Comparative RFLP maps of the homoeologous group-2 chromosomes of wheat, rye and barley

1993 ◽  
Vol 85-85 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 784-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Devos ◽  
T. Millan ◽  
M. D. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Group 2

scholarly journals Characterization of inter-varietal chromosome substitution lines of wheat using molecular markers

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Pánková ◽  
Z. Milec ◽  
M. Leverington-Waite ◽  
S. Chebotar ◽  
J.W. Snape
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Vrn Genes ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Several sets of wheat inter-varietal chromosome substitution lines (SLs) have been produced over the last fifty years at the CRI (formerly RICP) in Prague-Ruzyně, based on cytogenetic manipulations using aneuploids. Lines with defined genes have been obtained which significantly influence growth habit and flowering time and these have been used particularly in the study of the genetics and physiology of flowering. The sets of lines include substitutions of homoeologous group 5 chromosomes carrying Vrn genes that control vernalisation response, homoeologous group 2 chromosomes with Ppd genes controlling photoperiodic sensitivity, and some other substitutions, particularly those with chromosome 3B of the Czech alternative variety Česká Přesívka where a novel flowering time effect was located. Although the phenotypic and cytological analysis of substitution lines has been continually carried out during backcrossing generations, only the use of molecular markers can allow an unambiguous characterization to verify that substitutions are correct and complete. This analysis has allowed incorrect substitutions or partial substitutions to be identified and discarded. This paper summarizes the results of recent molecular checks of the substitution line collections at CRI.

scholarly journals The Cre1 and Cre3 Nematode Resistance Genes Are Located at Homeologous Loci in the Wheat Genome

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1129-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
John de Majnik ◽  
Francis C. Ogbonnaya ◽  
Odile Moullet ◽  
Evans S. Lagudah
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Conserved Gene ◽  
Wheat Lines

Differential responses in host-nematode pathotype interactions occur in wheat lines carrying different cereal cyst nematode resistance (Cre) genes. Cre1, located on chromosome 2B, confers resistance to most European nematodes and the sole Australian pathotype, while Cre3, present on chromosome 2D, is highly resistant to the Australian patho-type and susceptible to a number of European pathotypes. Genes encoding nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (NBS-LRR) proteins that cosegregate with the Cre3 locus cross hybridize to homologues whose restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns distinguish near-isogenic Cre1 nematode-resistant wheat lines. Genetic mapping showed that the NBS-LRR gene members that distinguished the Cre1 near-isogenic lines were located on chromosome 2BL at a locus, designated Xcsl107, that cosegregates with the Cre1 locus. A haplotype of NBS-LRR genes from the Xcsl107 locus provides a diagnostic marker for the presence of Cre1 nematode resistance in a wide collection of wheat lines and segregating families. Genetic analysis of NBS-LRR haplo-types that cosegregate with Cre1 and Cre3 resistance, together with flanking cDNA markers and other markers from homoeologous group 2 chromosomes, revealed a conserved gene order that suggests Cre1 and Cre3 are homeoloci.

scholarly journals An assessment of the homoeology of six Agropyron intermedium chromosomes added to wheat

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Forster ◽  
S. M. Reader ◽  
S. A. Forsyth ◽  
R. M. D. Koebner ◽  
T. E. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Agropyron Intermedium ◽  
Plant Phenotype ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Alien Addition Lines

SummarySix wheat/Agropyron intermedium addition lines are described on the basis of their phenotype and biochemical markers. An assessment of homoeology of each addition chromosome is made. Chromosome morphology, plant phenotype, isozyme and protein studies are compared with similar data for other wheat/alien addition lines and other members of the Triticeae. These comparisons give consistent results and it is concluded that addition lines L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 and L7 carry Agropyron chromosomes of homoeologous groups 7, 3, 1, 4, 5 and 6 respectively. This agrees with previously published work with one exception: the L5 chromosome belongs to homoeologous group 5 and not group 2 as proposed by Figueiras et al. (1986).

