scholarly journals THE PHENOMENON OF ORDINARY SADISM

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-56
Author(s):  
Julia A. Atadzhykova ◽  
Sergey N. Enikolopov
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
English Language ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
The Social

Background. Currently, foreign researchers are actively developing the notion of “ordinary sadism”, and a new concept of ‘everyday sadism’ is being developed. The study of the proposed subclinical form of sadism makes a significant contribution to the study of “dark” personality traits united in the concept of the Dark Triad, as well as related phenomena such as aggression, antisocial behavior, cruelty, etc. The active development of tools for measuring sadistic traits makes it possible to study both the external manifestations of sadism and its fundamental mechanisms. Objective. The review of the modern Russian and foreign studies in the field of everyday sadism and its link with some relevant phenomena. Design. An analysis of current research on modern ideas about the new formalization of the phenomenon of sadism and an overview of the main English-language tools for measuring sadistic traits. Results. The phenomenon of sadism has been in the focus of attention of researchers for many decades and has been conceptualized in various forms: from impairment disorders to personality disorders. Today, the term “ordinary sadism” is increasingly used, revealing the meaning of sadistic traits outside the clinical context. A large number of studies show the legitimacy of the existence of this construct. Its forms and external manifestations (direct / indirect, verbal / non-verbal sadism) are being actively studied. Possible psychological mechanisms of manifestation of sadism in everyday life and its connection with other relevant phenomena (aggression, types of affect, etc.) are being investigated. The question of potential inclusion of everyday sadism in the Dark triad of personality traits occupies a central place in the scientific debate. Furthermore, several valid measures of sadistic traits have been developed, some of which also allow the analysis of the structure of this phenomenon. Conclusion. The social relevance of everyday sadism determines the interest of many researchers in the study of its outward manifestations as well as its psychological mechanisms. The development and/or adaptation of the measure of sadistic tendencies is bound to open new ways of studying not only sadism per se, but also various related phenomena (e.g., dark personality traits, aggression, antisocial behavior, etc.).

Zeitzeuge der Zeitschrift für Evangelische Ethik von 1970 bis 2003

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Theodor Strohm
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Evangelical Church ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
The Social ◽  
Willy Brandt ◽  
The University ◽  
The Welfare State

Abstract This article shows clearly the experiences of the author concerning the social restart of Germany after 1945. The ZEE was and is a place for reflection and reorientation. Personal encounters with personalities of the »first hour« constitute the opening. This is followed by five central situations which were witnessed and devised by the author. They had a direct effect on the ZEE. 1. The participation in the senior staff of Willy Brandt had an effect on the contemplation of an »ethos of inner reforms«. 2. The reform process in South Africa with its »peaceful revolution« brought the author there, having intense working relations to the leaders of the »black majority«. These experiences found their way into the ZEE. 3. As chairman of the chamber for social order of the EKD (Evangelical Church in Germany) the author worked nearly 20 years intensively on memoranda concerning the reorientation of the welfare state in many dimensions. The ZEE was a central place of scientific debate. 4. and 5. As head of the Diakoniewissenschaftliches Institut (I. for Christian social work) of the University of Heidelberg basic questions of deaconry theologically and at the same time world wide aspects were at the centre of interest also at the ZEE

scholarly journals Dark Triad personality traits vary across countries and predict antisocial behavior

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichola Raihani ◽  
Paul Deutchman
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Proximate Explanation

Humans commonly punish exploitative group members but punishment is also frequently targeted at cooperative individuals. The proclivity for ‘antisocial punishment’ varies widely across societies, although the reasons for this variation remain unclear. Here, we identify personality factors associated with antisocial punishment, using a joy-of-destruction game with participants from India and the USA. This game allows players to harm one another, by destroying the partner’s earnings, without any strategic incentive for doing so. High Dark Triad scores, implying the presence of personality traits underlying selfish and aggressive behavior, predicted destruction in this game. Participants from India scored higher on the Dark Triad scale than players from the USA, and were more likely than US-based participants to destroy the partner’s endowment. These data suggest that Dark Triad personality traits could be a proximate explanation for antisocial behavior.

The Mechanism for Imposing Punishment as a Tool for Implementing the Principle of Justice

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Vadim D. Filimonov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Principle Of Justice

The article examines justice as a principle of law and as criminal principle of justice as a principle of compensated justice. The measure of justice in punishment is mainly the correspondence of the punishment to the public danger of the committed crime, i.e. a certain equality of harm caused by criminals to other persons, society or the state, and the severity of the punishment imposed on them. The author argues that a court that follows the principle of justice in imposing punishments has to establish two types of genetic correspondence. The first type is the correspondence of the criminal behavior, circumstances of the crime and the culprit’s personality to the public danger of the criminal’s personality as a criminological basis for imposing punishment. This correspondence employs the genesis of criminal behavior to substantiate the imposed punishment. The rejection of this correspondence could lead to a misconception about the nature and degree of social danger of the perpetrator’s personality as well as an unreasonable type and amount of punishment for the committed crime. The second type consists in the compliance of the type and amount of punishment with the grounds for its imposition ˗the social need to oppose antisocial behavior and personality traits of the guilty person with such a punishment that meets the interests of law-abiding citizens, society, and the state, that is, a social phenomenon that embodies the genesis of criminal law regulation of public relations. The author claims that that it is necessary to identify not only the above-mentioned types of genetic and other correspondences in the mechanism of imposing a punishment, but also take into account the correspondence in terms of proportionality, especially when it comes to the compliance of the punishment with the gravity of the crime committed. Having analyzed all types of correspondences in the mechanism of punishment imposition, the author concludes that since the indicated types of orrespondences in the system of punishment imposition determine the activity of the court, insofar they act as its regulators. The ability to regulate the activities of the court turns their entire set into an instrument for introducing the principle of justice into punishment. Therefore, the mechanism for imposing punishment manifests itself in the process of regulating criminal law relations as a legal instrument for implementing the principle of justice in punishment.

