Histological and cytological study of the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis in adult rat. II. Oval nucleus: Extrinsic inputs, cell types, neuropil, and neuronal modules

2006 ◽  
Vol 497 (5) ◽  
pp. 772-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Larriva-Sahd
Keyword(s):  
Cytological Study ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Stria Terminalis ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Oval Nucleus

Subcellular localization of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 in rat myocardium

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (2) ◽  
pp. H709-H717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Petrecca ◽  
Roxana Atanasiu ◽  
Sergio Grinstein ◽  
John Orlowski ◽  
Alvin Shrier
Keyword(s):  
Connexin 43 ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ph Homeostasis ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Gap Junction Protein ◽  
Intercalated Disks ◽  
Distinct Distribution ◽  
Intercalated Disk

The Na+/H+exchanger NHE1 isoform is an integral component of cardiac intracellular pH homeostasis that is critically important for myocardial contractility. To gain further insight into its physiological significance, we determined its cellular distribution in adult rat heart by using immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. NHE1 was localized predominantly at the intercalated disk regions in close proximity to the gap junction protein connexin 43 of atrial and ventricular muscle cells. Significant labeling of NHE1 was also observed along the transverse tubular systems, but not the lateral sarcolemmal membranes, of both cell types. In contrast, the Na+-K+-ATPase α1-subunit was readily labeled by a specific mouse monoclonal antibody (McK1) along the entire ventricular sarcolemma and intercalated disks and, to a lesser extent, in the transverse tubules. These results indicate that NHE1 has a distinct distribution in heart and may fulfill specialized roles by selectively regulating the pH microenvironment of pH-sensitive proteins at the intercalated disks (e.g., connexin 43) and near the cytosolic surface of sarcoplasmic reticulum cisternae (e.g., ryanodine receptor), thereby influencing impulse conduction and excitation-contraction coupling.

scholarly journals Changing Patterns of Renal Retinal Dehydrogenase Expression Parallel Nephron Development in the Rat

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1025-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pangala V. Bhat ◽  
Mieczyslaw Marcinkiewicz ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Sylvie Mader
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Kidney Development ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Cell Growth And Differentiation ◽  
Retinal Dehydrogenase ◽  
Nephron Development

We have recently characterized a cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase from rat kidney that functions as a retinal dehydrogenase (RALDH) and have cloned the corresponding gene. RALDH catalyzes the oxidation of retinal to retinoic acid, which regulates cell growth and differentiation by activating retinoic acid receptors. In situ hybridization demonstrates that RALDH mRNA expression is prominent in kidney in 2-day-old rats, is detected in lung and in epithelia of several tissues, but is not found in liver tissue. Retinal dehydrogenase activity peaks in kidney at Day 2 after birth and decreases gradually until adulthood, correlating well with RALDH expression. Weaker activity is also detectable in lungs but not in liver. Notably, distribution patterns of RALDH in kidney tissues are dramatically altered during postnatal development (P). From P0 to P6, hybridization is essentially concentrated within the marginal nephrogenic zone of the cortex. Expression progresses to deeper cortical layers from P12 to P16 and is intense in the medulla at P42, and focal expression is still detectable in the cortex. Immunocytochemical localization of RALDH in neonatal kidney shows staining mostly in cortical zone convoluted tubules and in adult rat shows staining in segments of distal and proximal tubules. These data suggest an important role for RALDH in modulating retinoic acid levels in different cell types during rat kidney development. The changing patterns of RALDH expression mirror stages of nephron formation in the developing rat kidney, strongly suggesting a central role for RALDH and thus for retinoids in controlling kidney development.

scholarly journals Localization of phosphotyrosine adaptor protein ShcD/SHC4 in the adult rat central nervous system

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah N. Robeson ◽  
Hayley R. Lau ◽  
Laura A. New ◽  
Jasmin Lalonde ◽  
John N. Armstrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Fiber Tracts

Abstract Background Mammalian Shc (Src homology and collagen) proteins comprise a family of four phosphotyrosine adaptor molecules which exhibit varied spatiotemporal expression and signaling functions. ShcD is the most recently discovered homologue and it is highly expressed in the developing central nervous system (CNS) and adult brain. Presently however, its localization within specific cell types of mature neural structures has yet to be characterized. Results In the current study, we examine the expression profile of ShcD in the adult rat CNS using immunohistochemistry, and compare with those of the neuronally enriched ShcB and ShcC proteins. ShcD shows relatively widespread distribution in the adult brain and spinal cord, with prominent levels of staining throughout the olfactory bulb, as well as in sub-structures of the cerebellum and hippocampus, including the subgranular zone. Co-localization studies confirm the expression of ShcD in mature neurons and progenitor cells. ShcD immunoreactivity is primarily localized to axons and somata, consistent with the function of ShcD as a cytoplasmic adaptor. Regional differences in expression are observed among neural Shc proteins, with ShcC predominating in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and some fiber tracts. Interestingly, ShcD is uniquely expressed in the olfactory nerve layer and in glomeruli of the main olfactory bulb. Conclusions Together our findings suggest that ShcD may provide a distinct signaling contribution within the olfactory system, and that overlapping expression of ShcD with other Shc proteins may allow compensatory functions in the brain.

