Natural enemies of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in northeast China, with notes on two species of parasitic Coleoptera

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yi Wang ◽  
Liang-Ming Cao ◽  
Zhong-Qi Yang ◽  
Jian J. Duan ◽  
Juli R. Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Time Of Year

AbstractTo investigate natural enemies of emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in northeastern China, we conducted field surveys of ash (Fraxinus Linnaeus (Oleaceae)) trees in semi-natural forests and plantations at variable EAB densities from 2008 to 2013. Our surveys revealed a complex of natural enemies including eight hymenopteran parasitoids and two apparently parasitic Coleoptera, woodpeckers, and several undetermined mortality factors. Parasitoid complex abundance and its contribution to EAB mortality varied with the time of year, type of ash stands, and geographic regions. The egg parasitoid Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and the larval parasitoid Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were frequently observed in Jilin, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang provinces and in Beijing, but not in Tianjin. Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), however, was more prevalent near Beijing and further south in Tianjin. Larvae of two species of apparently parasitic beetle, Tenerus Laporte (Coleoptera: Cleridae) species and Xenoglena quadrisignata Mannerheim (Coleoptera: Trogossitidae), were also recovered attacking overwintering EAB in Liaoning Province, with Tenerus species being a dominant mortality agent (~13%). Our findings support the need to consider the geographic origin of insect natural enemies for EAB biocontrol, as well as an expanded foreign exploration for EAB natural enemies throughout its native range in Asia.

Biotic mortality factors affecting emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) are highly dependent on life stage and host tree crown condition

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Jennings ◽  
J.J. Duan ◽  
P.M. Shrewsbury
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Crown Condition ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Tree Resistance

AbstractEmerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, is a serious invasive forest pest in North America responsible for killing tens to hundreds of millions of ash trees since it was accidentally introduced in the 1990s. Although host-plant resistance and natural enemies are known to be important sources of mortality for EAB in Asia, less is known about the importance of different sources of mortality at recently colonized sites in the invaded range of EAB, and how these relate to host tree crown condition. To further our understanding of EAB population dynamics, we used a large-scale field experiment and life-table analyses to quantify the fates of EAB larvae and the relative importance of different biotic mortality factors at 12 recently colonized sites in Maryland. We found that the fates of larvae were highly dependent on EAB life stage and host tree crown condition. In relatively healthy trees (i.e., with a low EAB infestation) and for early instars, host tree resistance was the most important mortality factor. Conversely, in more unhealthy trees (i.e., with a moderate to high EAB infestation) and for later instars, parasitism and predation were the major sources of mortality. Life-table analyses also indicated how the lack of sufficient levels of host tree resistance and natural enemies contribute to rapid population growth of EAB at recently colonized sites. Our findings provide further evidence of the mechanisms by which EAB has been able to successfully establish and spread in North America.

scholarly journals Establishment and Early Impact of Spathius galinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in the Northeastern United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 2121-2130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian J Duan ◽  
Roy G Van Driesche ◽  
Ryan S Crandall ◽  
Jonathan M Schmude ◽  
Claire E Rutledge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Ash Trees

Abstract The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, a buprestid beetle native to Asia, has become a serious pest of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in North America since the early 2000s. Due to the impracticality of applying insecticides in natural forests, biocontrol is the most viable method to manage EAB in natural ecosystems. Here, we report the first evidence for the establishment and impact of Spathius galinae Belokobylskij & Strazenac, a larval parasitoid first released in North America in 2016 and 2017 at six mixed-hardwood forest sites, in Connecticut, New York, and Massachusetts. We also report current levels of abundance and parasitism of another introduced larval EAB parasitoid, Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), released in 2015 and 2016 in these same sites. Spathius galinae was recovered at all release sites in 2018, and its density in sampled trees had increased 1.5- to 20-fold (relative to the first postrelease sample year), reaching a final density of 2.3–14.3 broods/m2 of phloem area and causing 13.1–49.2% marginal rate of parasitism at four of the six sites. In contrast, T. planipennisi was only recovered in 2018 at four of the six release sites, and both its density (0.1–2.3 broods/m2 of phloem area) and parasitism (0.1–5.6%) were lower than that of S. galinae throughout the study at the four sites where recoveries were made. Our data fill a critical gap in the development of a biocontrol-based EAB management plan to protect surviving ash trees capable of reaching maturity and producing replacement trees.

