Monitoring tobacco thrips,Frankliniella fusca(Hinds), resitance to neonicotinoid insecticides in the mid-south

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsie H Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Neonicotinoid Insecticides ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips

scholarly journals First Report on the Multiplication of Tomato Spotted Wilt Tospovirus in Tobacco Thrips, Frankliniella fusca

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1282-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Pappu ◽  
J. W. Todd ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
M. D. Bandla ◽  
J. L. Sherwood
Keyword(s):  
Virus Replication ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Individual Adult

In Georgia, tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) causes significant losses in peanut, tobacco, tomato, and pepper. Transmission of TSWV in Georgia primarily is by tobacco thrips (TT), Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and western flower thrips, F. occidentalis (Pergande), with TT being the predominant vector species in peanut (2). TSWV must be acquired at the larval stage for the adult to transmit the virus. Detection of NSs (a non-structural TSWV protein present only following virus replication) in thrips by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a reliable indicator that the virus had multiplied in the vector and thus the vector is competent to transmit TSWV. While this has been accomplished with F. occidentalis (1), information is lacking for F. fusca, the predominant vector in Georgia and other states in the Southeast. Thus, the nature of the TSWV-TT association was investigated and the proportion of transmitters in a field population determined in 1,436 individual adult TT collected from sticky cards positioned in selected peanut fields in south Georgia. Additionally, 650 larvae collected from volunteer peanut plants were reared to adults in the laboratory and the resulting 295 adult TT were individually evaluated by ELISA. Of those collected from the sticky cards, NSs was detected in 8% of the adult insects, indicating that the virus had multiplied in TT. NSs was not detected in control TT that had no access to the virus. Of the adult TT that emerged from larvae collected from volunteer peanuts, 6.1% were positive for NSs. Our study provides the first immunological evidence that TSWV multiplies in TT. References: (1) M. D. Bandla et al. Phytopathology 84:1427, 1994. (2) J. R. Chamberlin et al. J. Econ. Entomol. 86:40, 1993.

scholarly journals Survival and Reproductive Success of Tobacco Thrips on Three Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Infected and Noninfected Peanut Cultivars

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Garcia ◽  
G. G. Kennedy ◽  
R. L. Brandenburg
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract A comparison of the survival and reproductive success of Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on tomato spotted wilt virus (Bunyviridae: Tospovirus) (TSWV) infected and uninfected peanut plants was conducted under greenhouse conditions in North Carolina. Three cultivars—NC 9, NC-V11, and NC 12C—adapted to North Carolina production practices were evaluated. A total of 180 individually caged plants, in three replicates, were infested with 20 female F. fusca each. Adult and larval thrips were collected after 30 d on the plants. Final counts were square root transformed and a mixed model analysis of variance conducted. Effects of cultivar and the virus-by-cultivar interaction were not statistically significant. TSWV-infected plants had significantly fewer adult and larval F. fusca than did uninfected plants for adults (P = 0.04) and for larvae (P = 0.01). This study reports on an alternative method of assessing TSWV resistance among peanut cultivars and the trend appears to support the conclusions of a previous field study, which found NC 9 more susceptible to TSWV than either NC-V11 or NC 12C.

Effect of In-Furrow Application of Fluopyram on Leaf Spot Diseases of Peanut

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Culbreath ◽  
Robert Kemerait ◽  
Timothy Brenneman ◽  
Emily Cantonwine ◽  
Keith Rucker
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips

In peanut (Arachis hypogaea) production, in-furrow applications of the pre-mix combination of the SDHI fungicide/nematicide, fluopyram, and the insecticide, imidacloprid are used primarily for management of nematode pests and for preventing feeding damage on foliage caused by tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca). Fluopyram is also active against many fungal pathogens. However, the effect of in-furrow applications of fluopyram on early leaf spot (Passalora arachidicola) or late leaf spot (Nothopassalora personata) has not been characterized. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of in-furrow applications of fluopyram + imidacloprid or fluopyram alone on leaf spot epidemics. Field experiments were conducted in Tifton, GA in 2015, 2016, and 2018-2020. In all experiments in-furrow applications of fluopyram + imidacloprid provided extended suppression of early leaf spot and late leaf spot epidemics compared to the nontreated control. In 2020, there was no difference between the effects of fluopyram + imidacloprid and fluopyram alone on leaf spot epidemics. Results indicated that fluopyram could complement early season leaf spot management programs. Use of in-furrow applications of fluopyram should be considered as an SDHI fungicide application for resistance management purposes.

