scholarly journals Homophilous Friendship Assortment Based on Personality Traits and Cognitive Ability in Middle Childhood: The Moderating Effect of Peer Network Size

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ville–Juhani Ilmarinen ◽  
Mari–Pauliina Vainikainen ◽  
Markku Johannes Verkasalo ◽  
Jan–Erik Lönnqvist
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Peer Network

Even though homophily (love of the same) is often thought of as a standard feature of friendships, the empirical evidence for attraction based on personality trait similarity is mixed at best. One reason for the inconsistent findings across studies could be variation in the large–scale social environment in which the studies have been conducted. We investigated whether diversity in the everyday social ecologies of 7– to 8–year–old children ( N = 549) moderates whether friendships are formed on the basis of similar personality traits and similar levels of Cognitive ability. Moderated polynomial regression and response surface analyses showed that classroom size moderated homophily based on Openness to Experience: children similar in Openness were more likely to form friendship ties, but only in larger classrooms. Moreover, we found homophily for Cognitive ability, especially among girls. The results for Openness and Cognitive ability were independent of each other. We discuss the social relevance of trait Openness and the notion that capacity to reciprocate underlies homophily based on Cognitive ability. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals The social construction of blockchain privacy platforms

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-82
Author(s):  
Jenn Mentanko
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Construction Of Technology ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
The Social ◽  
Peer Network ◽  
Data Ownership ◽  
Internet Environment ◽  
Peer To Peer Network

Our current internet environment is characterized by online conglomerates, predictive computing and data mining. With this, there is a growing concern among users on how to protect their privacy and manage their identities online. Advocates for blockchain, the newest large-scale wave of internet based platforms, argue it is highly useful for privacy protection. Blockchain is an encrypted and decentralized public ledger that verifies and stores information through a peer-to-peer network. Using the social construction of technology (SCOT) as a theoretical framework, I deploy a comparative discourse analysis of three blockchain platforms - Brave, Civic and Oasis Labs - along with user discourse on Reddit and Medium. This paper explores how users socially construct this emerging technology by comparing privacy discourse between blockchain platforms and motivated social agents. I found blockchain privacy platforms and its users both value data ownership, ad-blocking and safety and security. However, there is also friction and disagreement about themes of trust and ethics as well as usability.

scholarly journals THE PHENOMENON OF ORDINARY SADISM

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-56
Author(s):  
Julia A. Atadzhykova ◽  
Sergey N. Enikolopov
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
English Language ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
The Social

Background. Currently, foreign researchers are actively developing the notion of “ordinary sadism”, and a new concept of ‘everyday sadism’ is being developed. The study of the proposed subclinical form of sadism makes a significant contribution to the study of “dark” personality traits united in the concept of the Dark Triad, as well as related phenomena such as aggression, antisocial behavior, cruelty, etc. The active development of tools for measuring sadistic traits makes it possible to study both the external manifestations of sadism and its fundamental mechanisms. Objective. The review of the modern Russian and foreign studies in the field of everyday sadism and its link with some relevant phenomena. Design. An analysis of current research on modern ideas about the new formalization of the phenomenon of sadism and an overview of the main English-language tools for measuring sadistic traits. Results. The phenomenon of sadism has been in the focus of attention of researchers for many decades and has been conceptualized in various forms: from impairment disorders to personality disorders. Today, the term “ordinary sadism” is increasingly used, revealing the meaning of sadistic traits outside the clinical context. A large number of studies show the legitimacy of the existence of this construct. Its forms and external manifestations (direct / indirect, verbal / non-verbal sadism) are being actively studied. Possible psychological mechanisms of manifestation of sadism in everyday life and its connection with other relevant phenomena (aggression, types of affect, etc.) are being investigated. The question of potential inclusion of everyday sadism in the Dark triad of personality traits occupies a central place in the scientific debate. Furthermore, several valid measures of sadistic traits have been developed, some of which also allow the analysis of the structure of this phenomenon. Conclusion. The social relevance of everyday sadism determines the interest of many researchers in the study of its outward manifestations as well as its psychological mechanisms. The development and/or adaptation of the measure of sadistic tendencies is bound to open new ways of studying not only sadism per se, but also various related phenomena (e.g., dark personality traits, aggression, antisocial behavior, etc.).

