Phylogenetic relationships between chromosomes of wheat and chromosome 2E of Elytrigia elongata

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák ◽  
K. C. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Group 2

Gametophytic compensation of the Elytrigia elongata chromosome 2E for wheat chromosomes was assessed by determining the vigour of the gametophytes having the Elytrigia chromosome substituted for a wheat chromosome relative to normal wheat gametophytes. These tests showed that chromosome 2E compensated in the gametophyte for wheat chromosomes 2B and 2D, but not for 2A. The Elytrigia chromosome was also occasionally transmitted by male gametophytes when substituted for chromosomes 3A, 4B, and 6B. Chromosome 2E was then substituted for chromosomes 2A, 2B, and 2D. In each disomic substitution the Elytrigia chromosome showed good compensation for the nullisomy of the respective wheat chromosome, as indicated by normal vigor and fertility of the plants. These data confirmed that E. elongata chromosome 2E is phylogenetically related to wheat chromosomes of homoeologous group 2.Key words: Triticum, Elytrigia, phylogeny, wheat.

HOMOEOLOGY BETWEEN AGROPYRON ELONGATUM CHROMOSOMES AND TRITICUM AESTIVUM CHROMOSOMES

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Genetic Compensation

Genetic compensation of Agropyron chromosomes for wheat chromosomes in the male gametophyte and compensation of Agropyron chromosomes for wheat chromosomes in disomic substitutions were used to investigate relationships between the chromosomes of Agropyron elongatum (Host.) P.B. (2n = 2x = 14) and Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell. (2n = 6x = 42). Gametophytic compensation indicated that A. elongatum chromosomes I, II, III, IV, and VII were related to wheat chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1, 7, 4, 3, and 6, respectively, and were designated 1E, 7E, 4E, 3E, and 6E. Chromosomes V and VI appeared to be related to homoeologous group 2. Other analyses showed that chromosomes V and VI originated from arm exchanges between chromosome 2E and other Agropyron chromosomes. An unaltered disome of Agropyron chromosome 2E was added to the wheat chromosome complement. In the disomic substitutions Agropyron chromosomes 1E, 6E, and 7E compensated for all three wheat homoeologues of the respective homoeologous groups. Chromosome 4E fully compensated for chromosome 4D but only partially for chromosomes 4A and 4B. Chromosomes V and VI compensated poorly or not at all for wheat chromosomes of group 2.

EVALUATION OF THE EFECTS OF EMBEDDING THERAPY AND ELECTRONIC ACUPUNCTURE COMBINED WITH “DOC HOAT TANG KY SINH” REMEDY IN THE TREATMENT OF LOW BACK PAIN BY OSTEOARTHRITIS

2016 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Thi Ngoc Dung Thai ◽  
Thi Tan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Good Level ◽  
Embedding Therapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Low back pain by osteoarthristis is one of the most common diseases in the world as well as in Vietnam, estimated 70-85% people in the world have low back pain sometime in their lives. Obiectives: To evaluate the effects of embedding therapy and electronic acupuncture combined with “Doc hoat tang ky sinh” remedy in the treatment of low back pain by spondylosis. Materials and methods: 72 patients diagnosed of low back pain by spondylosis, were examined and treated at Phu Yen Traditional Medicine Hospital, divided equally into 2 groups (group 1 and group 2). Results: In group 1: Effective treatment at good and fair good level accounted for 41.7% and 41.7%. In group 2: Good level occupied 33.3% and fair good level occupied 55.6%. Conclusion: The ratios of good and fair good in 2 groups were equal (p >0.05) Key words: Low back pain, spondylosis, embedding therapy, electronic acupuncture

THE EFFECTS OF SLAUGHTER WEIGHT AND SEX ON THE COOKING LOSSES FROM AND PALATABILITY ATTRIBUTES OF PORK LOIN CHOPS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. JEREMIAH ◽  
G. M. WEISS
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Cooking Properties ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Practical Standpoint ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Pork Loin ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

