Entomopathogenic nematodes: natural enemies of root-feeding caterpillars on bush lupine

Oecologia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Strong ◽  
H. K. Kaya ◽  
A. V. Whipple ◽  
A. L. Child ◽  
S. Kraig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Bush Lupine ◽  
Root Feeding

Compatibility of entomopathogenic nematodes with natural enemies for horticultural pest control

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 104050
Author(s):  
Anna Garriga ◽  
Ana Morton ◽  
Daniel García-López ◽  
Fernando García-del-Pino
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Horticultural Pest

scholarly journals Efficacy of the Applied Natural Enemies on the Survival of Colorado Potato Beetle Adults

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Vladimír Půža ◽  
Jiří Nermuť ◽  
Jana Konopická ◽  
Oxana Skoková Habuštová
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Potato Beetle

Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata is among the most destructive pests of potatoes quickly developing resistance to traditional insecticides. In the present study, we tested the effect of various species and strains of entomopathogenic nematodes on CPB adults, and subsequently, the most effective nematodes were applied alone and in combination with entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana in pots with potato plants and in the field and their effect on the number of emerging adults was evaluated. In the experimental infections, both the nematode invasion and pathogenicity were variable, and, in several strains, the mortality reached 100%. In pot experiments, soil application of nematodes S. carpocapsae 1343 and S. feltiae Jakub and fungus significantly decreased numbers of emerging CPB adults, while, after the application on leaves, only fungal treatment was effective. The field application of fungus B. bassiana significantly decreased the number of emerging CPB adults in comparison to control sites by ca. 30% while the effect of nematodes and the nematodes–fungus combination was not significant. In conclusion, we demonstrate the necessity of thorough bioassays to select the most effective nematode strains. Entomopathogenic nematodes have the potential to effectively decrease the emergence of CPB adults, but further research is needed to improve the effectiveness in the field.

scholarly journals Entomopathogenic nematodes increase predation success by inducing cadaver volatiles that attract healthy herbivores

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Ricardo AR Machado ◽  
Cong Van Doan ◽  
Carla CM Arce ◽  
Lingfei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Herbivore Species ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Volatile Cues

Herbivore natural enemies protect plants by regulating herbivore populations. Whether they can alter the behavior of their prey to increase predation success is unknown. We investigate if and how infection by the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora changes the behavior of healthy larvae of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera), a major pest of maize. We found that nematode-infected rootworm cadavers are attractive to rootworm larvae, and that this behavior increases nematode reproductive success. Nematode-infected rootworms release distinct volatile bouquets, including the unusual volatile butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). BHT alone attracts rootworms, and increases nematode reproductive success. A screen of different nematode and herbivore species shows that attraction of healthy hosts to nematode-infected cadavers is widespread and likely involves species-specific volatile cues. This study reveals a new facet of the biology of herbivore natural enemies that boosts their predation success by increasing the probability of host encounters.

scholarly journals Plant defense resistance in natural enemies of a specialist insect herbivore

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (46) ◽  
pp. 23174-23181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Cong van Doan ◽  
Carla C. M. Arce ◽  
Lingfei Hu ◽  
Sandra Gruenig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Insect Herbivore ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Specialist Insect

Plants defend themselves against herbivores through the production of toxic and deterrent metabolites. Adapted herbivores can tolerate and sometimes sequester these metabolites, allowing them to feed on defended plants and become toxic to their own enemies. Can herbivore natural enemies overcome sequestered plant defense metabolites to prey on adapted herbivores? To address this question, we studied how entomopathogenic nematodes cope with benzoxazinoid defense metabolites that are produced by grasses and sequestered by a specialist maize herbivore, the western corn rootworm. We find that nematodes from US maize fields in regions in which the western corn rootworm was present over the last 50 y are behaviorally and metabolically resistant to sequestered benzoxazinoids and more infective toward the western corn rootworm than nematodes from other parts of the world. Exposure of a benzoxazinoid-susceptible nematode strain to the western corn rootworm for 5 generations results in higher behavioral and metabolic resistance and benzoxazinoid-dependent infectivity toward the western corn rootworm. Thus, herbivores that are exposed to a plant defense sequestering herbivore can evolve both behavioral and metabolic resistance to plant defense metabolites, and these traits are associated with higher infectivity toward a defense sequestering herbivore. We conclude that plant defense metabolites that are transferred through adapted herbivores may result in the evolution of resistance in herbivore natural enemies. Our study also identifies plant defense resistance as a potential target for the improvement of biological control agents.