scholarly journals Testing the Social Investment Principle Around Childbirth: Little Evidence for Personality Maturation Before and after Becoming a Parent

2020 ◽  
pp. per.2269
Author(s):  
Eva Asselmann ◽  
Jule Specht
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After

In line with the social investment principle, becoming a parent should lead to more mature behaviour and an increase in conscientiousness, agreeableness, and emotional stability. However, previous research provided mixed results that do not support this idea. Here, we used data from a nationally representative household panel study from Germany ( N = 19 875) to examine whether becoming a parent relates to personality maturation. Whether a child was born was assessed yearly, and the Big Five personality traits were measured in four waves from 2005 to 2017. We used multilevel analyses to investigate whether personality differs between individuals who will or will not become parents, whether personality differs before and after becoming a parent, and whether these effects vary by gender, age, and living status. In sum, our findings revealed that less open and more extraverted individuals were more likely to start a family, and openness and extraversion both decreased after the transition to parenthood. Some other effects varied by gender, age, and living status. Taken together, our findings suggest that the Big Five personality traits differ before and across the transition to parenthood and that these differences especially apply to openness and extraversion. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Using Response Surface Analysis to Interpret the Impact of Parent–Offspring Personality Similarity on Adolescent Externalizing Problems

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aart Franken ◽  
Odillia M. Laceulle ◽  
Marcel A.G. Van Aken ◽  
Johan Ormel
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Personality Similarity ◽  
Parent Personality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

Personality similarity between parent and offspring has been suggested to play an important role in offspring's development of externalizing problems. Nonetheless, much remains unknown regarding the nature of this association. This study aimed to investigate the effects of parent–offspring similarity at different levels of personality traits, comparing expectations based on evolutionary and goodness–of–fit perspectives. Two waves of data from the TRAILS study ( N = 1587, 53% girls) were used to study parent–offspring similarity at different levels of personality traits at age 16 predicting externalizing problems at age 19. Polynomial regression analyses and Response Surface Analyses were used to disentangle effects of different levels and combinations of parents and offspring personality similarity. Although several facets of the offspring's personality had an impact on offspring's externalizing problems, few similarity effects were found. Therefore, there is little support for assumptions based on either an evolutionary or a goodness–of–fit perspective. Instead, our findings point in the direction that offspring personality, and at similar levels also parent personality might impact the development of externalizing problems during late adolescence. © 2017 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF KOREAN SOCIAL NETWORKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cao Thi Hai Bac
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
Network Function ◽  
Social Network Size ◽  
Frequency Of Contact ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

Using the method of synthesis and analysis of available large-scale survey references, this paper points out special features in the social networks of the Korean including three structural characteristics: network size, frequency of contact, and network types; and two functional characteristics: homogeneity and reciprocity (the particular case is the symmetry and the asymmetry). The main results are summarized as follows. In terms of network structure, (1) despite being at a lower level than that of other countries of OECD, in the past 10 years, the social network size of the Korean has been growing, (2) two main types of social networks in Korean society are the network inside the family, relatives, and the network outside the family, relatives. Accordingly, the former usually provides help such as moneyand shared housework. In contrast, the latter often provides assistance by sharing emotional feelings, information, etc. With regard to network function, the Korean tend to form and maintain highly homogeneous social networks. In particular, the network of family and the one of school friends are more important when a person needs help. In addition, the relation of giving and receiving help of the network inside the family is often more asymmetrical than that of the network outside the family.

The Psychocultural Life of Cities and Regions

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-58
Author(s):  
Robert Huggins ◽  
Piers Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Community Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spatially Oriented

This chapter seeks to explore the role of culture in relation to economic development in a place-based context, and secondly to examine the adoption of a more holistic perspective of behaviour at the regional and local level that considers specific configurations of human behaviour, which in combination influence the outputs attained. In particular, it combines theories of socio-spatial community culture and personality psychology into a holistic, spatially oriented perspective in order to identify distinct psychocultural behavioural profiles, drawing on an empirical example of regions and localities across Great Britain. This psychocultural behavioural approach is based on the interaction between the community culture apparent in these localities, which generates the social norms that influence the behaviour of individuals, and the personality traits of individuals located in these places.