Winter Occurance and Spring Migration of Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Tripidae) in North Carolina Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Fields

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
L. E. Garcia ◽  
R. L. Brandenburg ◽  
G. G. Kennedy ◽  
J. E. Bailey ◽  
J. R. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract Overwintering of Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), tobacco thrips, in North Carolina and their subsequent spring movement into peanut fields were evaluated using two winter sampling techniques and three spring sampling techniques at the Peanut Belt Res. Sta., Lewiston, NC. In the spring of 1992 and 1993, for 14 d following peanut planting, the aerial movement of tobacco thrips was monitored using cylindrical sticky traps, trap plants, and exclusion cages. Frankliniellafusca were trapped significantly more often at 0.2 m and 0.9 m than at 1.8 m and during the afternoons. Thrips catch was significantly influenced by prevailing wind direction. No thrips were caught on sticky traps on days when maximum temperatures did not exceed 18.7 C. Frankliniella fusca began to colonize emerging peanut plants as they cracked the soil surface on days when there were temperatures above 18.7 C and times when there was no precipitation. Aerial F. fusca movement was monitored with sticky traps for three consecutive winters during 1993–96. Tobacco thrips were collected on sticky traps throughout the winter; however, counts were lower in months and years with lower temperatures. Tobacco thrips, caged throughout the winter with peanut plants infected with tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), were analyzed for the presence of a nonstructural protein (NSs) encoded for by the small RNA of TSWV and infectivity by ELISA. A total of eight tobacco thrips were collected, of which one tested positive.

scholarly journals Cotton thrips infestation predictor: a practical tool for predicting tobacco thrips ( Frankliniella fusca ) infestation of cotton seedlings in the south‐eastern United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 4018-4028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M Chappell ◽  
Rebecca V Ward ◽  
Kelley T DePolt ◽  
Phillip M Roberts ◽  
Jeremy K Greene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Practical Tool

Seasonal Occurrence of Thrips (Thysanoptera) on Cowpeas in Western Arkansas and Northeast Oklahoma

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Sweeden ◽  
Paul J. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Common Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Soybean Thrips

Three thrips species were commonly found in western Arkansas and northeast Oklahoma cowpea fields during the 1991 and 1992 growing seasons. These were the tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), the flower thrips, Frankliniella tritici (Fitch), and the soybean thrips, Sericothrips variabilis (Beach). Earlier planted cowpea fields in each area had higher thrips numbers than later planted fields. Tobacco thrips numbers tended to be higher during the early stages of the crop when the plants were small. As plants began to produce blooms, flower thrips numbers increased considerably. Peak flower thrips numbers typically occurred around two weeks after first bloom. Soybean thrips abundance was generally lower than the other common species and had no apparent pattern. Chirothrips crassus Hinds and Chirothrips spiniceps Hood also were found, but were uncommon.

Impact of Tobacco Thrips on Cowpea

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Paul McLeod ◽  
Tahir Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
The Us ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
The Impact

In the southern US, seedling cowpeas are severely injured by the tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds). This feeding results in discoloration and distortion of the leaf tissue. Although damage from thrips feeding on foliage is common and appears substantial, recent studies have demonstrated little impact on cowpea yield. Caging up to ten F. fusca per cowpea seedling failed to significantly reduce number of pods, seed number, or seed weight when compared to cowpea seedlings caged with no thrips. Also, no significant differences in the days to initial flowering were detected among the treatments, i.e., 0, 1, 2, 5, or 10 thrips per seedling. In field studies, the insecticide, bifenthrin, applied to cowpea seedlings effectively reduced the number of thrips and significantly reduced foliar damage when compared to non-treated seedlings. At harvest however, no significant differences were detected among the other variables tested, i.e., pods per plant, seed per plant, seed per pod, seed weight per plant, nor weight per seed. Thus, data indicate that the impact of F. fusca on cowpea produced in the US is likely less than previously thought and early season thrips management is of little value. Accepted for publication 10 September 2012. Published 19 October 2012.

scholarly journals Compatibility of Acephate with Herbicides Applied Postemergence in Peanut

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
G. S. Chahal ◽  
D. L. Jordan ◽  
P. M. Eure ◽  
R. L. Brandenburg
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips

