Prevotella denticolaLipopolysaccharide from a Cystic Fibrosis Isolate Possesses a Unique Chemical Structure

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (9) ◽  
pp. 1732-1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flaviana Di Lorenzo ◽  
Alba Silipo ◽  
Thomas Matier ◽  
Anna Hanuszkiewicz ◽  
J. Stuart Elborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Isolate ◽  
Unique Chemical

Zwitterions: Promising Interfacial / Doping Materials for Organic / Perovskite Solar Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoyun Chen ◽  
Xudong Yang ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Bo Song
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Unique Chemical

Zwitterions, due to the unique chemical structure and electrical charges, has caught continuous attention in organic / perovskite solar cells (OSCs / PSCs). It is widely used as interfacial materials...

Enhancement of Thermo-Oxidative Stability of Vegetable Oil Based Lubricant via Chemical Modification Techniques

2015 ◽  
Vol 813-814 ◽  
pp. 695-699
Author(s):  
S. Arumugam ◽  
G. Sriram ◽  
A. Hemanth Sai Kumar Chowdary ◽  
Janga Subramanya Sai
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Transesterification Method ◽  
Unique Chemical

The rising demand for environmentally acceptable lubricant has led researchers to look to vegetable oils as an alternative to petroleum based lubricants. Vegetable oils have radically distinctive properties owing to their unique chemical structure which have greater ability to lubricate and have higher biodegradability. In spite of advantages, they are limited to inadequate thermo-oxidative stability and poor low-temperature properties which hinder their utilization. In the present study in order to produce a bio lubricant with good thermo-oxidative stability, rapeseed oil was subjected to two different chemical modification techniques viz., epoxidation method and successive transesterification method. The thermo-oxidative stability of formulated oil was analysed using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). TGA analysis divulges that the thermo-oxidative stability of rapeseed oil was greatly improved with the epoxidation method in comparison with the successive transesterification method.

scholarly journals Resistant Starch Regulates Gut Microbiota: Structure, Biochemistry and Cell Signalling

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Yang ◽  
Kwame Oteng Darko ◽  
Yanjun Huang ◽  
Caimei He ◽  
Huansheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Regulatory Effect ◽  
Gut Peptides ◽  
Remarkable Progress ◽  
Unique Chemical

Starch is one of the most popular nutritional sources for both human and animals. Due to the variation of its nutritional traits and biochemical specificities, starch has been classified into rapidly digestible, slowly digestible and resistant starch. Resistant starch has its own unique chemical structure, and various forms of resistant starch are commercially available. It has been found being a multiple-functional regulator for treating metabolic dysfunction. Different functions of resistant starch such as modulation of the gut microbiota, gut peptides, circulating growth factors, circulating inflammatory mediators have been characterized by animal studies and clinical trials. In this mini-review, recent remarkable progress in resistant starch on gut microbiota, particularly the effect of structure, biochemistry and cell signaling on nutrition has been summarized, with highlights on its regulatory effect on gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Energy-Generating Enzymes of Burkholderia cepacia and Their Interactions with Macrophages

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 (10) ◽  
pp. 3167-3178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasu Punj ◽  
Rachna Sharma ◽  
Olga Zaborina ◽  
A. M. Chakrabarty
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bacterial Protein ◽  
Sepharose Column ◽  
Cellular Energetics ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Isolate ◽  
High Cytotoxicity

ABSTRACT We previously demonstrated that several clinical and environmental isolates of Burkholderia cepacia secreted ATP-utilizing enzymes to the medium; the secretion of these enzymes by cystic fibrosis lung isolate strain 38 was shown to be greatly enhanced in the presence of α2-macroglobulin. Fractionation of the growth medium of cystic fibrosis isolate strain 71 belonging to genomovar I demonstrated the presence of two additional proteins, homologues of Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin and cytochrome c 551, which are normally involved in electron transfer during denitrification. A Q-Sepharose column flowthrough fraction of the growth medium of B. cepacia strain 71 enriched with the azurin and cytochrome c 551 homologues triggered apoptosis in macrophages and mast cells, leading to their death. Incubation of the Q-Sepharose column flowthrough fraction with antiazurin and anti-cytochrome c 551 antibodies greatly reduced cell death. We cloned and hyperexpressed a gene from B. cepacia strain 71 that encodes the homologue of P. aeruginosa azurin. Such azurin homologues were detected in the growth medium of several strains belonging to genomovars I, III, and VI but not in the growth medium of strains belonging to other genomovars. The growth medium of the strains that elaborated the azurin homologue had high cytotoxicity towards macrophages. Purified azurin homologue was shown to induce apoptosis in macrophages in a caspase-dependent manner and was localized in both the cytosol and nucleus when incubated with or microinjected into macrophages. This is an interesting example of the interaction of a bacterial protein normally involved in cellular energetics with macrophages to effect their cell death.