PERAN DAN POTENSI MUSUH ALAMI DALAM PENGENDALIAN HeUcoverpa armigera (HUBNER) PADA KAPAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
NURINDAH NURINDAH ◽  
DWI ADI SUNARTO ◽  
SUJAK SUJAK
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Action Threshold ◽  
Insect Pathogens ◽  
Development Area ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

<p><strong>The role and potency of natural enemies in controlling HeUcoverpa armigera Hubner in cotton</strong></p><p><strong></strong>HeUcoverpa armigera. known as the cotton bollworm, is one of cotton productivity limiting factors. Efforts in controlling this pesl have been directed lo (he use of its natural enemies, viz. parasiloids. predator and insect pathogens in conservation techniques The study was conducted in two activities. The irst activity was the inventory of parasiloids and predators of// armigera. which was conducted from 1986 to 1999 in the cotton development area in Central Java (Rembang, Pati, and Grobogan).  East Java (Situbondo, Banyuwangi, Tuban. and Lanongan), NIB (Menangabaris. Lokopriya, and Sandubaya), and NTF (Maumere, Wailiti. and Larantuka). The second activity was to sludy the potency of dominant parasiloids and predators in cotton, which was conducted in 1999/2000 in the Research Instalaiion for Tobacco and Fibre Crops, Asembagus. The objectives of the study were to evaluate Ihe diversity of natural enemies, particularly parasiloids and predators, and their role in controlling Ihe population of // armigera in cotton. The inventory of parasiloids and predators was conducted to 15 and 21 species, respectively. The predominant parasiloids were Trichogramma-loidea armigera Nagaraja (egg parasitoid) and Eriborus argenteopilosus Camreon (larval parasitoid). The predominant predators were Deraeocoris indianus Carvalho, Campylomma diversicornis Rcuter (Hemiptera Miridae). Paederus fasciatus Curtis (Coleoptera Staphylinidac) and Coccinellid beetles (Coleoptera Coccincllidac). These predators feed on eggs and small larvae of //. armigera. The potency of these parasiloids and predator, as mortality factors of the pesl, was quantitatively studied in insecticide sprayed and unsprayed cotton ields. The egg and larval parasiloids caused mortality of //. armigera eggs and larvae as high as 65% and 21%, respectively. The predators suppressed // armigera population by 82%, so that its population was lower than that of the plots treated with insecticide. These suppressions resulted in a significantly lower damage of cotton fruiting bodies (4.3-8.0% on sprayed plots vs.1.7-3.4% on unsprayed plots) and hence, a signiicantly higher production of seed cotton ( I 838 kg/ha on sprayed plots vs. 2 170 kg/ha on unsprayed plots). Thereore, // armigera population on collon basically could be managed by its natural enemies below its action threshold, when Hie natural enemies were allowed to build up their population.</p>

scholarly journals Developing a European Toolbox to manage potential invasion by emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) and bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius), important pests of ash and birch

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
H F Evans ◽  
D Williams ◽  
G Hoch ◽  
A Loomans ◽  
M Marzano
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
The State ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Bronze Birch Borer ◽  
The Subject

Abstract The threats posed by the buprestid beetles emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) and bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius Gory) have been the subject of considerable research, primarily to develop methods for detection and management of the pests. PREPSYS, a Euphresco project, has worked with collaborators globally to assess the ‘state of the art’ for the two insect pests and to identify those measures that would best prepare Europe for potential invasion by the pests, especially emerald ash borer which is now in the western part of Russia and in eastern Ukraine. Building on an excellent exchange of knowledge and discussion at the OECD-sponsored international conference held in Vienna in October 2018, the concept of a European Toolbox to increase preparedness for dealing with the pests has been developed. This includes key components including surveillance, direct intervention, use of natural enemies and increased awareness of the problems associated with the pests. Collaboration is essential in delivering and refining the European Toolbox.