A total of 130 barrows and 113 gilts were slaughtered over a range of liveweights from 65.6 to 143.9 kg. These animals were randomly assigned to six different liveweight groups (group 1, less than 79.5 kg; group 2, 79.5 through 93.1 kg; group 3, 93.2 through 106.7 kg; group 4, 106.8 through 120.4 kg; group 5, 120.5 through 134.0 kg; and group 6, 134.1 kg and over) and utilized to evaluate the effects of slaughter weight and sex on palatability and cooking properties. The composite results indicated that the slaughter weight of both barrows and gilts can, from a practical standpoint, be increased to take advantage of potential economic advantages without meaningfully altering cooking losses or palatability attributes. Key words: Pork, slaughter weight, sex, palatability, cooking losses

scholarly journals Críticas ao "Tree Thinking": elucidando o significado das relações filogenéticas

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Rafael Gomes De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Tree Thinking ◽  
Philosophical Basis ◽  
Systematic Biology

<p>O "Tree Thinking" é tido como a metodologia dominante na Biologia Sistemática atual. Todavia, críticas aos procedimentos executados pela mesma são diversas. Neste trabalho serão apresentadas e defendidas aquelas feitas por Fitzhugh no que tange a sua base filosófica e as consequências de tais modificações. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar que o "Tree Thinking" é incompleto, por não reconhecer que as relações filogenéticas são do tipo causal, i.e., são hipóteses explanatórias, sumarizadas de forma prévia em um esquete explanatório (cladograma). Além disso, para embasar tal argumentação, será apresentada uma discussão sobre a definição e os objetivos da Biologia Sistemática e do "Tree Thinking". Como resultado, será possível observar uma confusão entre classificar e sistematizar o conhecimento por aqueles que seguem o "Tree Thinking". Ademais, o "Tree Thinking" falha na aquisição de explicações causais quanto à origem e fixação das características estudadas. Desta forma, o "Tree Thinking" pode ser considerado como uma prática incompleta dentro da Biologia Sistemática e, portanto, recomenda-se a aplicação das propostas de Fitzhugh.</p><p><strong>Palavras chave</strong>: Biologia Sistemática, Cladística, Fitzhugh, Hennig, Sistemática Filogenética, Zimmerman.</p><p><strong>"Tree Thinking" Criticism: elucidating the meaning of phylogenetic relationships</strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong>: The "Tree Thinking" is regarded as the dominant methodology in current Systematic Biology. However, criticisms of the procedures carried out by it are diverse. Here the criticisms made by Fitzhugh regarding its philosophical basis and the consequences of such modifications are presented and defended. Thus, the present work aims to demonstrate that "Tree Thinking", as it has been used, is incomplete because it does not recognize that phylogenetic relationships are of the causal type previously summarized in an explanatory sketch (cladogram). In addition, to support such an argument, a discussion on the definition and objectives of Systematic Biology and "Tree Thinking" is provided. As a result, it is possible to observe confusion between classifying and systematizing the knowledge by those who follow "Tree Thinking". In addition, "Tree Thinking" fails to provide causal explanations regarding the origin and fixation of the characteristics studied. In this way, "Tree Thinking" can be considered an incomplete practice within Systematic Biology and, therefore, the application of the proposals of Fitzhugh are recommended.</p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: Systematic Biology, Cladistics, Fitzhugh, Hennig, Systematic Phylogenetics, Zimmerman.</p>

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships between members of Amaranthaceae and Chenopodiaceae of lower gangetic plains using RAPD and ISSR markers

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tui Ray ◽  
SC Roy
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Microsatellite Repeat ◽  
Arbitrary Primers ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
First Report ◽  
Rapd And Issr ◽  
Similarity Matrices

The present study is the first report of phylogenetic relationships between some economically important members of Amaranthaceae and Chenopodiaceae of Lower Gangetic Plains of India, using RAPD and ISSR markers. A total of 293 RAPD and 177 ISSR fragments were generated with 15 (out of 50) decamer arbitrary primers and 11 (out of 30) microsatellite repeat anchored primers, respectively. Mean genetic similarities were estimated at 0.47 and 0.45 using RAPDs and ISSRs, respectively. The members of Chenopodiaceae are separated from those of Amaranthaceae in both the cases. The mantel test between the two Jaccard's similarity matrices gave r = 0.83, showing good correlation between RAPD and ISSR based similarities. However, in both the dendrograms Celosia sp. showed distant relationships with other amaranths. Key words: Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, RAPD, ISSR, Phylogenetic relationships   doi:10.3329/bjb.v36i1.1544 Bangladesh J. Bot. 36(1): 21-28, 2007 (June)

scholarly journals Characterization of inter-varietal chromosome substitution lines of wheat using molecular markers