scholarly journals Compatibility of Heterorhabditis amazonensis MC01 (Nematoda: rhabditida) with fertilizers and soil conditioners

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Andaló ◽  
Fernando da Silva Rocha ◽  
Lucas Silva de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Soil Conditioners

Entomopathogenic nematodes are natural enemies of insect pests present in the soil; however, the intensive use of agricultural inputs can affect the action of these organisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of exposure of the nematode Heterorhabditis amazonensis MC01 to soil fertilizers containing different active ingredient, verifying their influence in the viability, infectivity and nematode production in Tenebrio molitor L. larvae. Nine products were tested, including fertilizers and soil conditioners, using the adapted IOBC/WPRS protocol. The infective juveniles were exposed to the highest concentration recommended by the manufacturer of each product for a period of 48 h. After this period, the viability, infectivity and production were evaluated and the values of mortality, infectivity reduction, production reduction and insecticide effect were obtained in order to classify the products according to IOBC criteria. In this way, the nematode H. amazonensis MC01 was compatible with most of the products under the tested conditions, so could be present in the soil at the same time. However, the product Nutriterge® Formula 3 was considered slightly harmful and Nem out® considered harmful. However, further field tests should be performed with these products to prove the deleterious effect on the nematode tested.

scholarly journals Natural Enemies of Entomopathogenic Nematodes

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (supplement) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry K. KAYA ◽  
Albrecht M. KOPPENHÖFER ◽  
Marshall JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Entomopathogenic nematodes as natural enemies for control of Rhizoglyphus robini (Acari: Acaridae)?

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Nermuť ◽  
Rostislav Zemek ◽  
Zdeněk Mráček ◽  
Eric Palevsky ◽  
Vladimír Půža
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Rhizoglyphus Robini

scholarly journals Competition and intraguild predation between the braconid parasitoidBracon hylobiiand the entomopathogenic nematodeHeterorhabditis downesi, natural enemies of the large pine weevil,Hylobius abietis

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Everard ◽  
C.T. Griffin ◽  
A.B. Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Intraguild Predation ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Hylobius Abietis ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Important Pest

AbstractIn biological control programmes introduced natural enemies compete with indigenous enemies for hosts and may also engage in intraguild predation when two species competing for the same prey attack and consume one another. The large pine weevil,Hylobius abietisL. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an important pest of coniferous reforestation in Europe. Among its natural enemies, the parasitoidBracon hylobiiRatz. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and entomopathogenic nematodes have potential as biological control agents. Both parasitoid and nematodes target the weevil larvae and, hence, there is potential for competition or intraguild predation.In this study, we examine the interaction ofB. hylobiiwith the nematodeHeterorhabditis downesiStock, Griffin and Burnell (Nematode: Heterorhabditidae), testing the susceptibility of larvae, pupae and adults ofB. hylobiitoH. downesiand whether female parasitoids discriminate between nematode-infected and uninfected weevils for oviposition. In choice tests, when weevils were exposed to nematodes 1–7 days previously, noB. hylobiioviposited on nematode-infected weevil larvae. Up to 24 h, healthy weevils were twice as likely as nematode-infected ones to be used for oviposition.Bracon hylobiifemales did not adjust clutch size; nematode-infected hosts were either rejected or the parasitoid laid a full clutch of eggs on them.When nematodes were applied to the parasitoid feeding on weevil larvae, the nematodes parasitized the parasitoid larvae, there was a reduction in cocoon formation and fewer cocoons eclosed. Eclosion rate was not reduced when nematodes were applied to fully formed cocoons, but nearly all of the emerging adults were killed by nematodes.

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