BIOLOGY OF ANCYLIS DISCIGERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan H. Claflin ◽  
Douglas C. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Trichogramma Minutum ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

AbstractAncylis discigerana (Walker) is a univoltine leaf folder of yellow birch. Final instar larvae overwinter in litter and pupate from mid-April through mid-May. Adults emerge in early June and deposit single eggs on the upper surface of a leaf, usually on a major leaf vein or other small depression in the epidermis. The first two instars skeletonize the lower surface of a leaf, beneath a sheet of silk that is constructed between two lateral veins. Third-instar larvae move to the upper surface of a different leaf and fold it lengthwise. Larvae feed on the upper epidermis within the fold until leaf-fall. Life stages are described.An egg parasitoid, Trichogramma minutum Riley, and a larval parasitoid, Apanteles polychrosidis Viereck, were the major natural enemies in the population studied.A key is presented for three species of Ancylis found on yellow birch.

scholarly journals Tree Water Stress and Insect Geographic Origin Influence Patterns of Herbivory by Borers in Green (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) and Manchurian (F. mandshurica) Ash

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Martinson ◽  
Chris Sargent ◽  
Michael Raupp
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
North American ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Relative Susceptibility ◽  
Manchurian Ash ◽  
Longhorn Beetles

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is a devastating buprestid beetle introduced to North America from Asia. Asian ash trees exhibit resistance to EAB, likely due to a shared co-evolutionary history. Resistance to one pest, however, does not necessarily confer resistance to others. Should Asian ash be highly susceptible to North American herbivores, the utility of such species for hybridization, breeding programs, and establishment in managed landscapes could be compromised. Common urban problems, such as drought stress, can increase borer attack and survival and may further complicate the search for resistant plant material. The objectives of this study were to examine the relative susceptibility of green (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) and Manchurian (F. mandshurica) ash to EAB and indigenous borers and whether that susceptibility changed with drought stress. In a common garden experiment, EAB occurred more frequently and reached higher abundances in green than Manchurian ash. The frequency and abundance of bark beetles (Curculionidae), North American native clearwing borers (Sesiidae), and longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) were similar in the two ash species. Generation time of EAB was uniformly one year and did not depend on ash species or water stress. Although borers increased as expected in stressed trees, the relative susceptibility of green and Manchurian ash to borers did not change. The findings suggest Manchurian ash may be resistant to several classes of borers, regardless of insect geographic origin, although these conclusions should be viewed with some caution until the results can be verified in larger trees.

What’s killing the green menace: mortality factors affecting the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in North America?

2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Barry Lyons
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Invertebrate Predators

AbstractEmerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is an Asian species that was introduced into North America in the mid-1990s. The beetle has the potential to devastate populations of Fraxinus Linnaeus (Oleaceae) species. Several species of Hymenoptera parasitoids have made the transition from North American Agrilus Curtis hosts to A. planipennis, and some (e.g., Atanycolus Förster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) species) have caused substantial mortality. Invertebrate predators of A. planipennis have been poorly investigated. Predation by woodpeckers (Aves: Picidae) has had the greatest impact on A. planipennis populations. Native entomopathogens have also been observed in populations of A. planipennis and are being explored as potential biological control agents. Agrilus planipennis is a freeze-intolerant species and as such perishes when its tissues freeze. However, the beetle can achieve a mean supercooling point of −30 °C by the production of cryoprotectants, especially glycerol. This low supercooling point in combination with temperatures higher than ambient in its overwintering microhabitat means that it can survive in most of its invaded range. As its distribution expands northward its cold hardiness may be challenged. North American species of Fraxinus possess some resistance to A. planipennis via defensive mechanisms, but these are quickly overcome by expanding larval populations. Intraspecific competition (via cannibalism and starvation) impacts larval survival.