Phylogenetic relationships between chromosomes of wheat and chromosome 2E of Elytrigia elongata

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák ◽  
K. C. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Group 2

Gametophytic compensation of the Elytrigia elongata chromosome 2E for wheat chromosomes was assessed by determining the vigour of the gametophytes having the Elytrigia chromosome substituted for a wheat chromosome relative to normal wheat gametophytes. These tests showed that chromosome 2E compensated in the gametophyte for wheat chromosomes 2B and 2D, but not for 2A. The Elytrigia chromosome was also occasionally transmitted by male gametophytes when substituted for chromosomes 3A, 4B, and 6B. Chromosome 2E was then substituted for chromosomes 2A, 2B, and 2D. In each disomic substitution the Elytrigia chromosome showed good compensation for the nullisomy of the respective wheat chromosome, as indicated by normal vigor and fertility of the plants. These data confirmed that E. elongata chromosome 2E is phylogenetically related to wheat chromosomes of homoeologous group 2.Key words: Triticum, Elytrigia, phylogeny, wheat.

HOMOEOLOGY BETWEEN AGROPYRON ELONGATUM CHROMOSOMES AND TRITICUM AESTIVUM CHROMOSOMES

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Genetic Compensation

Genetic compensation of Agropyron chromosomes for wheat chromosomes in the male gametophyte and compensation of Agropyron chromosomes for wheat chromosomes in disomic substitutions were used to investigate relationships between the chromosomes of Agropyron elongatum (Host.) P.B. (2n = 2x = 14) and Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell. (2n = 6x = 42). Gametophytic compensation indicated that A. elongatum chromosomes I, II, III, IV, and VII were related to wheat chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1, 7, 4, 3, and 6, respectively, and were designated 1E, 7E, 4E, 3E, and 6E. Chromosomes V and VI appeared to be related to homoeologous group 2. Other analyses showed that chromosomes V and VI originated from arm exchanges between chromosome 2E and other Agropyron chromosomes. An unaltered disome of Agropyron chromosome 2E was added to the wheat chromosome complement. In the disomic substitutions Agropyron chromosomes 1E, 6E, and 7E compensated for all three wheat homoeologues of the respective homoeologous groups. Chromosome 4E fully compensated for chromosome 4D but only partially for chromosomes 4A and 4B. Chromosomes V and VI compensated poorly or not at all for wheat chromosomes of group 2.

Molecular mapping of wheat. Homoeologous group 2

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Nelson ◽  
Allen E. Van Deynze ◽  
Mark E. Sorrells ◽  
Enrique Autrique ◽  
Yun Hai Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Wheat Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes

A molecular-marker map of bread wheat having many markers in common with other grasses in the Gramineae family is a prerequisite for molecular level genetic studies and breeding in this crop species. We have constructed restriction fragment length polymorphism maps of the A-, B-, and D-genome chromosomes of homoeologous group 2 of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) using 114 F7 lines from a synthetic × bread wheat cross and clones from 11 libraries. Chromosomes 2A, 2B, and 2D comprise 57, 60, and 56 markers and each spans about 200 cM. Comparisons between chromosomes are facilitated by 26 sets of homoeoloci. Genes mapped include a heterologous abscisic acid responsive locus cloned as pBS128, the epidermal waxiness inhibitor W21, and two presumed leaf rust and stem rust resistance genes. Anomalies suggesting ancestral rearrangements in chromosome 2B are pointed out and features of wheat group 2 chromosomes that are common to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rice (Oryza spp.), and T. tauschii are discussed.Key words: RFLP, wheat, waxy, rust.

scholarly journals Development of wheat—Hordeum chilense Chromosome 2Hch Introgression Lines Potentially Useful for Improving Grain Quality Traits

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palomino ◽  
Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Hordeum Chilense ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Cos Markers

