scholarly journals Modern sector enlargement or traditional sector enrichment?

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Gary S. Fields
Keyword(s):  
Modern Sector ◽  
Traditional Sector

Manpower, Labor Absorption, and Employment in Colombia

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
David T. Geithman
Keyword(s):  
Modern Sector ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Land Redistribution ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Employment Situation ◽  
Traditional Sector ◽  
Active Policy ◽  
Additional Labor ◽  
Unemployment Problem

The Zudak paper (1976) restates in the Colombian context, without adding much that is new, some of the difficulties inherent in defining for practical applications the capital, labor, and output variables. He decides that the output-to-capital ratio in the case of Colombia is about .6 rather than .5 as suggested by Geithman and Landers in an earlier article in this journal (1973). Zudak concludes that the Colombian unemployment problem might best be managed by (1) improving the operation of the labor market, which Geithman-Landers advocated earlier, and (2) reducing the length of the work week. The latter suggestion, he apparently argues, is preferable to other possible policy responses to the employment situation recommended by Geithman-Landers. These consist primarily of (a) the development of additional labor-using production processes in the modern sector to expand the range of technical substitutability in that sector; (b) an active policy of income redistributton in the direction of greater equality in order to spur the demand for traditional sector output and dampen the demand for modern sector goods; and (c) a serious move toward land redistribution and reform as one available means of loosening the country's capital constraint.

scholarly journals Complementarity and transition to modern economic growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeok Jeong ◽  
Yong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Modern Sector ◽  
Modern Economic Growth ◽  
Traditional Sector ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Economic Survey ◽  
Initial Choice ◽  
Two Sectors

AbstractThe Thai Socio-Economic Survey suggests that new labor market entrants increasingly enter activities with high and positive productivity growth (modern sector), but continue to enter activities with low productivity growth (traditional sector). Workers appear to stick to their initial choice of entry between these two sectors throughout their work careers. We postulate that the transition from the traditional to modern sector is gradual because sector-specific work experience complements labor. We measure the technology

scholarly journals TINGKAT PENDAPATAN DALAM HUBUNGAN DENGAN DISTRIBUSINYA DIANTARA RUMAHTANGGA PEDESAAN

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
A. Rozana Nurmanaf
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Modern Sector ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Traditional Sector ◽  
Welfare Society ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
Using Data

Level of income is usually used as the indicator of economic development successful. But, increasing in income is not always followed by the improvement of its distribution. The purpose of this paper is to examine interrelationship between level of income and skewed level of its distribution among households. By using data Patanas ( National Panel of Farmer Study) done by Puslitbang Sosek Pertanian 2004, relationship analysis has been done between income per head and Gini Coefficient as the measurement of skewed level of income distribution. The result show a complete stage of economic development, these are first stage and next stage. In the first stage, income and welfare society distribution tend to skewer together with increasing level of income and economic development successful. Modern sector of economy with just a few actors contributes larger income to society. Whie, traditional sector of economy contributes ust small income yet a lot of actors involve. In the next stage , development successful increase income level and society welfare skewed level. The improvement of traditional sector contributes larger income than modern sector that also improves especially in the number of its actors.

Economic Dualism: The Case of China 1840–1937

1963 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Ming Hou
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Modern Sector ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Traditional Sector ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
Investment In China ◽  
Two Sectors

A persistent argument in condemning foreign economic intrusion in China (1840–1937) is that the “traditional” or the “indigenous” sector of the economy was “hampered,” “disrupted,” or even “ruined.” It is maintained that the handicrafts, small mines, native banks, junks, and coolie carriers were all helplessly depressed because of competition from their counterparts in the modern sector of the economy, which was an outgrowth of external trade and foreign investment in China. Some have argued that the supposed decline in the traditional sector was a net loss to China, since the limited development in the modern sector was not large enough to offset losses in the traditional sector, or that gains in the modern sector were primarily reaped by countries which traded with or invested in China. Others have taken a more moderate view: that the net effect of foreign economic penetration in China cannot be ascertained, because gains and losses in the two sectors cannot be compared quantitatively. But in either case there is the assertion that there was a decline in the traditional sector.

scholarly journals SECTORAL SHIFT, WEALTH DISTRIBUTION, AND DEVELOPMENT

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Yuki
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Initial Distribution ◽  
Modern Sector ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Traditional Sector ◽  
Sectoral Shift

Two phenomena are widely observed when an economy departs from an underdeveloped state and starts rapid economic growth. One is the shift of production, employment, and consumption from the traditional sector to the modern sector, and the other is a large increase in educational levels of the population. The question is why some economies have succeeded in such structural change, but others do not. To examine the question, an overlapping generations (OLG) model that explicitly takes into account the sectoral shift and human capital accumulation as sources of development is constructed. It is shown that, for a successful structural change, an economy must start with a wealth distribution that gives rise to an adequate size of the “middle class.” Once the economy initiates the “take-off,” the sectoral shift and human capital growth continue until it reaches the steady state with high income and equal distribution. However, when the productivity of the traditional sector is low, irrespective of the initial distribution and the productivity of the modern sector, it fails in the sectoral shift and ends up in one of steady states with low income and high inequality. Thus, sufficient productivity of the traditional sector is a prerequisite for development.

scholarly journals The origins of informality: the ILO at the limit of the concept of unemployment

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Benanav
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
International Labour Organization ◽  
Modern Sector ◽  
Traditional Sector ◽  
Post War ◽  
Operational Concept