The Increment of Social Axioms over Broad Personality Traits in the Prediction of Dyadic Adjustment: An Investigation across Four Ethnic Groups

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 630-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragos Iliescu ◽  
Margareta Dincă ◽  
Michael Harris Bond ◽  
Cornelia Wrzus
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Social Axioms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Partner Effect

This study investigates the relationship between personality, social axioms, and dyadic adjustment. A sample of 420 participants (210 heterosexual couples), approximately evenly distributed between four ethnic backgrounds (Romanian, Hungarian, German, and Rroma), was investigated in a cross–sectional approach with the Romanian versions of the Social Axioms Survey, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. The analyses were based on the actor–partner interdependence model. The results showed that social axioms show incremental validity over personality traits in the prediction of dyadic adjustment, attesting to the usefulness of a worldview measure in predicting interpersonal outcomes over and above that provided by a measure of personality. Three of the five dimensions of social axioms were associated with dyadic adjustment, with either actor or partner effects. A few significant differences have been found between the various ethnic groups on effects of the social axioms on dyadic adjustment: The positive actor effect of reward for application is not visible for German men, the negative partner effect of social cynicism is not detectable for Rroma men, and the negative partner effect of social complexity is not visible for Rroma women. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology

Where you are, what you want, and what you can do: The role of master statuses, personality traits, and social cognition in shaping ego network size, structure, and composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-380
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Brashears ◽  
Laura Aufderheide Brashears ◽  
Nicolas L. Harder
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Ego Networks ◽  
Network Information ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEgo networks are thought to be influenced by the opportunities provided to associate with others given by our master statuses (e.g., race or sex), by the preferences individuals possess for interaction given our personality traits (e.g., extroverted or neurotic), and by the capacity to manage interactions on an ongoing basis given our cognitive ability to recall network information. However, prior research has been unable to examine all three classes of predictors concurrently. We rectify this deficiency in the literature by using a novel dataset of nearly 1000 respondents collected using controlled laboratory designs; using this dataset, we can simultaneously examine the impact of master statuses, personality traits, and social cognitive competencies on ego network size, structure (i.e., density), and composition (i.e., diversity). We find that all classes of predictors influence our ego networks, though in different ways, and point to new avenues for research into human sociability.

scholarly journals Peer Sociometric Status and Personality Development from Middle Childhood to Preadolescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 606-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ville–Juhani Ilmarinen ◽  
Mari–Pauliina Vainikainen ◽  
Markku Verkasalo ◽  
Jan–Erik Lönnqvist
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Sociometric Status ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personality Ratings ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Peer Nominations ◽  
Age Range

Sociometric status, the regard that other group members confer to an individual, is one of the most ubiquitous and behaviourally relevant attributes assigned to the person by the social environment. Despite this, its contribution to personality development has received little attention. The present three–wave longitudinal study, spanning the age range 7–13 years ( n = 1222), sought to fill this gap by examining the transactional pathways between peer sociometric status (measured by peer nominations) and Five–Factor personality traits (measured by self–ratings and parent and teacher ratings). Sociometric status prospectively predicted the development of extraversion. By contrast, agreeableness and neuroticism prospectively predicted the development of sociometric status. Furthermore, individual–level stability in extraversion was associated with individual–level stability in sociometric status. The results were robust across different sources of personality ratings. We argue that peer sociometric status in the school classroom is the type of environmental effect that has potential to explain personality development. Because of its stability, broadness, and possible impact across a variety of personality processes, sociometric status can both repetitiously and simultaneously influence the network of multiple inter–correlated micro–level personality processes, potentially leading to a new network equilibrium that manifests in changes at the level of the broad personality trait. © 2019 European Association of Personality Psychology

Multiple-source Record Linkage in a Rural Industrial Community, 1680–1820

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve King
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Multiple Source ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Industrial Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Broad Outline

Re-creating the social, economic and demographic life-cycles of ordinary people is one way in which historians might engage with the complex continuities and changes which underlay the development of early modern communities. Little, however, has been written on the ways in which historians might deploy computers, rather than card indexes, to the task of identifying such life cycles from the jumble of the sources generated by local and national administration. This article suggests that multiple-source linkage is central to historical and demographic analysis, and reviews, in broad outline, some of the procedures adopted in a study which aims at large scale life cycle reconstruction.

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