scholarly journals A Phenology Model for Simulating Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) Seasonal Voltinism and Synchrony With Emerald Ash Borer Oviposition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby R Petrice ◽  
Leah S Bauer ◽  
Deborah L Miller ◽  
Therese M Poland ◽  
F William Ravlin
Keyword(s):  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Day Length ◽  
The North ◽  
South Central ◽  
Model Realism ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Phenology Model

Abstract In North America, the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), continues to spread, and its egg parasitoid, Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), is being released for emerald ash borer biocontrol well beyond their endemic climatic ranges in China. We developed a multiple cohort rate summation model to simulate O. agrili F0, F1, and F2 generations, and emerald ash borer oviposition for examining host–parasitoid synchrony across a north–south gradient from Duluth, MN (latitude 46.8369, longitude −92.1833) to Shreveport, LA (latitude 32.4469, longitude −93.8242). Temporal occurrences of critical day length for O. agrili diapause induction were integrated into the model. We used O. agrili and emerald ash borer trapping data from south central and northwestern Lower Michigan for model validation. Simulations demonstrated that 1) F0 adult emergence consistently occurred 2–5 d before emerald ash borer oviposition began; 2) F1 adult emergence was most synchronized with peak emerald ash borer oviposition compared with other generations; and 3) emerald ash borer oviposition was complete, or near so, when F2 adult emergence was predicted across the north–south gradient. Comparison of O. agrili trap captures with model simulations demonstrated that primarily two adult O. agrili generations (F0 and F1) emerged per year in Michigan and almost all F2 larvae entered diapause despite day lengths longer than critical day length in south central Michigan. Critical day length varied temporally across the north–south gradient during emergence of O. agrili generations. Determining day lengths perceived by O. agrili larvae in the field should improve model realism for examining spatiotemporal variation in O. agrili population dynamics.

scholarly journals Comparing Methods for Monitoring Establishment of the Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis, Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Egg Parasitoid Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in Maryland, USA

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 659 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jennings ◽  
Jian Duan ◽  
Paula Shrewsbury
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Percent Parasitism ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Invasive Beetle

The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (EAB), is an invasive beetle that has caused widespread mortality of ash trees in North America. To date, four parasitoids have been introduced in North America for EAB biological control, including the egg parasitoid Oobius agrili Zhang & Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Monitoring EAB egg parasitism is challenging because female beetles oviposit in bark crevices and EAB eggs and O. agrili are small (<1 mm in diameter). Consequently, multiple methods have been developed to recover this parasitoid. Here we compared two methods, visual surveys and bark sifting, used to monitor establishment of O. agrili in Maryland, USA. From 2009 to 2015, a total of 56,176 O. agrili were released at 32 sites across the state. In 2016, we surveyed nine of the study sites for O. agrili establishment using both methods. We compared the amount of time spent searching for eggs separately in each method, and also analyzed the effects of years-post release, total number of parasitoids released, and median month of release, on percent parasitism of EAB eggs, and the percentage of trees per site with parasitized EAB eggs. We found that visually surveying ash trees for EAB eggs was more efficient than bark sifting; the percent parasitism observed using the two methods was similar, but visually surveying trees was more time-efficient. Both methods indicate that O. agrili can successfully establish populations in Maryland, and June may be the best month to release O. agrili in the state. Future research should investigate EAB phenology in the state to help optimize parasitoid release strategies.

scholarly journals How does the Emerald Ash Borer ( Agrilus planipennis ) affect ecosystem services and biodiversity components in invaded areas?

EPPO Bulletin ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Schrader ◽  
R. Baker ◽  
Y. Baranchikov ◽  
L. Dumouchel ◽  
K. S. Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis
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