ABSTRACT Numerous agrochemicals can be applied in peanut to control pests. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted in North Carolina during 2009 and 2010 to determine peanut response to paraquat and tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca Hinds.) when acephate was applied in combination with chloroacetamide and contact herbicides. Experiments were also conducted during 2011 to determine peanut response to acephate applied alone or with paraquat when peanut was planted either without aldicarb or when aldicarb was applied in the seed furrow at planting. Visible peanut damage caused by tobacco thrips feeding was greater when chloroacetamide herbicides were applied without acephate compared with application with acephate regardless of paraquat treatment. Visible injury caused by paraquat was higher when chloroacetamide herbicides were included compared with paraquat alone in one of two years. Visible injury by paraquat was lower when applied with acephate compared to paraquat alone in one of two years. Acephate applied to peanut foliage and aldicarb applied in the seed furrow at planting protected peanut similarly from damage associated with tobacco thrips feeding. Acephate alone or with chloroacetamide herbicides changed solution pH from slightly acidic to highly acidic. Several combinations of pesticides formed either transient or permanent precipitates.

scholarly journals Effects of Planting Date on Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Cotton

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 699-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody D Kerns ◽  
Jeremy K Greene ◽  
Francis P F Reay-Jones ◽  
William C Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Tobacco Thrips

Abstract At-plant applications of insecticides are the most common method to manage thrips in upland cotton, Gossypium hirstutum L. Because the primary pest species, tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), has developed resistance to commonly used neonicotinoid insecticides used in producing cotton, alternative control options are needed for sustainable thrips management programs. A 3-year study (2015–2017) showed that densities of thrips, feeding injury from thrips, cotton growth, and yield varied among 10 planting dates. Densities of thrips were lowest in seedling cotton planted after mid-May in all years. Thrips injury ratings in all years were highest in cotton planted in April, lowest in cotton planted in June, and below intermediate injury (intermediate corresponded to a 3 on the 0–5 scale) levels in cotton planted after mid-May. Cotton planted during May, rather than in April or June, had the highest yield potential, regardless of variety. Results of the study indicated that altering planting date could potentially be useful in mitigating injury and losses from thrips in upland cotton.

scholarly journals The Role of Weed Hosts and Tobacco Thrips, Frankliniella fusca, in the Epidemiology of Tomato spotted wilt virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Groves ◽  
J. F. Walgenbach ◽  
J. W. Moyer ◽  
G. G. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Sonchus Asper ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Wilt Virus

Wild plant species were systematically sampled to characterize reproduction of thrips, the vector of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and natural sources TSWV infection. Thrips populations were monitored on 28 common perennial, biennial, and annual plant species over two noncrop seasons at six field locations across North Carolina. Sonchus asper, Stellaria media, and Taraxacum officianale consistently supported the largest populations of immature TSWV vector species. The tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca, was the most abundant TSWV vector species collected, comprising over 95% of vector species in each survey season. Perennial plant species (i.e., Plantago rugelii and Taraxacum officianale) were often only locally abundant, and many annual species (Cerastium vulgatum, Sonchus asper, and Stellaria media) were more widely distributed. Perennial species, including P. rugelii and Rumex crispus, remained TSWV infected for 2 years in a small-plot field test. Where these perennial species are locally abundant, they may serve as important and long-lasting TSWV inoculum sources. In random surveys across 12 locations in North Carolina, TSWV infection was documented by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 35 of 72 (49%) common perennial (N = 10), biennial (N = 4), and annual (N = 21) plant species across 18 plant families. Estimated rates of TSWV infection were highest in Cerastium vulgatum (4.2%), Lactuca scariola (1.3%), Molluga verticillata (4.3%), Plantago rugelii (3.4%), Ranunculus sardous (3.6%), Sonchus asper (5.1%), Stellaria media (1.4%), and Taraxacum officianale (5.8%). Nine plant species were determined to be new host recordings for TSWV infection, including Cardamine hirsuta, Eupatorium capillifolium, Geranium carolinianum, Gnaphalium purpureum, Linaria canadense, Molluga verticillata, Pyrrhopappus carolinianus, Raphanus raphanistrum, and Triodanis perfoliata. Our findings document the relative potential of a number of common annual, biennial, and perennial plant species to act as important reproductive sites for F. fusca and as acquisition sources of TSWV for spread to susceptible crops.

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