The chromosome 2Hch of Hordeum chilense. has the potential to improve seed carotenoid content in wheat as it carries a set of endosperm carotenoid-related genes. We have obtained structural changes in chromosome 2Hch in a common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. “Chinese Spring”) background by crossing a wheat double disomic substitution 2Hch(2D) and 7Hch(7D) line with a disomic addition line carrying chromosome 2Cc from Aegilops cylindrica Host.. Seven introgressions of chromosome 2Hch into wheat were characterized by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and DNA markers. Chromosome-specific simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were used for identifying wheat chromosomes. In addition, we tested 82 conserved orthologous set (COS) markers for homoeologous group 2, of which 65 amplified targets in H. chilense and 26 showed polymorphism between H. chilense and wheat. A total of 24 markers were assigned to chromosome 2Hch with eight allocated to 2HchS and 16 to 2HchL. Among the seven introgressions there was a disomic substitution line 2Hch(2D), a ditelosomic addition line for the 2HchL arm, an isochromosome for the 2HchL arm, a homozygous centromeric 2HchS·2DL translocation, a double monosomic 2HchS·2DL plus 7HchS·D translocation, a homozygous centromeric 7HchS·2HchL translocation and, finally, a 2HchL·7HchL translocation. Wheat—H. chilense macrosyntenic comparisons using COS markers revealed that H. chilense chromosome 2Hch exhibits synteny to wheat homoeologous group 2 chromosomes, and the COS markers assigned to this chromosome will facilitate alien gene introgression into wheat. The genetic stocks developed here include new wheat—H. chilense recombinations which are useful for studying the effect of chromosome 2Hch on grain quality traits.

scholarly journals A 2600-Locus Chromosome Bin Map of Wheat Homoeologous Group 2 Reveals Interstitial Gene-Rich Islands and Colinearity With Rice

Genetics ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 168 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Conley ◽  
V. Nduati ◽  
J. L. Gonzalez-Hernandez ◽  
A. Mesfin ◽  
M. Trudeau-Spanjers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Bin Map

scholarly journals The incorporation of alien disease resistance in wheat by genetic interference with the regulation of meiotic chromosome synapsis

1968 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Riley ◽  
Victor Chapman ◽  
Roy Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Proximal Segment ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Homoeologous Recombination ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Meiotic Synapsis

1. Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare variety Chinese Spring (2n = 6x = 42) is susceptible to yellow rust caused by Puccinia striiformis while the wild annual grass Aegilops comosa (2n = 14) is resistant to all the physiologic races for which it has been tested.2. By a backcrossing programme initiated from Chinese Spring × Ae. comosa hybrids, using Chinese Spring as the recurrent parent, a line was isolated with a single chromosome of Ae. comosa, determining rust resistance, added to the full complement of Chinese Spring.3. The alien chromosome substituted with good genetic compensation only for the chromosomes of homoeologous group 2 of Chinese Spring. This demonstrated that the chromosome determining rust resistance is in homoeologous group 2. It was designated 2M since Ae. comosa has the M genome.4. In order to induce recombination between 2M and its wheat homoeologues, hybrids were made using Ae. speltoides which has the capacity to suppress the activity of chromosome 5B that normally prevents homoeologous synapsis. A backcrossing programme, using Chinese Spring as the recurrent parent, was reinitiated from the 29-chromosome hybrids carrying chromosome 2M and the haploid complements of Chinese Spring and Ae. speltoides.5. Selection was practised for rust resistance and ultimately a resistant plant with 42 chromosomes, that formed 21 bivalents at meiosis, was isolated. This plant was heterozygous for a dominant rust resistance allele (Yr8) derived from Ae. comosa. Homozygotes were isolated in its progeny and in this way the rust resistant breeder's variety, Compair, was established.6. Compair differs from Chinese Spring in its yellow rust resistance which was shown to be determined by a chromosome corresponding to 2D of Chinese Spring. This chromosome of Compair has the short arm, the centromere and a proximal segment of the long arm of chromosome 2M and a distal segment of the right arm of chromosome 2D. The modified chromosome, which is designated 2M/D, arose by homoeologous recombination in the Ae. speltoides hybrid or in the immediately succeeding backcross generations. Chromosome 2M/D carries the Yr8 gene in the proximal segment of the long arm derived from chromosome 2M.7. In hybrids between Compair and standard wheat varieties, chromosome 2M/D pairs regularly with chromosome 2D so that regular segregation of Yr8 can be expected and Compair treated like any other parental variety in wheat hybridization programmes.8. This work illustrates the way that homoeologous recombination can be induced and exploited both in cytogenetic analysis in wheat and in practical breeding work. The nature of the meiotic synapsis of chromosome 2M/D with its partial homologues raises questions concerning the means by which chromosome 5B influences the specificity of meiotic synapsis.

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