Assessing surface and subsurface transport of neonicotinoid insecticides from no‐till crop fields

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah T. Frame ◽  
Kirsten A. Pearsons ◽  
Kyle R. Elkin ◽  
Louis S. Saporito ◽  
Heather E. Preisendanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subsurface Transport ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticides ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
No Till

scholarly journals Effect of Crop Residues on Weed Emergence

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Nebojša Nikolić ◽  
Donato Loddo ◽  
Roberta Masin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Field Quantity ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
No Till

Weed behaviour in crop fields has been extensively studied; nevertheless, limited knowledge is available for particular cropping systems, such as no-till systems. Improving weed management under no-till conditions requires an understanding of the interaction between crop residues and the seedling emergence process. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of maize and wheat residues, applied in three different quantities (1, the field quantity, 0.5, and 1.5-fold amounts of the field quantity), on the emergence of eight weed species: Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria pumila, Sonchus oleraceus, and Sorghum halepense. The experiment was conducted over two consecutive years. The results showed that the quantities 1 and 1.5 could suppress seedling emergence by 20 and 44%, respectively, while the quantity 0.5 seems to promote emergence by 22% compared with the control without residues. Weed species showed different responses to crop residues, from C. album showing 56% less emergence to S. halepense showing a 44% higher emergence than the control without residues. Different meteorological conditions in the two-year experiment also exhibited a significant influence on weed species emergence.

Consultant's Perspective on the Evolution and Management of Glyphosate-Resistant Kochia (Kochia scoparia) in Western Kansas

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amar S. Godar ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
No Till

Glyphosate is the leading herbicide used in glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops and no-till production systems. Evolved resistance to glyphosate in kochia was first reported in Kansas in 2007. Shortly thereafter, GR kochia became prevalent in western Kansas. An online survey of crop consultants was conducted in fall 2012 to gain their perspectives on evolving glyphosate resistance in kochia in western Kansas, to gather information on how grower weed management practices have changed from before to after occurrence of GR kochia, and to assess the effectiveness of management practices used during 2011 to 2012. Results of the survey indicated increasing infestation of kochia from prior to 2007 (present in 47% of fields) through 2012 (present in 70% of fields). It was estimated that greater than one-third of the cropland in western Kansas was thought to be infested with GR kochia by 2012. Growers increased glyphosate use rates from an average of 0.8 to 1.22 kg ae ha−1and application frequencies from 2.0 to 2.9 from the period before 2007 to 2012. The spread of GR kochia has resulted in changing weed management practices. During the survey period, growers reduced the exclusive use of glyphosate from 49 to 15% for GR crop fields and diversified weed management practices. Though other herbicides in addition to or in place of glyphosate were often applied prior to kochia emergence and were effective in more than half the fields, at least one-fourth of respondents reported inconsistent results with alternative kochia control practices other than tillage. These results are educational and helpful in developing both proactive and reactive tactics to manage GR kochia.

scholarly journals Breeding Conditions for Birds in the Nowaday Farmlands of the European Russia: the Impact of Agriculture Intensification and Polarization. Part II. Birds

2020 ◽  
pp. 470-492
Author(s):  
T. V. Sviridova ◽  
L. V. Malovichko ◽  
G. V. Grishanov ◽  
P. D. Vengerov
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Grey Partridge ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
No Till ◽  
Agriculture Intensification ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Common Quail ◽  
Meadow Species ◽  
Abandoned Lands

The considerable polarization of bird habitats has been formed in European Russia – extensive abandoned lands, of low suitability for nesting of typical meadow species, alternate with increasingly intensively cultivated fields. Though the abundance of most species is low in these fields, the polarization has resulted in their increasing exploitation by Eurasian Curlew, Black-tailed Godwit, Common Redshank, Black-winged Pratincole, Demoiselle Crane, Montagu's Harrier, Grey Partridge, Short-eared Owl and Mallard, apart from those more typical for fields: Lapwing, Common Quail, Eurasian Skylark, Calandra Lark and Western Yellow Wagtail. However, nesting of these species on most crop fields often results in low breeding success. The trends most unfavorable for nesting birds in European Russia are conversion of grasslands into arable lands, associated with the switching to indoor keeping of cattle, and increasing no-till farming.

scholarly journals Sources and subsurface transport of dissolved reactive phosphorus in a semiarid, no‐till catchment with complex topography

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1286-1297
Author(s):  
Aline Ortega‐Pieck ◽  
Jessica Norby ◽  
Erin S. Brooks ◽  
Daniel Strawn ◽  
Alex R. Crump ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Topography ◽  
Subsurface Transport ◽  
No Till ◽  
Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

Effect of precursors, fertilizers and soil cultivation on the phytosanitary condition of winter wheat crops in the zone of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
T.S. Vinnichuk ◽  
L.M. Parminskaya ◽  
N.M. Gavrilyuk
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
No Till ◽  
Harmful Organisms

In the article the research the results of studies of the phytosanitary state of winter wheat sowing with three soil treatments - plowing (22-24 cm), shallow (10-12 cm) and zero (no - till) with various doses of fertilizers: N56 Р16 К16 , N110-130 Р90 К110 and N145-165 Р135 К150 , without fertilizers (control) for the two predecessors - soybean and rapeseed. The influence of these methods on the development and prevalence of powdery mildew, septoriosis of leaves, root rot of winter wheat, the most common pests in the area of research - cereal flies, wheat thrips and grain sawflies. The identified measures to limit the development and spread of harmful organisms above.

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