The accessory olfactory bulb in the adult rat: A cytological study of its cell types, neuropil, neuronal modules, and interactions with the main olfactory system

2008 ◽  
Vol 510 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Larriva-Sahd
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Accessory Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Main Olfactory System

scholarly journals Localization of phosphotyrosine adaptor protein ShcD/SHC4 in the adult rat central nervous system

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah N. Robeson ◽  
Hayley R. Lau ◽  
Laura A. New ◽  
Jasmin Lalonde ◽  
John N. Armstrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Fiber Tracts

Abstract Background Mammalian Shc (Src homology and collagen) proteins comprise a family of four phosphotyrosine adaptor molecules which exhibit varied spatiotemporal expression and signaling functions. ShcD is the most recently discovered homologue and it is highly expressed in the developing central nervous system (CNS) and adult brain. Presently however, its localization within specific cell types of mature neural structures has yet to be characterized. Results In the current study, we examine the expression profile of ShcD in the adult rat CNS using immunohistochemistry, and compare with those of the neuronally enriched ShcB and ShcC proteins. ShcD shows relatively widespread distribution in the adult brain and spinal cord, with prominent levels of staining throughout the olfactory bulb, as well as in sub-structures of the cerebellum and hippocampus, including the subgranular zone. Co-localization studies confirm the expression of ShcD in mature neurons and progenitor cells. ShcD immunoreactivity is primarily localized to axons and somata, consistent with the function of ShcD as a cytoplasmic adaptor. Regional differences in expression are observed among neural Shc proteins, with ShcC predominating in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and some fiber tracts. Interestingly, ShcD is uniquely expressed in the olfactory nerve layer and in glomeruli of the main olfactory bulb. Conclusions Together our findings suggest that ShcD may provide a distinct signaling contribution within the olfactory system, and that overlapping expression of ShcD with other Shc proteins may allow compensatory functions in the brain.

Sexually dimorphic neurogenesis is topographically matched with the anterior accessory olfactory bulb of the adult rat

2001 ◽  
Vol 306 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Peretto ◽  
Claudio Giachino ◽  
GianCarlo Panzica ◽  
Aldo Fasolo
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Accessory Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Adult Rat

scholarly journals Paradoxically sparse chemosensory tuning in broadly-integrating external granule cells in the mouse accessory olfactory bulb

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingjian Zhang ◽  
Julian P. Meeks
Keyword(s):  
Patch Clamp ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Accessory Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Main Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Patch Clamp Electrophysiology ◽  
Accessory Olfactory System ◽  
Critical Circuit

AbstractThe accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) is a critical circuit in the mouse accessory olfactory system (AOS), but AOB processing is poorly understood compared to the main olfactory bulb (MOB). We used 2-photon GCaMP6f Ca2+ imaging in an ex vivo preparation to study the chemosensory tuning of AOB external granule cells (EGCs), an interneuron population hypothesized to broadly integrate from mitral cells (MCs). We measured MC and EGC tuning to natural chemosignal blends and monomolecular ligands, finding that EGC tuning was far sparser than MC tuning. Simultaneous patch-clamp electrophysiology and Ca2+ imaging indicated that this was only partially explained by lower GCaMP6f-to-spiking ratios in EGCs compared to MCs. Ex vivo patch-clamp recordings revealed that EGC subthreshold responsivity was broad, but monomolecular ligand responses were insufficient to elicit spiking. These results indicate that EGC spiking is selectively engaged by chemosensory blends, suggesting different roles for EGCs than analogous interneurons in the MOB.

scholarly journals Mammalian social odours: attraction and individual recognition

2006 ◽  
Vol 361 (1476) ◽  
pp. 2061-2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A Brennan ◽  
Keith M Kendrick
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Individual Identity ◽  
Vomeronasal System ◽  
Somatosensory Stimulation ◽  
Major Urinary Proteins ◽  
Main Olfactory System

Mammalian social systems rely on signals passed between individuals conveying information including sex, reproductive status, individual identity, ownership, competitive ability and health status. Many of these signals take the form of complex mixtures of molecules sensed by chemosensory systems and have important influences on a variety of behaviours that are vital for reproductive success, such as parent–offspring attachment, mate choice and territorial marking. This article aims to review the nature of these chemosensory cues and the neural pathways mediating their physiological and behavioural effects. Despite the complexities of mammalian societies, there are instances where single molecules can act as classical pheromones attracting interest and approach behaviour. Chemosignals with relatively high volatility can be used to signal at a distance and are sensed by the main olfactory system. Most mammals also possess a vomeronasal system, which is specialized to detect relatively non-volatile chemosensory cues following direct contact. Single attractant molecules are sensed by highly specific receptors using a labelled line pathway. These act alongside more complex mixtures of signals that are required to signal individual identity. There are multiple sources of such individuality chemosignals, based on the highly polymorphic genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or lipocalins such as the mouse major urinary proteins. The individual profile of volatile components that make up an individual odour signature can be sensed by the main olfactory system, as the pattern of activity across an array of broadly tuned receptor types. In addition, the vomeronasal system can respond highly selectively to non-volatile peptide ligands associated with the MHC, acting at the V2r class of vomeronasal receptor. The ability to recognize individuals or their genetic relatedness plays an important role in mammalian social behaviour. Thus robust systems for olfactory learning and recognition of chemosensory individuality have evolved, often associated with major life events, such as mating, parturition or neonatal development. These forms of learning share common features, such as increased noradrenaline evoked by somatosensory stimulation, which results in neural changes at the level of the olfactory bulb. In the main olfactory bulb, these changes are likely to refine the pattern of activity in response to the learned odour, enhancing its discrimination from those of similar odours. In the accessory olfactory bulb, memory formation is hypothesized to involve a selective inhibition, which disrupts the transmission of the learned chemosignal from the mating male. Information from the main olfactory and vomeronasal systems is integrated at the level of the corticomedial amygdala, which forms the most important pathway by which social odours mediate their behavioural and physiological effects. Recent evidence suggests that this region may also play an important role in the learning and recognition of social chemosignals.

scholarly journals A computational framework for temporal sharpening of stimulus input in the olfactory system

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 1749-1751
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Zak
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Stimulus Input ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Incoming Information

The olfactory bulb glomerulus is a dense amalgamation of many unique and interconnected cell types. The mechanisms by which these neurons transform incoming information from the sensory periphery have been extensively studied but often with conflicting findings. A recent study by Carey et al. ( J Neurophysiol 113: 3112–3129, 2015) details the computational framework for parallel modes of temporal refinement of stimulus input to the olfactory system mediated by local neurons within individual glomeruli.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document