scholarly journals Curcumin Protects Skin against UVB-Induced Cytotoxicity via the Keap1-Nrf2 Pathway: The Use of a Microemulsion Delivery System

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Ben Yehuda Greenwald ◽  
Marina Frušić-Zlotkin ◽  
Yoram Soroka ◽  
Shmuel Ben Sasson ◽  
Ronit Bitton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Delivery System ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Nrf2 Pathway ◽  
Cytoprotective Enzymes ◽  
Poor Absorption ◽  
Unique Chemical ◽  
Induce Phase ◽  
Reducing Properties

Curcumin was found to be beneficial in treating several skin pathologies and diseases, providing antioxidant protection due to its reducing properties and its electrophilic properties (the ability to activate the Nrf2 pathway and induce phase II cytoprotective enzymes). Nevertheless, clinical applications of curcumin are being hampered by its insufficient solubility, chemical instability, and poor absorption, leading to low efficacy in preventing skin pathologies. These limitations can be overcome by using a nanotechnology-based delivery system. Here, we elucidated the possibility of using curcumin encapsulated in a microemulsion preserving its unique chemical structure. We also examined whether curcumin microemulsion would reduce UVB-induced toxicity in skin. A significant curcumin concentration was found in the human skin dermis following topical application of a curcumin microemulsion. Moreover, curcumin microemulsion enhanced the reduction of UV-induced cytotoxicity in epidermal cells, paving the way for other incorporated electrophiles in encapsulated form protecting skin against stress-related diseases.

scholarly journals Isocitrate Lyase Supplies Precursors for Hydrogen Cyanide Production in a Cystic Fibrosis Isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2009 ◽  
Vol 191 (20) ◽  
pp. 6335-6339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Hagins ◽  
Robert Locy ◽  
Laura Silo-Suh
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Isocitrate Lyase ◽  
Acid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Amino Acid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Isolate ◽  
Glyoxylate Pathway

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonizes and can persist in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients for decades. Adaptation of P. aeruginosa to the CF lung environment causes various genotypic and phenotypic alterations in the bacterium that facilitate persistence. We showed previously that isocitrate lyase (ICL) activity is constitutively upregulated in the P. aeruginosa CF isolate FRD1. We show here that high ICL activity in FRD1 contributes to increased hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production by this isolate. Disruption of aceA, which encodes ICL, results in reduced cyanide production by FRD1 but does not affect cyanide production in the wound isolate PAO1. Cyanide production is restored to the FRD1aceA mutant by addition of glyoxylate, a product of ICL activity, or glycine to the growth medium. Conversion of glyoxylate to glycine may provide a mechanism for increased cyanide production by P. aeruginosa growing on compounds that activate the glyoxylate pathway. Consistent with this hypothesis, disruption of PA5304, encoding a putative d-amino acid dehydrogenase (DadA), led to decreased cyanide production by FRD1. Cyanide production was restored to the FRD1dadA mutant by the addition of glycine, but not glyoxylate, to the growth medium, suggesting that loss of the ability to convert glyoxylate to glycine was associated with the dadA mutation. This was supported by increased glycine production from toluene-treated FRD1 cells with the addition of glyoxylate compared to FRD1dadA cells. This study indicates a larger role for ICL in the physiology and virulence of chronic isolates of P. aeruginosa than previously recognized.

scholarly journals Structural analysis of the lipopolysaccharide core of a rough, cystic fibrosis isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2001 ◽  
Vol 268 (17) ◽  
pp. 4708-4719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy A. Knirel ◽  
Ol'ga V. Bystrova ◽  
Alexander S. Shashkov ◽  
Buko Lindner ◽  
Nina A. Kocharova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Isolate

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Persistent Cystic Fibrosis Isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain RP73

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jeukens ◽  
B. Boyle ◽  
I. Bianconi ◽  
I. Kukavica-Ibrulj ◽  
B. Tummler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Isolate
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