AbstractOfficial histories suggest that the International Labour Organization (ILO) adopted the term ‘informal sector’ as a replacement for ‘traditional sector’, which, in its pairing with the ‘modern sector’, had fallen out of favour. This article argues that the adoption of the informal sector concept is better understood as arising out of a different context: the ILO’s post-war efforts to generate a globally operational concept of unemployment for use in the ‘developing world’. ILO officials abandoned this project in the late 1960s when they realized that, where work for wages did not constitute a widespread social norm, an accurate measure of what they called ‘disguised unemployment’ was impossible to construct. That led the ILO to develop alternative constructs, including ‘employment in the informal sector’. However, it proved difficult for the agency to operationalize those, too, and it soon found itself losing control of the policy implications of the measures that it was producing.

scholarly journals Vegetable growing in Azerbaijan in modern conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
H. G. Huseynov ◽  
I. G. Jafarov ◽  
Mink Vermeer ◽  
F. B. Musaev
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Vegetable Seed ◽  
Traditional Sector ◽  
Production Area ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Further Development

Relevance. Vegetable growing is a traditional sector of agriculture in Azerbaijan. The republic has all the conditions for its development, both natural and socio-economic. Materials and methods. The aim of the research was to analyze the current state of vegetable growing in the republic, to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the industry, to determine the terms of support for producers from the state and branch science. Results. The gross harvest of vegetables has been steadily growing in the last decades, and by 2019 amounted to 1715 thousand tons. The yield of vegetables also increased during this period from 14, 7 to 21.9 t / ha. In door production area is approximately 4800 ha. The production of greenhouse vegetables is focused on the Russian market. The bottleneck in the industry is vegetable seed production, a market with a capacity of almost 20 million euros is occupied by foreign companies. At the same time, the agricultural producers get state support in the form of subsidies and soft loans and a full tax exemption. Industry science is also developing: the Research Institute of Vegetable Production has been reconstructed and fully equipped, special training organized for vegetable growers in the Azerbaijan State Agrarian University. Further development of the industry continues through the intensification and biologization of production, expanding the range and improving product quality. 

scholarly journals Risk of nasopharyngeal cancer in productive sectors and formaldehyde exposure in bakeries industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Miligi ◽  
S Massari ◽  
R I Paredes Alpaca ◽  
S Piro ◽  
C Airoldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Work Process ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Traditional Sector

Abstract Background The International Agency for Research on Cancer evaluated formaldehyde (F) as carcinogenic for human in association with Nasopharyngeal Cancer (NPC). Occupational exposure to F occurs in many industrial sectors also in those non-traditional. For example in Tuscany F was detected in a bakery where a NPC case had ever worked. Methods In this study a) A case control approach (OCCAM) was used for monitoring occupational risks based on current information sources. Three Italian Regional Operating Centres, collected NPC cases from cancer registries and/or hospital discharge records. Controls were randomly sampled from the regional health service population data. Occupational histories were available through record linkage with the social security pension database (INPS). Study results were reported by industrial sectors, area and gender. b) A specific study on F exposure was conducted in bakeries and pastry industry carrying out measurements to determine the concentration of F in specific tasks and positions. Results 717 cases linked with INPS database. Increased ORs for several industrial sectors such as iron and steel, wood and plastic were observed. In two regions also health and veterinary services and hairdressers were at increased risk, but based on few cases of exposed workers. In the non traditional sector of bakeries and pastry industries, where workplaces were monitored, high levels of F in personal air samplings were found, in particular in processes that involve a strong leavening. Conclusions Many productive sectors, in which F exposure could occurred, were observed to be at higher risk. The measurements performed in the non traditional sector monitored, confirmed the F exposure in some phases of the work process. With this study we contributed to increased knowledge on the risk of NPC within the monitoring system of occupational risks, and to deepen exposure to F in a non traditional productive sector such as bakeries and pastry industries. Key messages The epidemiological method used (OCCAM) in this study provides further information on the role of occupational exposure in the development of nasopharyngeal cancer. The measurements performed in the bakeries and pastry industries provide new additional information on the exposure to formaldehyde in some work process phases of a non-traditional productive sector.

Intellectual capital and firm performance in emerging economies: the case of India

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santi Gopal Maji ◽  
Mitra Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Traditional Sector ◽  
Steel Sector ◽  
Capital Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of intellectual capital (IC) on Indian traditional sector and compare the relative importance of IC on corporate performance of Indian knowledge-based sector (engineering sector) and traditional sector (steel sector). Design/methodology/approach Secondary data on 100 listed Indian firms, comprising of 44 firms from the engineering sector and 56 from the steel sector, are collected from “Capitaline Plus” Corporate database for a period of 14 years from 1999-2000 to 2012-2013. IC and its components are computed using Pulic’s value-added intellectual coefficient model and firm performance is measured by return on asset. Fixed effect regression model is used to investigate the hypothetical relationship between IC and firm performance. Further, quantile regression is used to check the robustness of the results. Findings The results indicate that IC efficiency and physical capital efficiency are positively and significantly associated with the firm performance for both the sectors. Regarding the components of IC, the coefficient of human capital efficiency is positive and significant, but the present effort fails to disentangle any significant influence of structural capital efficiency on firm performance. However, the results indicate that the influence of IC efficiency on firm performance is significantly greater in case of knowledge-based sector than that of traditional sector. Practical implications The findings of the study are useful for the decision makers, as the results indicate that the IC plays crucial role in value creation not only for knowledge-based firms but also for the firms belonging to the traditional manufacturing sector. Originality/value In the Indian context, this is the first study to examine the relative importance of IC in a knowledge-based sector and a traditional sector using appropriate methodology.

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