scholarly journals Cytologic Features and Cellular Migration in the Cortex and Medulla of Thymus in the Young Adult Rat

Blood ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. SAINTE-MARIE ◽  
C. P. LEBLOND
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cellular Migration ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
Nuclear Processes

Abstract The cells of the cortex and medulla of thymus and their mitoses were described in 10-week old (200 Gm.) male rats. The four main cell types found in cortex (reticular cells, large, medium and small lymphocytes were related to each other by transitional cell types. The presence of numerous mitoses of the four cell types indicates rapid cell production. Since the thymus of 10-week old rats is not growing and, therefore, each cell population must be in a steady state, the mitotic production of new cells of a given type must be balanced by transformation into cells of another type or by emigration out of the cortex. Evidence is presented in support of the transformation of reticular cells into large lymphocytes; and of these into lesser and lesser sized lymphocytes. As for small lymphocytes, the evidence indicates that they migrate form cortex to medulla. The medulla contains numerous small lymphocytes, some reticular cells, and rare large and medium lymphocytes. The lymphocytes of the medulla (presumed to have migrated from the cortex) often show nuclear processes which are attributed to ameboid motion. The medulla of the rat thymus contains many blood vessels, most of which are enclosed within "perivascular channels." Diapedesis of lymphocytes, chiefly small ones, is frequently seen across the walls of both the perivascular channels and the blood vessels themselves. Furthermore, higher counts of lymphocytes in venous than in arterial blood of thymus indicate that these cells directly enter the blood circulation. In conclusion, cells of the lymphocytic series are produced by mitosis in the cortex of the thymus. The evidence indicates that lymphocytes arising in this region migrate into the medulla. Thence, these cells pass into perivascular channels and into the enclosed blood vessels to reach the circulation.

scholarly journals Sustained Elevated Levels of Circulating Vasopressin Selectively Stimulate the Proliferation of Kidney Tubular Cells via the Activation of V2 Receptors

Endocrinology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérard Alonso ◽  
Evelyne Galibert ◽  
Véra Boulay ◽  
Anne Guillou ◽  
Alexandra Jean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
Tubular Cells ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
V2 Receptor ◽  
Kidney Tubular Cells

The hypothalamic hormone vasopressin (AVP) has known mitogenic effects on various cell types. This study was designed to determine whether sustained elevated levels of circulating AVP could influence cell proliferation within adult tissues known to express different AVP receptors, including the pituitary, adrenal gland, liver, and kidney. Plasmatic AVP was chronically increased by submitting animals to prolonged hyperosmotic stimulation or implanting them with a AVP-containing osmotic minipump. After several days of either treatment, increased cell proliferation was detected only within the kidney. This kidney cell proliferation was not affected by the administration of selective V1a or V1b receptor antagonists but was either inhibited or mimicked by the administration of a selective V2 receptor antagonist or agonist, respectively. Kidney proliferative cells mostly concerned a subpopulation of differentiated tubular cells known to express the V2 receptors and were associated with the phosphorylation of ERK. These data indicate that in the adult rat, sustained elevated levels of circulating AVP stimulates the proliferation of a subpopulation of kidney tubular cells expressing the V2 receptor, providing the first illustration of a mitogenic effect of AVP via the activation of the V2 receptor subtype. Elevated levels of circulating vasopressin selectively stimulate the proliferation of kidney tubular cells via the activation of V2 receptors, thus showing the potential implication in polycystic kidney diseases.

Immunocytochemical localization of the nuclear 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine receptor in the adult rat: liver, kidney, heart, lung and spleen

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Luo ◽  
R. Faure ◽  
Y. A. Tong ◽  
J. H. Dussault
Keyword(s):  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Myocardial Cells ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Type Ii Pneumocytes ◽  
Mature Lymphocyte

Abstract. A monoclonal antibody was used for the localization of the nuclear T3 receptor in different tissues of the adult rat: the liver, kidney, heart, lung, spleen, testis, and pituitary. In the liver, the immunoreactivity was found uniformly distributed in the nuclei of hepatocytes. Sections incubated with a control ascitic fluid or with the same ascitic fluid pre-adsorbed with purified receptor showed no specific staining. In the kidney, the immunoreactivity was higher in the epithelial cell of the proximal convoluted tubes and juxtaglomerular cells. In the heart, only the myocardial cells were stained. In the lung, the immunoreactivity was confined to type II pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages. In the spleen, only a few mature lymphocyte and macrophage cell nuclei were stained. These results show that: 1) the abundance of the nuclear T3 correlates with previous studies using hormone binding techniques; 2) the nuclear T3 receptor is selectively located in certain cell types, which possess a precise local function.

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