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Pánková ◽  
Z. Milec ◽  
M. Leverington-Waite ◽  
S. Chebotar ◽  
J.W. Snape
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Vrn Genes ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Several sets of wheat inter-varietal chromosome substitution lines (SLs) have been produced over the last fifty years at the CRI (formerly RICP) in Prague-Ruzyně, based on cytogenetic manipulations using aneuploids. Lines with defined genes have been obtained which significantly influence growth habit and flowering time and these have been used particularly in the study of the genetics and physiology of flowering. The sets of lines include substitutions of homoeologous group 5 chromosomes carrying Vrn genes that control vernalisation response, homoeologous group 2 chromosomes with Ppd genes controlling photoperiodic sensitivity, and some other substitutions, particularly those with chromosome 3B of the Czech alternative variety Česk&aacute; Přes&iacute;vka where a novel flowering time effect was located. Although the phenotypic and cytological analysis of substitution lines has been continually carried out during backcrossing generations, only the use of molecular markers can allow an unambiguous characterization to verify that substitutions are correct and complete. This analysis has allowed incorrect substitutions or partial substitutions to be identified and discarded. This paper summarizes the results of recent molecular checks of the substitution line collections at CRI.

Comparative RFLP maps of the homoeologous group-2 chromosomes of wheat, rye and barley

1993 ◽  
Vol 85-85 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 784-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Devos ◽  
T. Millan ◽  
M. D. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Group 2

Chromosome instability in wheat plants regenerated from suspension culture

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak ◽  
K. C. Armstrong ◽  
R. J. Handyside
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Instability ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Behaviour ◽  
Meiotic Configuration ◽  
Culture Suspension

Plants of Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring were regenerated from 30 calli obtained from suspension cultures. All four plants showed abnormal meiotic chromosome behaviour relative to the control. The average meiotic configuration over all plants was 1.55 I + 18.16 II + 0.30 III + 0.82 IV. In addition, an isochromosome was frequently observed in cells of all plants, which was indicative of centromeric breaks. Key words: culture (suspension), wheat, chromosome instability.

Immunological Relationships and Generic Revision of the Australian Lizards Assigned to the Genus Leiolopisma (Scincidae, Lygosominae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Hutchinson ◽  
SC Donnellan ◽  
PR Baverstock ◽  
M Krieg ◽  
S Simms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The phylogenetic relationships of the Australian scincid lizards currently assigned to the genus Leiolopisma have been examined by quantitative micro-complement fixation (MC'F) comparisons of serum albumin. The results of these comparisons do not support the monophyly implicit in these species' current congeneric status, but suggest instead that the Australian species of Leiolopisma belong to several distinct phyletic lineages within the Eugongylus group. These findings are supported by several sets of non-biochemical characters, including features of scalation, osteology and karyotype. None of the Australian species shares a close relationship with the type-species of Leiolopisrna (L. telfairii), and so a new taxonomic arrangement is proposed which distributes them among the following genera: Bartleia, gen. nov. (jigurru); Bassiana, gen. nov. (duperreyi, platynotum and trilineata); Cautula, gen. nov. (zia); Niveoscincus, gen. nov. (coventryi, greeni, metallicus, microlepidotus, ocellatus, orocryptus, palfreymani and pretiosus); and Pseudemoia Fuhn, 1967 (baudini, entrecasteauxii Group 1; entrecasteauxii Group 2, rawlinsoni and spenceri). Preliminary comparisons suggest that other Leiolopisma species, from New Caledonia, Lord Howe I. and New Zealand, belong to phyletic lineages which are distinct from any of the Australian 'Leiolopisma' and from the type-species.

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