The micro-Ames test: A direct comparison of the performance and sensitivities of the standard and 24-well plate versions of the bacterial mutation test

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 687-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Proudlock ◽  
Kristie Evans
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Bacterial Mutation

Barry Commoner and the Hamburger Story: Can Ideology Prevail over Science?

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Piero Dolara
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Heterocyclic Amines ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Bacterial Mutation ◽  
Original Observation ◽  
Cooked Meat ◽  
Washington University ◽  
Young Researchers

In the Center for the Biology of Natural Systems at Washington University in 1976, young researchers were studying the fact that the bacterial mutation rate was higher in the Ames test after the addition of liver microsomes. The effect was due to contaminants present in beef extract and in fried hamburgers as well. The communication of these results was followed by a tremendous popular and press response. The fact that potent mutagens were present in cooked meat raised the possibility that they could play a role in the induction of cancer. This prompted greater scientific interest on the topic increasing scientific articles from a few to several hundred per year. The original observation was then forgotten and after twenty years heterocyclic amines, formed in hamburgers during frying, are known to be involved in the induction of the most common human cancers.

Studies on bacterial mutation using streptomycin-dependent tubercle bacilli

1958 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-203
Author(s):  
Koomi KANAI ◽  
Shigeru KATSUYAMA ◽  
Makoto NAKAJIMA
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Mutation

scholarly journals N-Nitroso Compounds and Mutagens in Chinese Fermented (Sour) Corn Pancakes

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 1052-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank D Groves ◽  
Haleem Issaq ◽  
Stephen Fox ◽  
Alan M Jeffrey ◽  
John Whysner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Nitroso Compounds ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Mutagenic Response ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Volatile Nitrosamines

Abstract Stomach cancer rates in rural Linqu County, Shandong Province, China, are exceptionally high. A previous case-control study revealed that the risk of stomach cancer was 30%higher among those who consumed sour (fermented) corn pancakes at least daily. A previous study of the sour pancakes reported volatile nitrosamines in most specimens, and almost half reportedly showed mutagenic activity. Few households currently consume sour pancakes, and the duration of fermentation has been shortened. We tested specimens of pancake batter and sour pancakes from Linqu County for mutagenic activity using the Ames test; for N-nitroso compounds (NOC) we used the Nitrolite–thermal energy analysis (TEA) method. Results of the Ames test were inconclusive: only 1 out of 15 cooked pancakes showed a positive mutagenic response, and all 15 batter specimens were negative; however, several batter specimens showed a weakly positive trend of mutagenicity with extract concentration. Our assay for total nitroso compounds was weakly positive in only 1 out of 15 specimens of sour pancake batter. That specimen was also tested by gas chromatography–TEA for nitrosaminoacids and volatile nitrosamines, but none were detected. It seems unlikely that the Chinese sour pancakes are significantly contaminated by NOC or other mutagens.

Effects of melatonin on N-nitroso-N-methylurea-induced carcinogenesis in rats and mutagenesis in vitro (Ames test and COMET assay)

1999 ◽  
Vol 138 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei A Musatov ◽  
Vladimir N Anisimov ◽  
Véronique André ◽  
Carole Vigreux ◽  
Thierry Godard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Ames Test

scholarly journals Hawk-Seq™ differentiates between various mutations in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 strain caused by exposure to Ames test-positive mutagens

Mutagenesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Otsubo ◽  
Shoji Matsumura ◽  
Naohiro Ikeda ◽  
Osamu Morita
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Nitro Compound ◽  
Aromatic Amines ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Base Substitution ◽  
Aromatic Nitro Compound ◽  
Aromatic Nitro

Abstract A precise understanding of differences in genomic mutations according to the mutagenic mechanisms detected in mutagenicity data is required to evaluate the carcinogenicity of environmental mutagens. Recently, we developed a highly accurate genome sequencing method, ‘Hawk-Seq™’, that enables the detection of mutagen-induced genome-wide mutations. However, its applicability to detect various mutagens and identify differences in mutational profiles is not well understood. Thus, we evaluated DNA samples from Salmonella typhimurium TA100 exposed to 11 mutagens including alkylating agents, aldehydes, an aromatic nitro compound, epoxides, aromatic amines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We extensively analysed mutagen-induced mutational profiles and their association with the mechanisms of mutagens. Hawk-Seq™ sensitively detected mutations induced by all 11 mutagens, including one that increased the number of revertants by approximately two-fold in the Ames test. Although the sensitivity for less water-soluble mutagens was relatively low, we increased the sensitivity to obtain high-resolution spectra by modifying the exposure protocol. Moreover, two epoxides indicated similar 6-dimensional or 96-dimensional mutational patterns; likewise, three SN1 type alkylating agents indicated similar mutational patterns, suggesting that the mutational patterns are compound category-specific. Meanwhile, an SN2 type alkylating agent exhibited unique mutational patterns compared to those of the SN1 type alkylating agents. Although the mutational patterns induced by aldehydes, the aromatic nitro compound, aromatic amines, and PAHs did not differ substantially from each other, the maximum total base substitution frequencies (MTSFs) were similar among mutagens in the same structural groups. Furthermore, the MTSF was found to be associated with the carcinogenic potency of some direct-acting mutagens. These results indicate that our method can generate high-resolution mutational profiles to identify characteristic features of each mutagen. The detailed mutational data obtained by Hawk-Seq™ can provide useful information regarding mutagenic mechanisms and help identify its association with the carcinogenicity of mutagens without requiring carcinogenicity data.

scholarly journals Assessment by Ames test and comet assay of toxicity potential of polymer used to develop field-capable rapid-detection device to analyze environmental samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Hebert ◽  
Michelle Bishop ◽  
Dhiman Bhattacharyya ◽  
Karen Gleason ◽  
Stephen Torosian
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Toxicity Potential

scholarly journals Development of a new quantitative structure–activity relationship model for predicting Ames mutagenicity of food flavor chemicals using StarDrop™ auto-Modeller™

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Kasamatsu ◽  
Airi Kitazawa ◽  
Sumie Tajima ◽  
Masahiro Kaneko ◽  
Kei-ichi Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Qsar Model ◽  
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Quantitative Structure ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Structure Activity

Abstract Background Food flavors are relatively low molecular weight chemicals with unique odor-related functional groups that may also be associated with mutagenicity. These chemicals are often difficult to test for mutagenicity by the Ames test because of their low production and peculiar odor. Therefore, application of the quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) approach is being considered. We used the StarDrop™ Auto-Modeller™ to develop a new QSAR model. Results In the first step, we developed a new robust Ames database of 406 food flavor chemicals consisting of existing Ames flavor chemical data and newly acquired Ames test data. Ames results for some existing flavor chemicals have been revised by expert reviews. We also collected 428 Ames test datasets for industrial chemicals from other databases that are structurally similar to flavor chemicals. A total of 834 chemicals’ Ames test datasets were used to develop the new QSAR models. We repeated the development and verification of prototypes by selecting appropriate modeling methods and descriptors and developed a local QSAR model. A new QSAR model “StarDrop NIHS 834_67” showed excellent performance (sensitivity: 79.5%, specificity: 96.4%, accuracy: 94.6%) for predicting Ames mutagenicity of 406 food flavors and was better than other commercial QSAR tools. Conclusions A local QSAR model, StarDrop NIHS 834_67, was customized to predict the Ames mutagenicity of food flavor chemicals and other low molecular weight chemicals. The model can be used to assess the mutagenicity of food flavors without actual testing.

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