tested homozygous for the A2 β-casein protein.

scholarly journals Multiple Effects of Genetic Background on Variegated Transgene Expression in Mice

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 1107-1112
Author(s):  
Margaret L Opsahl ◽  
Margaret McClenaghan ◽  
Anthea Springbett ◽  
Sarah Reid ◽  
Richard Lathe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgene Expression ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Position Effect Variegation ◽  
Parental Population ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Milk Protein Genes ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

Abstract BLG/7 transgenic mice express an ovine β-lactoglobulin transgene during lactation. Unusually, transgene expression levels in milk differ between siblings. This variable expression is due to variegated transgene expression in the mammary gland and is reminiscent of position-effect variegation. The BLG/7 line was created and maintained on a mixed CBA × C57BL/6 background. We have investigated the effect on transgene expression of backcrossing for 13 generations into these backgrounds. Variable transgene expression was observed in all populations examined, confirming that it is an inherent property of the transgene array at its site of integration. There were also strain-specific effects on transgene expression that appear to be independent of the inherent variegation. The transgene, compared to endogenous milk protein genes, is specifically susceptible to inbreeding depression. Outcrossing restored transgene expression levels to that of the parental population; thus suppression was not inherited. Finally, no generation-dependent decrease in mean expression levels was observed in the parental population. Thus, although the BLG/7 transgene is expressed in a variegated manner, there was no generation-associated accumulated silencing of transgene expression.

Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HM-22 on immunoregulation and intestinal microbiota in an α –lactalbumin-induced allergic mouse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujuan Jiang ◽  
Yaqi Hou ◽  
Lingying Meng ◽  
Xueli Pu ◽  
Xuemei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Major Allergens ◽  
Allergic Mouse

Milk protein is one of the eight major allergens, and α–lactalbumin (α-LA) is one of the major allergens of bovine milk protein. Our previous studies found that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HM-22...

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document