Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Other Natural Enemies as Mortality Factors for Larvae of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton W McCoy ◽  
David I Shapiro ◽  
Larry W Duncan ◽  
Khuong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Diaprepes Abbreviatus

scholarly journals Perilaku Dan Musuh Alami Kupu Endemik Sulawesi Papilio blumei: Acuan dalam Konservasi

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
SULFIANTO ALIAS ◽  
RC HIDAYAT SOESILOHADI
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
National Park ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
K Value

<p class="5abstrak"><em>Papilio</em><em> blumei</em> is an endemic butterfly of Sulawesi and especially in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. This research was to observed of the behaviour and natural enemies of <em>P. blumei</em> in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. The behaviour of the insect were mating, foraging, competiting, ovipositing and mud-puddling. Life table was used for analysis of mortality factors, therefore the number of mortality was analyzed by key-factors formulation. The result indicated that mating strategies is patrolling. Foraging activity of the sixth instar was the highest compared to the other instars and the lowest one activity of the prapupa stadium of <em>P. blumei</em>. Nectar host plants for the imago of butterfly were <em>Sarcosephalum latifolius</em> and <em>Eugenia sp</em>. There was <em>Scudderia sp</em>. as an interspesific competitor for larval <em>P. blumei</em>. The intraspesific competitor of the imago stage was male of <em>P. blumei</em>. Female <em>P. blumei</em> laid eggs on abaxial leaf <em>E.hupehensis</em> and the eggs hatched after six days. The larva of  <em>P. blumei</em> has a overheating behaviour and the adults has a mud puddling. The natural enemies of <em>P.blumei </em>is <em>Trichogramma</em> sp., with k value = 0.381, <em>Pteromalus </em>sp., with k value = 0.125 and <em>Formica </em>sp., with k value = 0.096.</p>

scholarly journals Contribution to knowledge of Hylesinus fraxini (Panzer, 1779) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) natural enemies from Northern Moravia (Czech Republic)

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
O. Nakládal ◽  
M. Turčáni
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Total Rate ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Thanasimus Formicarius ◽  
Insect Predator

Predation by natural enemies was studied as mortality factors of <I>Hylesinus fraxini</I> in 2006–2007. Predation by birds was not recorded and predation rate by insect reached 0.1%. Only one insect predator was reared – <I>Thanasimus formicarius</I> (Linnaeus, 1758). The total rate of parasitism was 54.0%. At least 8 species of parasitoids from the order Hymenoptera were recorded. The most abundant parasitoid was <I>Eurytoma morio Boheman</I>, 1836 (44.1% from the total number of all reared parasitoids; 23.8% of the total mortality), subsequently <I>Eurytoma arctica</I> Thomson, 1876 (31.7%; 17.1%), <I>Cheiropachus quadrum</I> (Fabricius, 1787) (12.8%; 6.9%), Braconidae (6.3%; 3.4%), <I>Rhaphitelus maculatus</I> Walker, 1834 (3.9%; 2.1%), <I>Mesopolobus</I> sp. (0.5%; 0.3%), were not identified Pteromalidae (0.5%; 0.3%) and <I>Tetrastichus</I> sp. (0.2%; 0.1%).

Natural enemies of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in northeast China, with notes on two species of parasitic Coleoptera

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yi Wang ◽  
Liang-Ming Cao ◽  
Zhong-Qi Yang ◽  
Jian J. Duan ◽  
Juli R. Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Time Of Year

AbstractTo investigate natural enemies of emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in northeastern China, we conducted field surveys of ash (Fraxinus Linnaeus (Oleaceae)) trees in semi-natural forests and plantations at variable EAB densities from 2008 to 2013. Our surveys revealed a complex of natural enemies including eight hymenopteran parasitoids and two apparently parasitic Coleoptera, woodpeckers, and several undetermined mortality factors. Parasitoid complex abundance and its contribution to EAB mortality varied with the time of year, type of ash stands, and geographic regions. The egg parasitoid Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and the larval parasitoid Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were frequently observed in Jilin, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang provinces and in Beijing, but not in Tianjin. Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), however, was more prevalent near Beijing and further south in Tianjin. Larvae of two species of apparently parasitic beetle, Tenerus Laporte (Coleoptera: Cleridae) species and Xenoglena quadrisignata Mannerheim (Coleoptera: Trogossitidae), were also recovered attacking overwintering EAB in Liaoning Province, with Tenerus species being a dominant mortality agent (~13%). Our findings support the need to consider the geographic origin of insect natural enemies for EAB biocontrol, as well as an expanded foreign exploration for EAB natural enemies throughout its native range in Asia.