scholarly journals Dark Personalities in the Workplace

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Schyns ◽  
Susanne Braun ◽  
Barbara Wisse
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Leadership Emergence ◽  
Organizational Variables ◽  
Organizational Functioning ◽  
Concern For Others ◽  
Sense Of Entitlement ◽  
Willingness To Engage

Dark Triad personality traits in the workplace comprise the traits narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. The Dark Triad, and its relationships with individual and organizational variables, has received increasing attention in organizational behavior research. These three traits share a lack of concern for others but also have idiosyncratic attributes. Narcissism is characterized by a sense of entitlement and self-absorption. Machiavellianism comprises a focus on instrumentality and willingness to engage in manipulation. Psychopathy, possibly the darkest of the three traits, renders individuals callous, impulsive, and displaying antisocial behavior. While Dark Triad traits may be adaptive in some regards (e.g., narcissism facilitates leadership emergence), the majority of empirical findings point to the damage that individuals high in those traits can do to other organizational members and effective organizational functioning.

Stand Up to Children’s Rights: An Exercise in Listening in English as a Foreign Language

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 472-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rigoberto Castillo ◽  
Natalia A. Gabalo ◽  
Natalia Segura
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Action Research Project ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
The Social

This paper reports an experience conducted to understand the social representations of children’s rights that emerged when discussing them in the English class at a secondary school in Bogota d.c. The variables identified were: children’s rights education; social representations; and listening competence. This qualitative action research project gathered data from observations, questionnaires and artefacts to identify the perceptions and understandings of the rights of the child from 27 participants. The findings indicate that they became aware of the social relevance of rights, of the agents who may violate their entitlements, and of the responsibility of promoting rights. The data also indicated that most of the 27 English language learners gained in language development, specifically in listening for general understanding and listening for specific information as well as in the use of listening strategies such as note-taking and translating. Data also revealed that they grasped vocabulary related to the discussion of rights.

scholarly journals Homophilous Friendship Assortment Based on Personality Traits and Cognitive Ability in Middle Childhood: The Moderating Effect of Peer Network Size

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ville–Juhani Ilmarinen ◽  
Mari–Pauliina Vainikainen ◽  
Markku Johannes Verkasalo ◽  
Jan–Erik Lönnqvist
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Peer Network

Even though homophily (love of the same) is often thought of as a standard feature of friendships, the empirical evidence for attraction based on personality trait similarity is mixed at best. One reason for the inconsistent findings across studies could be variation in the large–scale social environment in which the studies have been conducted. We investigated whether diversity in the everyday social ecologies of 7– to 8–year–old children ( N = 549) moderates whether friendships are formed on the basis of similar personality traits and similar levels of Cognitive ability. Moderated polynomial regression and response surface analyses showed that classroom size moderated homophily based on Openness to Experience: children similar in Openness were more likely to form friendship ties, but only in larger classrooms. Moreover, we found homophily for Cognitive ability, especially among girls. The results for Openness and Cognitive ability were independent of each other. We discuss the social relevance of trait Openness and the notion that capacity to reciprocate underlies homophily based on Cognitive ability. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology

The Dark Tetrad

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janko Međedović ◽  
Boban Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Pole ◽  
Latent Space ◽  
Order Factor

Abstract. Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy are personality traits understood to be dispositions toward amoral and antisocial behavior. Recent research has suggested that sadism should also be added to this set of traits. In the present study, we tested a hypothesis proposing that these four traits are expressions of one superordinate construct: The Dark Tetrad. Exploration of the latent space of four “dark” traits suggested that the singular second-order factor which represents the Dark Tetrad can be extracted. Analysis has shown that Dark Tetrad traits can be located in the space of basic personality traits, especially on the negative pole of the Honesty-Humility, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Emotionality dimensions. We conclude that sadism behaves in a similar manner as the other dark traits, but it cannot be reduced to them. The results support the concept of “Dark Tetrad.”

Subclinical Sadism and the Dark Triad

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K. Johnson ◽  
Rachel A. Plouffe ◽  
Donald H. Saklofske
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Antisocial Personality Traits

Abstract. The Dark Triad is a constellation of three antisocial personality traits: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. Recently, researchers have introduced a “Dark Tetrad” that includes subclinical sadism, although others suggest considerable overlap between psychopathy and sadism. To clarify the position of sadism within the Dark Triad, an online study was conducted with 615 university students. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that a six-factor solution fit the data best, representing Machiavellianism, psychopathy, physical sadism, verbal sadism, narcissism, and vicarious sadism. Furthermore, convergent validity was supported through sadism’s correlations with the HEXACO personality traits. The results support sadism’s inclusion within the Dark Tetrad as a unique construct but with some conceptual overlap with psychopathy.

In Search of the Prosocial Personality

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Wertag ◽  
Denis Bratko
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Prosocial behavior is intended to benefit others rather than oneself and is positively linked to personality traits such as Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility, and usually negatively to the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). However, a significant proportion of the research in this area is conducted solely on self-report measures of prosocial behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prosociality and the basic (i.e., HEXACO) and dark personality traits, comparing their contribution in predicting both self-reported prosociality and prosocial behavior. Results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that the Dark Triad traits explain prosociality and prosocial behavior above and beyond the HEXACO traits, emphasizing the importance of the Dark Triad in the personality space.

Role of Social Symptomatology in Understanding Dark Triad Personality Traits

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Stead ◽  
Cynthia Fekken ◽  
Alexandra Kay ◽  
Kate Mcdermott
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Dark Triad
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