Land Banks' Impact on Agrarian Reform and Equitable Land Redistribution

<p>Agrarian Reform and Land Redistribution have been pursued by the government in various ways. Still, the key question is whether establishing a Land Bank will result in a fair redistribution of land. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of land banks on agrarian reform and equitable land redistribution following the passage of the Job Creation Act. The findings revealed that the land bank only has a few abandoned lands that are not held by the state, which will be used by the form based on public interest and subsequently handed to the community. The existence of a land bank is a government endeavor to offer land for the public good and for persons who require it.</p>

EUPHORIA DAVIDII SUBILS (EUPHORBIACEAE) IN FLORA OF RAILWAY TRACKS OF DNIESTER BAY BAR

Aim. Anthropogenically transformed ecotopes act as a centre for existance of many adventive species. The distribution of North-American species Euphorbia davidii subsp. Poinsettia across various continents is often attributed to the export of grain. For some time scientists have been bringing up the issue about identification of plants E. davidii in new territories, because the species is morphologically similar to E. dentata agg. The species E. davidii is characterised by a high invasive potential, it is a neophyte. In Ukraine the species is represented by separate localities almost throughout the country. It is related to sectors of ports, railway tracks, and abandoned lands. Methods. In the year 2021, by means of route method, in sectors of railway tracks of the Dniester bay bar, between the railway stops Karolina-Buhas and Soniachna (total length is up to eight kilometers) seven localities of E. davidii were distinguished; the coordinates of the locations are listed in the publication. The examined ecotopes are characterised by a crushed stone substratum, with higher temperatures, and also by specific vibrational, insolational and hydrological modes. Results. Both inconsiderable in number of plants localities (32 exemplars) and zones, where the number of plants reaches over 2000 are represented. The extent of habitats ranges from 2 to 20 meters. The height of particular, the most developed individuals constituted 20 cm. As a rule, in the inter-rail space there is a considerably smaller number of plants, however, they are better developed, well-branched and have more inflorescences with fruits. Conclusions. A number of plants from the southern slopes of the railways is typically bigger, however, the plants on the southern slopes (in comparison with the northern ones) are worse developed, branch out less and, at the time of conducting the research were represented by a smaller number of generative individuals. In sandy sectors of the bay bar adjoining the railway tracks the plants E. davidii were almost not noticed. The individuals found in the above-mentioned sectors are characterised by stunted growth, a single stem, almost did not bloom, and did not produce seeds.

Addressing the agricultural financing gap in Malaysia via Manihah Agricultural Financing Model: will Islamic banks go the extra mile?

PurposeThis paper introduces the concept of manihah and develops a conceptual framework to address Malaysia's abandoned lands and food security issues.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper based on insights from the existing literature and secondary data on food security, abandoned lands and manihah. Based on the prevailing gaps, the study proposes a conceptual framework of the Manihah Agricultural Financing Model to address Malaysia's abandoned land and food security issues.FindingsThe proposed model can address abandoned lands and food security issues due to the new incorporation of manihah within Malaysia's agricultural and Islamic financial industries' milieu.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a conceptual paper mainly intended to spark a discussion on the potentiality of manihah.Practical implicationsThe paper contends that Islamic banks have a crucial role in furthering the socio-economic development agenda under the value-based intermediation (VBI). The paper will also be an excellent introduction to Islamic bank practitioners in understanding manihah's relevance to their daily operation.Originality/valueThis paper introduces manihah as the potential solution to food security issues by utilizing abandoned lands.

Analysis of The Change of Derelict Lands in Ignalina District Municipality in 2013–2019

Although the number of derelict and unused land in the country is declining every year, the problem of derelict land still remains. The reasons for the emergence of such land are various, usually the whole complex of circumstances that led to the abandonment of land in one area or another. Abandoned land is noticeable in both private and public land. The largest areas of derelict land are found in Vilnius district and north-eastern Lithuania. At the beginning of 2019, there were 4,783 abandoned land plots in Ignalina district. They occupied 2286,93 ha, which was 1.5 percent. district area. In the analyzed period of 2013–2019, the area of abandoned lands decreased by 1985.57 ha, i. y. 46 percent. After examining the reasons for the emergence of abandoned lands, it was established that they are complex – natural, economic, social, demographic, political, legal and human economic activities. The article examines land management measures that have influenced the reduction of brownfields - inspections of state control of land use, inspections of brownfields according to spatial data sets and application of RDP for afforestation on non-forest land. The maximum number of abandoned land inspections was determined during the state land control. There were 2239 inspections of derelict land, which is 79 percent. all land management measures applied. Keywords: land management, abandoned lands, Land Fund of the Republic of Lithuania, agricultural land, state control.