Compatibility of entomopathogenic nematodes with natural enemies for horticultural pest control

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 104050
Author(s):  
Anna Garriga ◽  
Ana Morton ◽  
Daniel García-López ◽  
Fernando García-del-Pino
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Horticultural Pest

Entomopathogenic nematodes: natural enemies of root-feeding caterpillars on bush lupine

Oecologia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Strong ◽  
H. K. Kaya ◽  
A. V. Whipple ◽  
A. L. Child ◽  
S. Kraig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Bush Lupine ◽  
Root Feeding

Biotic mortality factors affecting emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) are highly dependent on life stage and host tree crown condition

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Jennings ◽  
J.J. Duan ◽  
P.M. Shrewsbury
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Crown Condition ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Tree Resistance

AbstractEmerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, is a serious invasive forest pest in North America responsible for killing tens to hundreds of millions of ash trees since it was accidentally introduced in the 1990s. Although host-plant resistance and natural enemies are known to be important sources of mortality for EAB in Asia, less is known about the importance of different sources of mortality at recently colonized sites in the invaded range of EAB, and how these relate to host tree crown condition. To further our understanding of EAB population dynamics, we used a large-scale field experiment and life-table analyses to quantify the fates of EAB larvae and the relative importance of different biotic mortality factors at 12 recently colonized sites in Maryland. We found that the fates of larvae were highly dependent on EAB life stage and host tree crown condition. In relatively healthy trees (i.e., with a low EAB infestation) and for early instars, host tree resistance was the most important mortality factor. Conversely, in more unhealthy trees (i.e., with a moderate to high EAB infestation) and for later instars, parasitism and predation were the major sources of mortality. Life-table analyses also indicated how the lack of sufficient levels of host tree resistance and natural enemies contribute to rapid population growth of EAB at recently colonized sites. Our findings provide further evidence of the mechanisms by which EAB has been able to successfully establish and spread in North America.

scholarly journals Efficacy of the Applied Natural Enemies on the Survival of Colorado Potato Beetle Adults

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Vladimír Půža ◽  
Jiří Nermuť ◽  
Jana Konopická ◽  
Oxana Skoková Habuštová
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Potato Beetle

Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata is among the most destructive pests of potatoes quickly developing resistance to traditional insecticides. In the present study, we tested the effect of various species and strains of entomopathogenic nematodes on CPB adults, and subsequently, the most effective nematodes were applied alone and in combination with entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana in pots with potato plants and in the field and their effect on the number of emerging adults was evaluated. In the experimental infections, both the nematode invasion and pathogenicity were variable, and, in several strains, the mortality reached 100%. In pot experiments, soil application of nematodes S. carpocapsae 1343 and S. feltiae Jakub and fungus significantly decreased numbers of emerging CPB adults, while, after the application on leaves, only fungal treatment was effective. The field application of fungus B. bassiana significantly decreased the number of emerging CPB adults in comparison to control sites by ca. 30% while the effect of nematodes and the nematodes–fungus combination was not significant. In conclusion, we demonstrate the necessity of thorough bioassays to select the most effective nematode strains. Entomopathogenic nematodes have the potential to effectively decrease the emergence of CPB adults, but further research is needed to improve the effectiveness in the field.

scholarly journals Entomopathogenic nematodes increase predation success by inducing cadaver volatiles that attract healthy herbivores

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Ricardo AR Machado ◽  
Cong Van Doan ◽  
Carla CM Arce ◽  
Lingfei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Herbivore Species ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Volatile Cues

Herbivore natural enemies protect plants by regulating herbivore populations. Whether they can alter the behavior of their prey to increase predation success is unknown. We investigate if and how infection by the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora changes the behavior of healthy larvae of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera), a major pest of maize. We found that nematode-infected rootworm cadavers are attractive to rootworm larvae, and that this behavior increases nematode reproductive success. Nematode-infected rootworms release distinct volatile bouquets, including the unusual volatile butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). BHT alone attracts rootworms, and increases nematode reproductive success. A screen of different nematode and herbivore species shows that attraction of healthy hosts to nematode-infected cadavers is widespread and likely involves species-specific volatile cues. This study reveals a new facet of the biology of herbivore natural enemies that boosts their predation success by increasing the probability of host encounters.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document