scholarly journals Resistant Starch Regulates Gut Microbiota: Structure, Biochemistry and Cell Signalling

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Yang ◽  
Kwame Oteng Darko ◽  
Yanjun Huang ◽  
Caimei He ◽  
Huansheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Regulatory Effect ◽  
Gut Peptides ◽  
Remarkable Progress ◽  
Unique Chemical

Starch is one of the most popular nutritional sources for both human and animals. Due to the variation of its nutritional traits and biochemical specificities, starch has been classified into rapidly digestible, slowly digestible and resistant starch. Resistant starch has its own unique chemical structure, and various forms of resistant starch are commercially available. It has been found being a multiple-functional regulator for treating metabolic dysfunction. Different functions of resistant starch such as modulation of the gut microbiota, gut peptides, circulating growth factors, circulating inflammatory mediators have been characterized by animal studies and clinical trials. In this mini-review, recent remarkable progress in resistant starch on gut microbiota, particularly the effect of structure, biochemistry and cell signaling on nutrition has been summarized, with highlights on its regulatory effect on gut microbiota.

Gut Microbiota and Antipsychotics Induced Metabolic Alteration

2019 ◽  
pp. 131-143
Author(s):  
Dong-Yu Kan ◽  
Su-Juan Li ◽  
Chen-Chen Liu ◽  
Ren-Rong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Metabolic Disturbance ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Severe Mental Disorder ◽  
Metabolic Alteration

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder with antipsychotics as primary medications, but the antipsychotic-induced metabolic side effects may contribute to the elevated risk of overall morbidity and mortality in patients with psych-iatric diseases. With the development in sequencing technology and bioinformatics, dysbiosis has been shown to contribute to body weight gain and metabolic dysfunction. However, the role of gut microbiota in the antipsychotic-induced metabolic alteration remains unknown. In this paper, we reviewed the recent studies of the gut microbiota with psychiatric disorders and antipsychotic-induced metabolic dysfunction. Patients with neuropsychiatric disorders may have a different composi-tion of gut microbiota compared with healthy controls. In addition, it seems that the use of antipsychotics is concurrently associated with both altered composition of gut microbiota and metabolic disturbance. Further study is needed to address the role of gut microbiota in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders and antipsychotic-induced metabolic disturbance, to develop novel therapeutics for both neuropsychiatric disorders and metabolic dysfunction.

Regulatory effect of volatile compounds in fermented alcoholic beverages on gut microbiota and serum metabolism in mouse model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Ji ◽  
Cheng Fang ◽  
Wei Jia ◽  
Hai Du ◽  
Yan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Regulatory Effect ◽  
Main Risk Factor

Ethanol (EtOH) is the main risk factor for alcoholic liver disease. However, fermented alcoholic beverages contain not only ethanol but also various volatile compounds. Currently, effects of volatile compounds in...

scholarly journals Effects of Polyphenols in Tea (Camellia sinensis sp.) on the Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Human Trials and Animal Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-216
Author(s):  
Mus Azza Suhana Khairudin ◽  
Abbe Maleyki Mhd Jalil ◽  
Napisah Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Tea Polyphenols ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Polyphenol Compounds ◽  
Human Trials ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Meta Analyses

A diet high in polyphenols is associated with a diversified gut microbiome. Tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world, after water. The health benefits of tea might be attributed to the presence of polyphenol compounds such as flavonoids (e.g., catechins and epicatechins), theaflavins, and tannins. Although many studies have been conducted on tea, little is known of its effects on the trillions of gut microbiota. Hence, this review aimed to systematically study the effect of tea polyphenols on the stimulation or suppression of gut microbiota in humans and animals. It was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Articles were retrieved from PubMed and Scopus databases, and data were extracted from 6 human trials and 15 animal studies. Overall, large variations were observed in terms of microbiota composition between humans and animals. A more consistent pattern of diversified microbiota was observed in animal studies. Tea alleviated the gut microbiota imbalance caused by high-fat diet-induced obesity, diabetes, and ultraviolet-induced damage. The overall changes in microbiota composition measured by beta diversity analysis showed that tea had shifted the microbiota from the pattern seen in animals that received tea-free intervention. In humans, a prebiotic-like effect was observed toward the gut microbiota, but these results appeared in lower-quality studies. The beta diversity in human microbiota remains intact despite tea intervention; supplementation with different teas affects different types of bacterial taxa in the gut. These studies suggest that tea polyphenols may have a prebiotic effect in disease-induced animals and in a limited number of human interventions. Further intervention is needed to identify the mechanisms of action underlying the effects of tea on gut microbiota.

In vitro digestion and fecal fermentation of highly resistant starch rice and its effect on the gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
pp. 130095
Author(s):  
Zhi-tao Li ◽  
Guo-ao Hu ◽  
Li Zhu ◽  
Zhi-chao Zhao ◽  
Yun-Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
In Vitro Digestion

Diabetes diminishes typical metabolite of litchi pericarp oligomeric procyanidins (LPOPC) in urine mediated by imbalanced gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Li ◽  
Yong Sui ◽  
B. Xie ◽  
Zhida Sun ◽  
Shuyi Li
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Litchi Pericarp

Animal studies and clinical trials have shown that dietary polyphenols and polyphenol-rich foods can reduce the risk of T2D and its complications, but how diabetes regulates the metabolism of polyphenol...

Zwitterions: Promising Interfacial / Doping Materials for Organic / Perovskite Solar Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoyun Chen ◽  
Xudong Yang ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Bo Song
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Unique Chemical

Zwitterions, due to the unique chemical structure and electrical charges, has caught continuous attention in organic / perovskite solar cells (OSCs / PSCs). It is widely used as interfacial materials...

Impact of Resistant Maltodextrins and Resistant Starch on Human Gut Microbiota and Organic Acids Production

2019 ◽  
pp. 1800231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waraporn Sorndech ◽  
Sureelak Rodtong ◽  
Andreas Blennow ◽  
Sunanta Tongta
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

scholarly journals Obese ZDF rats fermented resistant starch with effects on gut microbiota but no reduction in abdominal fat

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1501025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia Goldsmith ◽  
Justin Guice ◽  
Ryan Page ◽  
David A. Welsh ◽  
Christopher M. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Zdf Rats

Enhancement of Thermo-Oxidative Stability of Vegetable Oil Based Lubricant via Chemical Modification Techniques

2015 ◽  
Vol 813-814 ◽  
pp. 695-699
Author(s):  
S. Arumugam ◽  
G. Sriram ◽  
A. Hemanth Sai Kumar Chowdary ◽  
Janga Subramanya Sai
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Transesterification Method ◽  
Unique Chemical

The rising demand for environmentally acceptable lubricant has led researchers to look to vegetable oils as an alternative to petroleum based lubricants. Vegetable oils have radically distinctive properties owing to their unique chemical structure which have greater ability to lubricate and have higher biodegradability. In spite of advantages, they are limited to inadequate thermo-oxidative stability and poor low-temperature properties which hinder their utilization. In the present study in order to produce a bio lubricant with good thermo-oxidative stability, rapeseed oil was subjected to two different chemical modification techniques viz., epoxidation method and successive transesterification method. The thermo-oxidative stability of formulated oil was analysed using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). TGA analysis divulges that the thermo-oxidative stability of rapeseed oil was greatly improved with the epoxidation method in comparison with the successive transesterification method.

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