The new state program for the restoration of abandoned lands and the development of the reclamation complex is a necessary step to ensure food security

A necessary condition for food security is the rational use of lands suitable for agriculture. The article considers the legislative and strategic measures implemented at the present time and in the recent past to involve abandoned lands in the economic turnover and to develop the land reclamation complex.

The Influence of Seasonality on the Multi-Spectral Image Segmentation for Identification of Abandoned Land

Areas of agricultural land in Lithuania have decreased from 2005 to 2021 by up to 2.4%. Agricultural lands that are no longer used for their main purpose are very likely to become abandoned and the emergence of such lands can cause a variety of social, economic, and environmental problems. Therefore, it is very important to constantly monitor changes of abandoned agricultural lands. The purpose of the research is to analyse the influence of seasonality on image segmentation for the identification of abandoned land areas. Multi-spectral Sentinel-2 images from different periods (April, July, and September) and three supervised image segmentation methods (Spectral Angle Mapping (SAM), Maximum_Likelihood (ML), and Minimum distance (MD)) were used with the same parameters in this research. Studies had found that the most appropriate time to segment abandoned lands was in September, according to the SAM and ML algorithms. During this period, the intensity of the green colour was the highest and the colour brightness of abandoned lands differed from the colour intensity of other lands.

Cleome rutidosperma (fringed spiderflower).

C. rutidosperma is a common herb that grows as a weed in disturbed and ruderal habitats, principally in areas with humid and hot environmental conditions. It is often found as a weed of disturbed ground, roadsides, gardens, crops and abandoned lands, and has also been found growing as an epiphyte on trees, stone walls and cliff faces. This species is included in the Global Compendium of Weeds (Randall, 2012) where it is considered to have moderate economic impacts in a wide range of crops, due to its scrambling habit that smothers and stunts young crop plants. C. rutidosperma has been listed as invasive in China, Malaysia, India, Thailand, Vietnam, Australia, and the Domican Republic (Waterhouse and Mitchell, 1998; Kairo et al., 2003; Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2014, USDA-ARS, 2014). This species has had considerable environmental impacts in South East Asia and Australia. C. rutidosperma also has the potential to be moderately problematic in intensive cropping areas, greenhouses and nurseries.

Study of Farmer’s Behavior in Recultivation of Abandoned Farmland: Example of the Republic of Buryatia

Despite the looming land scarcity suited for agricultural expansion, farmland abandonment is widespread globally. The recultivation of some abandoned farmlands could unlock the untapped agricultural potential. Yet, little is known about the determinants of recultivation. To better understand the behavioral intentions of farmers regarding the recultivation of abandoned lands, we concentrated on the Buryat Republic in Russia, where agricultural land abandonment is widespread and farmers with different ethnicities carry out diverse agricultural practices. We conducted 149 face-to-face interviews with the farmers in the Buryat Republic in 2018 and filled a structured questionnaire on farm’s and farmers’ socioeconomic characteristics, perceived corruption, and farmers’ behavioral intentions regarding expected land use. We modeled the intention of recultivation with the Bayesian networks. The Bayesian networks analysis showed that perceived corruption was considered to be a barrier to recultivation. Our study also showed that non-Buryat ethnic and young farmers are more likely to recultivate abandoned land. Abandoned farmlands without or with a low degree of afforestation were preferred for recultivation. In sum, our study showed how behavioral aspects of political trust, the farm’s and farmer’s characteristics, in combination with regional and locational characteristics, may shape farmers’ decisions on land use. The results provide an important ground to assess regional land-use policies, which should foster the recultivation of abandoned lands while preserving ecosystem services in the global hotspots of farmland abandonment, such as Russia

PENNSYLVANIA’S ENVIRONMENTAL GOOD SAMARITAN PROGRAM

Pennsylvania enacted an Environmental Good Samaritan Act (PA EGSA) in 1999. The law is intended to encourage landowners and others to reclaim abandoned mineral extraction lands and abate water pollution caused by abandoned mines or orphaned oil and gas wells. The law protects landowners, groups and individuals who volunteer to do such projects from civil and environmental liability under Pennsylvania law. Prior to the PA EGSA, anyone who voluntarily reclaimed abandoned lands or treated water pollution for which they were not liable could be held responsible for treating the residual pollution under Pennsylvania law. This dissuaded people and groups from pursuing these types of projects. Only projects approved by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PA DEP) prior to construction are eligible for protections under the PA EGSA. PA DEP has developed a project proposal form for participants and landowners. Each proposal must identify the project participants and landowners, describe the location of the project and the environmental problems that will be addressed, and establish a work plan for the proposed project. The PA DEP evaluates each proposal to determine if the project is capable of reclaiming the land or improving water quality. The PA DEP will also advise participants on any permits that may be required. Once the project is approved, PA DEP will maintain a permanent record of the participants and landowners who are protected under the PA EGSA.